英语单词各种词缀一览表.doc

英 语 单 词各 种 词 性一览表词性尾缀其实很多，大家主要记住最常用的1. 名词后缀1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor2)-acy, 表示性质，状态，境遇 democracy, accuracy, diplomacy3)-ance, -ence表示性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience4)-ancy, -ency, 表示性质，状态，行为，过程 frequency, urgency, efficiency,5)-bility, 表示动作，性质，状态 possibility, flexibility, feasibility,6)-dom, 表示等级，领域，状态 freedom, kingdom, wisdom7)-hood, 表示资格，身份, 年纪，状态 childhood, manhood, falsehood8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示行为的过程，结果，状况 action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction9)-ism, 表示制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为 socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism10)-ity, 表示性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity11)-ment, 表示行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument12)-ness, 表示性质，状态，程度 goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness13)-ship, 表示情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship14)-th, 表示动作，性质，过程，状态 depth, wealth, truth, length, growth15)-tude, 表示性质，状态，程度 latitude, altitude(海拔)16)-ure, 表示行为，结果 exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)，17-grapy, 表示学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography18)-ic, ics, 表示学法 logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics19)-ology, 表示学论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)20)-nomy, 表示学术 astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)2. 形容词后缀(1)带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive4)-like, manlike, childlike5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly6)-some, troublesome, handsome7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various9)-ent, violent10)-most, foremost, topmost11)less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless3. 动词后缀1)-ize, ise, 表示做成，变成，化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize2)-en, 表示使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden3)-fy, 表示使化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify4)-ish, 表示使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish5)-ate, 表示“成为，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate4. 副词后缀(形容词)-ly：badbadly坏地/恶劣地，carefulcarefully小心地-wise(OE)：clockclockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);likelikewise同样地-wards：outoutwards向外面地，northnorthwards向北方地常见词缀一览表1.名词后缀词缀含义例词-er人或工具cooker teacher-or人doctor actor-ist者；家artist novelist-man人postman chairman-(i)an人；国人musician Asian-eer者；家engineer mountaineer-ee受者employee interviewee-ese地方人；国人Chinese Japanese-mate有关系人roommate classmate-ance性质，状况，行动，过程，总量appearance performance-encedifference independence-ing动作，职业，东西，器物feeling sightseeing-tioneducation information-siondecision television-ment行为的结果或方式development equipment-age活动，身份，状态，费用，集合marriage shortage-dom状态，领域freedom kingdom-ness性质，状态happiness illness-graph文字，书写autograph paragraph-hood身份，地位，生活状况childhood neighborhood-ics学科或某种活动politics physics-phone声音的工具telephone microphone-ship状态，身份，职务friendship leadership-ism主义socialism pessimism-ery性质，行为，习惯discovery slavery-al动作，过程arrival denial-ability能力capability availability-ibility能力possibility responsibility-tyloyalty safety-urefailure pleasure-ydifficulty discovery-ology学科biology ecology2.形容词后缀词缀含义例词-able显示性质或特点的，可被的，适于的comfortable suitable-ible（同上）terrible horrible-al属于的national musical-antimportant pleasant-entdifferent intellight-arynecessary ordinary-ive有倾向/性质的active attractive-ywindy dirty-edexcited interested-ingexciting interesting-ese地方或国家的Chinese Japanese-ful充满的， 具有性质的careful colorful-ian地方或国家人的Asian American-ish像或有点一样的childish selfish-less没有的careless hopeless-like像的childlike-ly具有性质或特点的某一次的lovely yearly-ous具有性质的famous serious-en用做成的woolen wooden-some易于的，会引起的troublesome tiresome-icalclassical economical-icclassic economic-freecarefree tax-free-mindedopen-minded absent-minded-ological学科的biological ecological3.动词后缀 词缀含义例词-en使变成widen brighten-ise/ize使成为apologize criticize-(i)fy使成为purify simplify4.副词后缀词缀含义例词-ly地quickly suddenly-ward(s)朝方向westward backward5.表否定意义的前缀词缀含义例词dis-不,相反dislike disagreeil-不、无、非illegal illogicalim-不、无impossible immoralin-不、无、非incapable incorrectir-不、无irregular irresistiblenon-不nonsmoker nonstopun-不unreal unlockmal-恶、maltreat Malnutritionmis-误、错、misunderstand Misuse6.其他前缀词缀含义例词anti-反对、防anti-war anti-cancercontra-反对contradict contradictioncounter-反对counter-attack counter-revolutionmicro-微microscope microcomputermini-小minibus miniskirtover-超过overuse overlookunder-不足、少underpay underestimatevice-次的，低一级的vice-president vice-chairmanex-前任的，ex-president ex-wifefore-先、预先foretell foreseemid-midnight midsummerpre-前prewar preschoolre-再一次restore rebuildex-流放，向外exportfore-先，前forehead forelegin-/em-/en-/im-在内，进入embody, enroll, intake, import, immigrateinter-在中间，相互的international interactout-在上面，在外部outdoor outflowover-过分的，过量的，其他overwork overhearpost-在之后postscript post-warpre-在前preface previewsub-在之下subway sub-conscioussuper-在之上, 超级的superpower supermarkettele-远距离的telephone telegramtrans-越过、横过transport transplantunder-在下面underground underwaterup-向上，在上upward uphillbi-两、二bilingual bicycleco-共同的cooperate co-existkilo-千kilometer kilogramsemi-半semi-circle semi-officialmilli-千分之一milligram millimeteruni-一、单unify unionmulti-多multinational multiformtri-三triangle tricycleauto-自己、自动autobiography autographextra-已外、超过extra-large extra-thinvice-副、次vice-chairman vice-premier