资源描述
英 语 单 词
各 种 词 性
一览表
词性尾缀其实很多,大家主要记住最常用的
1. 名词后缀
1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor
2)-acy, 表示"性质,状态,境遇" democracy, accuracy, diplomacy
3)-ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience
4)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质,状态,行为,过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,
5)-bility, 表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, flexibility, feasibility,
6)-dom, 表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom
7)-hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood
8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程,结果,状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
9)-ism, 表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
10)-ity, 表示"性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity
11)-ment, 表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
12)-ness, 表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
13)-ship, 表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship
14)-th, 表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
15)-tude, 表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)
16)-ure, 表示"行为,结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续),
17-grapy, 表示"……学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography
18)-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics
19)-ology, 表示"……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)
20)-nomy, 表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)
2. 形容词后缀
(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义
1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible
2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)
3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive
4)-like, manlike, childlike
5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
6)-some, troublesome, handsome
7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
9)-ent, violent
10)-most, foremost, topmost
11)less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless
3. 动词后缀
1)-ize, ise, 表示"做成,变成,……化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
2)-en, 表示"使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden
3)-fy, 表示"使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
4)-ish, 表示"使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate, 表示“成为……,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate
4. 副词后缀
(形容词)-ly:bad→badly坏地/恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地
-wise(OE):clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);like→likewise同样地
-wards:out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地
常见词缀一览表
1.名词后缀
词缀
含义
例词
-er
人或工具
cooker teacher
-or
人
doctor actor
-ist
……者;……家
artist novelist
-man
人
postman chairman
-(i)an
人;……国人
musician Asian
-eer
……者;……家
engineer mountaineer
-ee
受……者
employee interviewee
-ese
……地方人;……国人
Chinese Japanese
-mate
有……关系人
roommate classmate
-ance
性质,状况,行动,过程,总量
appearance performance
-ence
difference independence
-ing
动作,职业,东西,器物
feeling sightseeing
-tion
education information
-sion
decision television
-ment
行为的结果或方式
development equipment
-age
活动,身份,状态,费用,集合
marriage shortage
-dom
状态,领域
freedom kingdom
-ness
性质,状态
happiness illness
-graph
文字,书写
autograph paragraph
-hood
身份,地位,生活状况
childhood neighborhood
-ics
学科或某种活动
politics physics
-phone
声音的工具
telephone microphone
-ship
状态,身份,职务
friendship leadership
-ism
……主义
socialism pessimism
-ery
性质,行为,习惯
discovery slavery
-al
动作,过程
arrival denial
-ability
能力
capability availability
-ibility
能力
possibility responsibility
-ty
loyalty safety
-ure
failure pleasure
-y
difficulty discovery
-ology
学科
biology ecology
2.形容词后缀
词缀
含义
例词
-able
显示……性质或特点的,可被……的,适于……的
comfortable suitable
-ible
(同上)
terrible horrible
-al
属于…的
national musical
-ant
important pleasant
-ent
different intellight
-ary
necessary ordinary
-ive
有……倾向/性质的
active attractive
-y
windy dirty
-ed
excited interested
-ing
exciting interesting
-ese
……地方或国家的
Chinese Japanese
-ful
充满……的, 具有……性质的
careful colorful
-ian
……地方或国家人的
Asian American
-ish
像或有点……一样的
childish selfish
-less
没有……的
careless hopeless
-like
像……的
childlike
-ly
具有……性质或特点的某……一次的
lovely yearly
-ous
具有……性质的
famous serious
-en
用……做成的
woolen wooden
-some
易于……的,会引起……的
troublesome tiresome
-ical
classical economical
-ic
classic economic
-free
carefree tax-free
-minded
open-minded absent-minded
-ological
学科的
biological ecological
3.动词后缀
词缀
含义
例词
-en
使变成
widen brighten
-ise/ize
使成为
apologize criticize
-(i)fy
使成为
purify simplify
4.副词后缀
词缀
含义
例词
-ly
……地
quickly suddenly
-ward(s)
朝……方向
westward backward
5.表否定意义的前缀
词缀
含义
例词
dis-
不,相反
dislike disagree
il-
不、无、非
illegal illogical
im-
不、无
impossible immoral
in-
不、无、非
incapable incorrect
ir-
不、无
irregular irresistible
non-
不
nonsmoker nonstop
un-
不
unreal unlock
mal-
恶、
maltreat Malnutrition
mis-
误、错、
misunderstand Misuse
6.其他前缀
词缀
含义
例词
anti-
反对、防
anti-war anti-cancer
contra-
反对
contradict contradiction
counter-
反对
counter-attack counter-revolution
micro-
微
microscope microcomputer
mini-
小
minibus miniskirt
over-
超过
overuse overlook
under-
不足、少
underpay underestimate
vice-
次的,低一级的
vice-president vice-chairman
ex-
前任的,
ex-president ex-wife
fore-
先、预先
foretell foresee
mid-
midnight midsummer
pre-
前
prewar preschool
re-
再一次
restore rebuild
ex-
流放,向外
export
fore-
先,前
forehead foreleg
in-/em-/en-/im-
在内,进入
embody, enroll, intake,
import, immigrate
inter-
在…中间,相互的
international interact
out-
在上面,在外部
outdoor outflow
over-
过分的,过量的,其他
overwork overhear
post-
在…之后
postscript post-war
pre-
在前
preface preview
sub-
在……之下
subway sub-conscious
super-
在……之上, 超级的
superpower supermarket
tele-
远距离的
telephone telegram
trans-
越过、横过
transport transplant
under-
在…下面
underground underwater
up-
向上,在上
upward uphill
bi-
两、二
bilingual bicycle
co-
共同的
cooperate co-exist
kilo-
千
kilometer kilogram
semi-
半
semi-circle semi-official
milli-
千分之一
milligram millimeter
uni-
一、单
unify union
multi-
多
multinational multiform
tri-
三
triangle tricycle
auto-
自己、自动
autobiography autograph
extra-
已外、超过
extra-large extra-thin
vice-
副、次
vice-chairman vice-premier
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