从《傲慢与偏见》看简奥斯汀的的理智与情感 毕业论文（设计）.pdf

山东大学硕卜学位论文摘要婚姻与爱情是人类社会永恒的话题.无论什么形式的婚姻，人们都想得到幸福.但是如何才能得到真正的幸福呢？什么样的婚姻才是真正幸福的婚姻呢？这个问题 困扰了人类上千年.然而，现实主义女作家简奥斯汀，早在二百年前就用她独特的 视角向人们揭示了美满婚姻的内涵，提倡一种爱情与社会关系并重而又以爱情为基础 的婚姻，也就是本论文要阐明的理智与情感并重的婚姻观在奥斯汀看来，婚姻不仅 是男人和女人的事，它也是一定社会关系的产物所以不同时期的婚姻观也反映了不 同社会关系和文化差异.从某种意义上说，一篇优秀的、现实地反映婚姻爱情的小说,比起所谓文学上推宠的“爱情至上”的文学作品更能引发人们对现实生活的深思.在傲慢与偏见一书中，奥斯汀成功地将她的主人公伊丽莎白塑造成集智慧 与美丽于一体的化身.伊丽莎白有近乎完美的特质，她美丽、聪明、热爱阅读；勇敢、独立、自我认知她是奥斯汀所有作品中评价最高的人物；她是独特的：是“稀世珍 宝”；是奥斯汀理想女性的化身.傲慢与偏见这部小说比起奥斯汀其他作品，在语 言上更明快，更犀利，更富有内涵.其作品中鲜明的人物塑造，趣味横生的对白场景 也使人回味无限.从表面上看她的作品是为人们提供了茶余饭后的谈资笑料，但谈笑 过后，却能给人以深刻的启迪。论文共分四个章节。通过对文中几种婚姻的对比分析，奥斯汀表达了自己对幸福 婚姻的见解.即不管男女，都有选择伴侣的自由和权利只有对个人有全面的了解，自己的选择具有客观的道德和社会价值标准，这样的婚姻才是理智的.爱情加上理智 的婚姻，才能使夫妻双方相互尊重、相互信任，双方才会真正的心灵交触，整个婚姻 才会充满着爱，这样的婚姻才是幸福的.而第一章是全文的引言部分，分析了奥斯汀时代妇女的处境。对当时的年轻女性来 讲，女性附属于男性的社会地位使女性完全丧失了独立的人格和尊严.女性一生的任 务就是给自己找一个衣食无忧的归宿，这个归宿无疑就是婚姻。婚姻是她生活的全部 希望和奋斗的目标，也是提高自己的经济地位和社会地位的主要途径奥斯汀对此有 着切身体验.奥斯丁以她特有的智慧，洞察了造成女性可悲的根源，在作品中表达了 她的女权主义思想以及她对理想婚姻的渴望。山东大学硬卜学位论文论文的第二章，由第一章的理论分析联系到夏洛蒂的纯理性的婚姻在当时社会的 可行性并通过分析伊丽莎白和达西在选择婚姻伴侣中的理性行为，表达出作者对当 时盛行的这种理性婚姻的无奈的肯定论文的第三章对比第二章中对理性婚姻的阐述，表达了奥斯汀对感性婚姻的向往 以及作者内心世界对纯洁爱情的渴望与追求.通过对比分析小说中两姐妹在对待自己 情感上的不同表现，奥斯汀赞扬了像伊丽莎白和达西那样，为追求自己的爱情而努力 克服种种外界干扰，最终得到自己想要的幸福的这种勇气.论文的最后一章，也是本论文的中心.阐述了奥斯汀理想的婚姻价值观，即基于 平衡的理智与情感上的婚姻.奥斯汀反对纯粹建立在经济基础上的理性婚姻，也反对 不顾经济基础而缔结的感性婚姻.理性婚姻没有爱情作后盾，所成就的婚姻在表面上 看起来很理想，但事实上是不道德的；而感情用事往往只会带来痛苦，也不会有理想 的结果奥斯汀眼中最理想的婚姻，就是体现爱情与社会关系的完善结合的婚姻.奥 斯汀从女性的婚姻生活感悟到了理性对女性的重要性.但她没有否定情感.她反对过 分的理智，也不赞成情感的冲动，主张理智与情感的和谐统一主张婚姻应以爱情为 基础，兼顾物质利益总之，奥斯汀的傲慢与偏见一书自始至终体现出了一种平衡之美.从人与人 之间的互让、平等，到人与社会的平衡，再到家庭与社会的平衡，最终的落点在婚姻 中的平衡，从而形成了一个平衡的整体，是融思想性与艺术性于一体的杰作本文作 者觉得有必要对贯穿于奥斯汀小说中的平衡的理智与情感理论进行系统的梳理和评 论，以便读者能从新的角度更深刻地体会奥斯汀的内心世界关键词：理智、情感、婚姻、幸福山东大学研卜学他论文ABSTRACTToday,more and more young people use rational way to deal with their marriage.However,no matter what form the marriage takes,people want happiness.But how could we get happy marriage?What kind of view of marriage is right?The problems have been eternal theme that harassed peoples minds fbr thousands of years.However,Jane Austen-a realistic woman writer,brought us a fresh wind about the view of happy marriage two centuries ago.According to Austen,s view,marriage not only involves the man and the woman concerned but also is the product of certain social relations.So the view of marriage of a certain time is bound to reflect related social values and cultural concq)ts.In this sense,a well-written,realistic love story may provide more profound thoughts about love and marriage than some scholarly works about the so-called important subjects”of love.Austens view of marriage advocates the blend of sense and sensibility and the agreement between ideal and reality.In Pride and Prejudice,Austen successfully makes the heroines as the central intelligences of the works,and by allowing these heroines to come to a gradual internal awareness of the insufficiency of their outlooks.Different from Elinor and Marianne in Sense and Sensibility.Elizabeth has qualities of unity of sense and sensibility.Austen gives her heroine own gaiety,high spirit and courage,wit and readiness,good sense and right sensibility.Elizabeth has perhaps received more admiration than any other heroine in Austens works.She is unique.Austen embodies her personal values in Elizabeth and is delighted with the result.Compared to her other works,Pride and Prejudice is much lighter,brighter,more sparkling,and more competent.The more important.Austen defused the thematic conflict between sense and sensibility_or reason and feeling,or realism and romance that troubled her in Sense and Sensibility.This paper is divided into four chapters to encompass the relationship of sense and sensibility in different views of marriage.It tries to explore that the correct view of marriage is the product of balanced sense and sensibility and the embodiment of flexibility rather than ideal hopeless constancy.山东大学硬上学位论文The first chapter is a literary analysis of Pride and Prejudice.It focuses on how various characters relationship to the societal situation makes marriage.In this chapter,Austen shows from a special angle womens difficult situation in her time and the hostility and harm to the women brought by the feudal patharchic society.This chapter is also devoted to the analysis of Jane Austens view of marriage.Austen advocates the blend of sense and sensibility and the agreement between ideal and reality.Sense and sensibility also come together in the novel to show that they are complementary in marriage.Chapter Two discusses in some depth about Austens view of marriage based on sense,lb Austen,human is a complexity of mixed goodness and flaws.Marriage doesnt have such romantic factors when it comes to reality.Nobody can go against the social trend,so the marriage of Mr.Collins and Charlotte is more rational and typical than that of Jane and Bingleys,and will be easily accepted by women in Austens time.Through the discussion of the rationality of Charlotte Lucass marriage,the author explains how wealth,system,status,prestige,need affect the would-be brides and grooms in the marriage market.The author presents the reconciliation of conflicting factors in Pride and Prejudice to analyze the forces that sustain the order of the society.The conflicts reflect the contradictions between the inside and the outside world.Chapter Three talks about Austens view of marriage based on sensibility.Through Elizabeth and Janes marriage,Austen shows the power of love and happiness to overcome class boundaries and prejudices.Love is always a theme in Jane Austens works.Through the marriage of Elizabeth and Darcy,Austen provides us with a fairy-tale-like ideal marriage of her times.Elizabeth is something like Cinderella while Darcy the Prince.Although they are not equal in social class or in fortune,they possess the same intelligence and sensibility.They share the same attitude to marriage,that is,the mutual love is the basis for a marriage.The last chapter centers on the main idea of the paper.Balanced sense and sensibility lead to happy marriage.Jane Austen already knew that nothing comes unmixed,that qualities which may exist in pure isolation as abstractions only occur in people in combination with other qualities.Austens feminine consciousness in her view of marriage is quite obvious.Her works are all heroine-centered domestic fictions emphasizing that 山东大学硕卜学位论文womens marriage should be based on the harmony of sense and sensibility;on the agreement of ideal and reality,on the equality between men and women.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the importance of sense and sensibility in happy marriage.Through the depiction of some cultural background of womens marriage in Austen*s time and the economic status and property elements that influenced their marriage,we can obtain a further understanding of Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice,as well as the authors sharp observation and profound comprehension of life.Key words:Sense;Sensibility;Marriage;Happiness山东大学硬L学付论文IntroductionThere is a saying that literature somehow aims at studying society.Literature gives a faithful representation of life and thought of mankind.Whafs more,each work of literature has its own theme,emblem and fascination,which brings the readers endless aftertaste and consideration so is Austen*s Pride and Prejudice.Pride and Prejudice is about trivial matters of love,marriage and family life between country squires and fair ladies in Britain in the 18th century.In her work,Austen fully expresses her view of marriage.From the novel,we can get a comprehensive understanding of womens social status in pre-Victorian English country society of the 1810s and Austens consciousness of feminism;it enables us both to understand earlier time better and to examine with greater insight our own attitudes and actions within the moral and social conditions of life in our own time,and it also enables us to determine ways in which our decisions about love,marriage,and proper behavior reflect our own truths about what is ultimately ri助t and wrong.This is also the practical value to our nowadays people.Elizabeth Bennet is the heroine of Pride and Prejudice.She has perhaps received more admiration than any other heroine in English literature.She is bom in a common middle class without plentiful dowry,so it is difficult for her to many a gentleman in Austens time.However,she gets very good education as a daughter of a gentleman,and she herself is keen on reading.By reading,her knowledge is widened and her perception is sharpened.Her easy,unaffected personality and lively talents make the unconsciously arrogant and enormously wealthy upper-class young gentleman-Darcy fall in love with her.The novel begins with a series of misunderstandings between Darcy and Elizabeth_the conflict between two diflferent social stratums and ends with Darcy and山东大学硕I学位论文Elizabeths true love-the coordination between two different social stratums.It is essentially the story of how the two lovers overcome all obstacles-including their own personal failingsto find ideal marriage.Darcy and Elizabeths marriage shows the power of love and happiness to overcome class boundaries and prejudices.The emphasis of this novel lies in the perfect marriage that arrived at the combination of physical life and mental life.Austen uses the characters of the novel to show her consciousness of women.She describes various ladies and several subordinating gentlemen,giving prominence to the heroine Elizabeths intelligence,self-knowledge,courage,and independence.Austen presents her heroine as an active speaker to tell womens own stories and their own feelings.In her novel,Austen denies the marriage without love.She also disapproves the marriage with little fbmme.According to Austens view,both money and social relations-balanced sense and sensibility is a necessity in marriage in her time.As we all know,sense and sensibility are all virtues,but drawing an absolute line between them easily leads to fallacies.Meaningful sensibility can not do without coordination of sense.In Austens works,“sense and sensibility are a perpetual、interdependent and mutually repelling theme.They both are contradictory,interdependent and interwoven complex.The author not only expresses her own conflicting ideas in spiritual life but also makes use of it in depiction of her protagonists.Accordingly,her protagonists are always presented with the contradictory personality of being interdependent but mutually repelling.As a realistic novelist,Jane Austens view of marriage expressed in her works is actually a true portrayal of the marital status in her time,especially of women of the gentry class.She was among the first English women to break the male monopoly of novel writing.She brought the English novels,and has been loved and criticized for almost 200 years.Austens works always do not touch upon important historical or political 2山东大学初上学位论文subjects.This might be called the limitation of Austen.But through the simple plot,we can see Austens brilliantly witty,elegantly structured satire,sharp observation and profound comprehension of life.As readers of today,we are able to relate to the experiences of her characters,to put ourselves on their place,and to try to determine what we or those we know would do in similar situations.Thus,her novels remain fresh,providing not only an enjoyable read but an opportunity to examine human nature in a different historical setting.These make her adopt an acceptable style to achieve her purpose,and the smooth surface and dramatic effect of her writing delight her readers,thus Jane Austen has enjoyed steadily growing popularity;especially in the 20th century,and she has sometimes been ranked among the truly great English novelists by critics and literary historians.There are many scholars who have done such research.Among the so many scholars,Karen Newman suggests Elizabeth Bennets love for Darcy as more consciously economic than fits with modem tastes.The romance plot does not conceal economic motivations;rather it is articulated with those motivations in a manner that reveals how desire is mobilized by need.Karen Newman takes her point of departure by questioning the reading of Austen*s novels as if all their meanings were determined by their endings.She points out the need fbr critics,and especially feminists,to observe the contradictions that exist between differing stratums.The strategy of reading is especially important with Austen since her novels expose fundamental discrepancies between the ideology of love and marriage and its implicit economic motivation.Judith Newton recognizes that Jane Austens novels can be read as supporting the conservative view of womens role as ideally that of wife and moral guardian,and that the romance of Pride and Prejudice works as a compensatory fantasy fbr womens importance.Adams Margaret deserves attention fbr his thorough research of Observations on Austen in Married Society(1976).Works like Gregorys,Chapones,Penningtons,and Wests opened a wider and more specific discussion of Austen,advocating curricula that would best prepare the young woman for 3山东大学硕I学位论文the role in life that each author considered proper.They also advocated equal education along with greater opportunity for women to fill a greater variety of roles,both in the home and in society.On the basis of all the former research,this thesis intends to address such problems:No feeling is extremely pure and no motive is definitely single.It is not sensible to marry for money,but it is silly to marry without money;marriage is associated with property but social status,but it is not resolved by them.Those who can properly deal with the relationship between sense and sensibility reach happiness.4山东大学硬f学位论丈Chapter OneAn Overview of Jane Austens Pride and PrejudiceLook through her six novels,among which Pride and Prejudice is the most famous one,which deals with the life of common people and marriages in the countryside.As for her other worics,Austen typically reflects her view of mamage.There are four major marriage types in this novel:the marriage of sensible Elizabeth and decent Darcy involves both sense and sensibility;the marriage of mediocre Charlotte and vulgar Collins includes sense but no sensibility;the marriage of pleasant Bingley and mild Jane is based on sensibility;the marriage of empty-minded Lydia and dissolute Wickham brings them neither sense nor sensibility.In her work,Austen meticulously and humorously describes the life of the country gentry of her time,thus vividly revealing the class relationships,social customs and social morals at that time.There are neither heroic passions nor astounding advennires in Austens novels.What she is concerned with is only how a marriageable genteel-class woman could find a satisfactory husband.Some people marry just for the sake of ensuring their living against starvation and cold;some marry just out of their sexual desire regardless of the consequences;some marry for acquiring more money.It is obvious that Jane Austen doesnt approve of su