英语句子成分讲解及句子类型.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,#,取得英语语法成功的基石,句子成分,词类,作 用,例 词,1.,（,n.,）名 词,表示人或事物的名称。,I bought,a book,.,She is,a student,.,2.(pron.,）,代词,代替名词、数词等。,This,is,my,friend.,He,likes,that,book because,it,is very useful to,him,.,Parts of Speach,3.,（,adj.,）,形容词,表示人或事物的特征或性状。,He is,small,but he is,clever,.,The,red,pen is,useful,for the teacher.,He painted the wall,white,yesterday.,4.(num.,）数词,表示数目或顺序。,There are,ten,apples on the table and I will take,the first,one.,5.,（,v.,）动 词,表示动作或状态。,We,are,working,hard at English.,I,want,to become,an engineer.,6.,（,adv.,）副 词,表示动作的特征或性状特征。,I like English,very much,.,The teacher treats us,kindly,.,The train goes,fast,.,He,seldom,comes to see us.,7.(prep.,）介 词,表示名词、代词和其他词之间的关系。,He usually stay,at,home,on,Sundays.,8.,（,conj.,）连词,连接词与词或句与句的作用。,He,and,I are in the same class,and,we are good friends.,Two,or,three of us can dance well,but,I can,t.,9.(interj.,）感叹词,表示强烈的感情,Oh,!,How,beautiful the scene is!,What,a good idea!,Goodness,!,10.,（,art.,）冠词,用来限制名词的意义,I have,a,pet dog.,The,dog is very lovely.,He is,an,old man but very strong.,一、主语,主语（,subject,）：,句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于,_,。,1.,Lucy,likes her new bike.,2.,We,work hard.,3.,To learn a foreign language,is not easy.,4.,Playing,football after school,is great fun.,句首,1.We,love,China.,2.She,seems,tired.,3.He,can speak,English,4.We,have finished,reading this book.,二、谓语,谓语,:,说明主语,做什么,或,怎么样,。通常由,_,充当,.,动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词,.,动词,实义动词,连系动词,情态动词,助动词,（,V.,）,情态动词,和,助动词,不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语,.,They,can speak,English well.,They,are playing,over there.,1,）,状态,系动词,，用来表示主语状态，只有,be,（,am,is,are,was,were,been,being,）一词,He,is,a teacher.,2,）,持续,系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有,keep,remain,stay,He always,kept,silent at meeting.,他开会时总保持沉默。,系动词,3,）,表像,系动词，用来表示,看起来像,这一概念，主要有,seem,appear,look,例如：,He looks tired.,He seems(to be)very sad.,4,）,感官,系动词，主要有,feel,smell,sound,taste,This flower smells very sweet,.,5,）,变化,系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,He became mad after that.,6,）,终止,系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有,prove,turn out,The rumor proved false.,这谣言证实有假。,His plan turned out a success.,他的计划终于成功了。,谓语,（,V.,）,实义动词,连系动词,情态动词,助动词,三、宾语,宾语,：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在,_,或,_,后面,.,1.We study,English.,2.Our teacher,said,that he would go there.,3.He is looking at,the dog,.,双宾语,：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。,He gave,me,two books,.,及物动词,介词,表语,：跟在,连系动词,后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态,.,The trees,turn,green.,The flowers,are,beautiful.,My job,is,to teach you English.,The question,is,how we can get there.,四、表语,定语：用来修饰限定,_.,This is a,red,car.,The building is,their teaching,building.,The,woman,doctor is my wife.,I have something,to tell you,.,The man,in front of the gate,is Mr.Li.,Every,student has an,English,book.,五、定语,名词,状语,：,修饰,动,词、,形,容词、,副,词或,全句,，说明,时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的,等。,六、,状语,John,often,came,to chat with me,As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.,She is sitting,at the desk,doing her homework.,My father worked,in this school ten years ago.,Though he is young,he knows a lot.,He came,running.,(,程度 目的,),（地点 伴随）,（地点 时间）,（让步）,（方式）,(,原因,),补语,是用于补充说明,主语,或,宾语,的身份或特征。,七、,补语,Everyone calls him,Jack.,（宾补）,He is called,Jack.,（主补）,同位语,是位于,名词,或,代词,后,面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明,The Great Wall,one of the wonders in the world,attracts a large number of foreign friends.,八、,同位语,一、,主语,主语可以用下面这些东西表示：,1.,The sun,rises in the east.,（）,2.,He,likes dancing.,（）,3.,Two,will be enough.(),4.,Seeing,is believing.,（）,6.,To see,is to believe.,（）,7.,When to hold the meeting,has not been decided yet.(),8.,What he needs,is a book.,（）,9.,It,is very clear,that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.,（）,名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,疑问词,+,不定式,从句,It,作形式主语，,that,从句是真正的主语,当,不定式、动名词或从句,在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用,it,作形式主语,置于,句首,，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时,it,只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。,什么情况下用,it,作形式主语？,你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗,?,你懂得翻译下列句子吗？,1)It is wrong to tell a lie.()2)It is no use arguing about it.()3)It is uncertain who will come.(),说谎是错误的。,争吵是没用的。,谁要来还不确定。,二、,宾语,宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：,1.She lived,a happy life,.(),2.I love,you,.(),3.We need,two,.(),4.Do you mind,my opening the door,?(),5.He began,to learn English a year ago,.(),6.He did not know,what to say,.(),7.Did you write down,what she said,?(),8.She felt,it,her duty,to take good care of them,.,(),名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,疑问词,+,不定式,从句,It,作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语,二、,表语,表语可以用下面这些东西表示：,He is,a teacher,.(),My idea is,this,.(),She was,the first,to arrive.(),I feel much,better,today./I must be,off,now.(),He is,out of danger,.(),The news was,exciting./,They were,excited,at the news.(),What surprised me most was,that he spoke Chinese so well,.(),名词,代词,数词,从句,形容词,/,副词,介词短语,分词,三、,定语,定语可以用下面这些东西表示：,Its a,red,car.(),They live in the room,above,.(),My,brother is a teacher.(),We belong to,the third,world.(),Lucys father is a,poor,worker.(),Mother made a,birthday,cake for me.(),The man,under the tree,is my teacher.(),The,swimming,boy is,my brother./The boy,swimming in the river,is my brother.(),形容词,副词,代词,数词,名词所有格,名词,介词短语,现在分词,三、,定语,定语可以用下面这些东西表示：,I liked the food,cooked by my mother,./,Retired,people have a good time at home.(),There are two things,to be discussed,today.,（）,Will you tell us about your,teaching,plan?,（）,This is the very book,that I need.,（）,过去分词,不定式,动名词,从句,四、,状语,状语可以用下面这些东西表示：,He is,often,late for class.(),We saw that picture,at the cinema,.(),He sat there,smoking,.(),They returned,tired and hungry,.,（）,They did everything they could,to save the boys life.,（）,Although he is young,he knows a lot.(),The box is so heavy,that I cant lift it.,(),副词，程度,介词短语，地点,分词，伴随,不定式，目的,形容词，状态,让步状语从句,结果状语从句,四、,状语,状语可以用下面这些东西表示：,While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.,（）,He was angry,because we were late,(,）,If it rains tomorrow,we wont go out.(),时间状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句,五、,宾语补足语,：,I consider Jim,a good friend,.(),I always find her,happy,.(),People praised him,as a hero,.(),I had the TV,fixed,.(),I saw him,entering,the building.(),What made you,think,so?(),Do you want me,to go,?(),形容词,名词,介词短语,过去分词,现在分词,省略掉,to,的不定式,不定式,英语句子的种类,简单句,(simple sentence),只包含一个主谓结构,They are playing baseball in the garden.,Her brother and sisiter are both teachers.,并列句,(compound sentence),Her father is a doctor,and,her mother is a teacher.,I liked the story very much,but,Li Ming wasnt intereted in it.,Hurry up,or,youll be late.,由,and,but,or,so,这四个并列连词连接，而“，”逗号是不能连接两个简单句的。,复合句,(complex sentence),If he is all right tomorrow,he will come.,I went to bed afer I finished my homework.,连词,主句,从句（状语）,主句,连词,从句（状语）,简单句的,五种基本句型,英语五种基本句型,列式如下：基本句型一：,（主谓）,基本句型二：（主系表）基本句型三：,（主谓宾）,基本句型四：,（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：,（主谓宾宾补）,基本句型一,主谓（,S+V,）,S+V,She cooks.,He is working.,What he said does not matter.,The pen writes smoothly.,基本句型一,主谓,S,V,She,cooks,He,is working,What he said,does not matter.,The pen writes smoothly.,基本句型二,主系表,S+V+P,He is happy.,Every thing looks nice.,His face turned red.,基本句型二,主系表,S,V,P,He,is,happy.,Everything,looks,nice.,His face,turned,red.,基本句型三,主谓宾,S+V+O,We study English everyday.,They are playing football.,He enjoys reading.,She said“Good morning.”,基本句型三,主谓宾,S,V,O,We,They,He,She,study,are playing,enjoys,said,English everyday.,football.,reading.,“,Good morning.,”,基本句型四,SV,（及物）,O,（多指人）,O,（多指物）,I give him a book.,My mother bought me a pen yesterday.,I showed him my picture.,基本句型四,S,V,（及物）,O,O,I,give,him,a book.,My mother,bought,me,a pen yesterday.,I,showed,him,my picture.,基本句型五,S+V,（及物）,+O(,宾语,)+C,（宾补）,We must keep the door open.,The news makes me happy.,We call him Jim.,He told me to wash the plates.,I saw a thief going into your room.,基本句型五,S,V,（及物）,O(,宾语,),C,（宾补）,We,must keep,the door,open.,The news,makes,me,happy.,We,call,him,Jim.,He,told,me,to wash the plates.,I,saw,a thief,going into your room.,