中考英语语法介词复习讲义.docx

中考英语语法介词复习讲义考点1:表时间的介词at, on, in的区别：at多指“点时间”,如:钟点 at nine oclock;某时亥！I at a quarter past two;在晚饭时at supperon多指“具体某天或某天的早中晚以及时间前有形容词修饰等”如：在 1999年5月 1 号那天on May 1st 1999;在星期天早上on Sunday morning;在一个寒冷的夜晚on a cold night。in多指“段时间”,1the eighteenth century;在2003年 in 2003;在春天in spring;在六月in June;在早上in the morning;在他20多岁时in his twenties.(2)before, after和in的区别：before是指“在之前”,如：在5点钟前before five oclock;在星期五前before Friday.after和in是指“在之后:其后接“一段时间”时，in与将来时连用，after 一般 与过去时连用 o she will be back in two weeks (months, years).她两个星期(月，年) 之后回来。She came back after a week.她一个星期后回来。假设后面接的是一个“时间点时，只用after。She will arrive after two oclock.她在2点后到达。(3)since和for的区别:31 was a boy, with dark glasses and old clothes, and 32 bright red at the front. He had started to eat my chocolate!Naturally, I was rather uneasy about him, but I didnt want to have any 33 . I just read the newspaper, tasted my coffee and took a bit of chocolate. The boy looked at me in 34 .Then he took a 35 piece of my chocolate. I could hardly believe it. Still I didnt say anything to him. When he took a third piece, 1 felt more angry than uneasy. I thought, 4Wcll, I shall have the last piece. And I got it.The boy gave me a strange look, then 36 up. As he left, he shouted out, “Theres something 37 with that woman!” Everyone looked at me, 38 I didnt want to quarrel with the boy, so I kept quiet. I did not realize that I had 39 a mistake until I finished my coffee and was ready to 40 . My face turned red when I saw my unopened chocolate under the newspaper. The chocolate that I had been eating was the boys!()26. A. stoleB.boughtC. soldD. wrote()27. A. wentB. satC. seatedD. looked()28. A. sitB. seatC. lieD. laugh()29. A. pushedB. tookC. putD. pulled()30. A. jumpingB. playingC. sittingD. sleeping()31. A. HeB. ItC. WhoD. What()32. A. cutB. washedC. coveredD. colored()33. A. coffeeB. troubleC. chocolateD. matter()34. A. carelessnessB. angerC. surpriseD. happiness()35. A. firstB.secondC. veryD. last()36. A. stoodB. tookC. criedD. looked()37. A. strangeB. wrongC. OKD. funny()38. A. andB. butC. soD. while()39. A. speltB. correctedC. madeD. found()40. A. finishB. leaveC. jumpD.shop两者与现在完成时连用时，since后接“时间点或过去时的一个句子”，for后接“时 间段I have been in China since 2000（时间点）.=I have been in China for 12 years（时间段）。我在中国 12年了。He has stayed in this school since he came here.自从他来到这里后,他就呆在这个 学校。（4）考点 1 专练：用at, in, on, before, after, since, for 填空Jacky was born July 11th, 1998.1 was born July 1st, 1998. So I wasborn ten days him.1. We have four classes the daytime and two night.2. Harry has stayed here last night. He has been here 12 hours.4.1 will be out eight oclock tomorrow. And I will come back amonth.5. They get up 6:30 every morning. But yesterday they got up a quarterpast seven.考点2:表地点与位置的介词at和in的区别：al后接小地方，in接大地方。I live in Beijing while he lives at a small village in Yunnan.我住在北京,而他住在云 南的一个小村子里。in, on和to的区别:in表示两个地方是相属关系（即一个小地方属于大地方管辖）；on表示两个地方相 接（即两个地方是连接在一起的）;to表示两个地方相隔（即两个地方中间是隔开 的）。如：Guangdong is in the south of China.广东在中国南部。（广东属于中国的一问局部） Guangdong lies on the east of Guangxi.广东在广西的东部。（广东广西是连接在一 起的）China is lo Ihe wesl of Japan.中国在日本的西部。（中国日本隔海相望）（3）across, through, over的区别:across指外表上过；through指中间穿过；over指上空过。The old man went across the road carefully.老人小心地从路面上走过。The sunlight went into the room through the window.阳光透过窗户进入房间。Look, a bird is flying over the tall building.看，一只小鸟正飞过高楼。（4）in front of 与in the front of 的区别：in front of指物体外的前面;in the front of指物体内的前部。如：There is a tall tree in front of my house.在我屋前有一颗大树。（树在屋外）Can you see the desk in the front of the classroom?你能看见在教室前面的桌子吗? （桌子在教室里面）（5）in the wall与on the wall; in the tree与on the tree的区别： in the wall指在墙里面；on the wall指在墙外表；in the tree指在树上的外来物；on the tree指树上本身长出的果实等。There is a window in the wall.墙上有个窗户（窗户在墙里面）。A beautiful picture is hung on the wall.一幅漂亮的画被挂在墙上（画在墙的外表）。 Tom put a bag in the apple tree and then he picked the apples on the tree.汤姆把书包 挂在苹果树上，然后摘树上的苹果。（书包是外来物，而苹果是树本身长出来的） （6）考点2专练:用at, in, on, to, across, through, over, in front of, in the front of 填 空 1.1 will arrive the airport London next Wednesday.2 .Hunan is the south of China. But its the south of Hubei andthe north of Hainan.3 .There is a bridge the river. And he often walks the bridge to playwith his friends.4 .At last he walked the forest and saw a village.5 .Your mother is looking fbr you the classroom. You cant standthe classroom to meet her. You have to go out to meet her.6 .There is a hole the front wall and there is an air conditioner theback wall.7 .Can you see the oranges the tree? Just pick them and put them thebag the tree.考点3.其他常用的介词：(1 )besides, except, but的区另!j:besides是指“除外,还有”,表示加的概念;except指“整体中除去一局部”，表示减的概念；but常用于否认搭配nothing but,或nobody but表示“只有，仅有”的意思。I have to learn math, Chinese, politics besides English.我除了英语外还必须学数学, 语文，政治。We go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday.除了 星期六和星期天，我们 天天要上学。Theres nobody but Tom in the classroom.教室里只有汤姆在。(2)in与with的区别：两者都表示“用”，由后接语言，颜色，笔墨等，且in和后面的名词之间一般没有其他词；with接具体手段与工具。且with与后面的名词之间一般有其他词。：He told us the story in English.他用英语给我们讲故事。(in后直+English,中间没其他词)Please color this cloth in red.请把这块布染成红色。Kate wrote a letter in ink.凯特用墨水写了这封信。He hit my window with a stone.他用石头砸我的窗。(with和stone中间有词a)表交通方式的介词：一般情况下用by+交通工具的单数名词。要是介词与交通工具的名词间有限定词, 那么介词不能用by,要用相应的in或者on。具体如下：by bus = on.bus; by bike = on .bike;by plane = on.plane;by train = on .train;by ship = on .ship;by boat = in .boat;by car = in.car;by subway = in .subwayI often go to school by bus.我常常坐公交车上学。(by和bus间没限定词).He went to cinema by bike. = He went to cinema on a bike.他昨晚坐单车去电影 院。(前句by和bike间没限定词，而后句on和bike间有限定词a).(4)with和 without:with表示“和一起，具有等意思，without那么表示“没有”等意思，与with相 反。China is a country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国家I want to go to the park with you.我想和你去公园。Fish will die without water.没有水鱼就会死。(5).考点3专练：besides, except, but, in, with, by, on, without 填空We need 20 more people to help us Class land Class 2.1. I do well in all the subjects English.2. There is nothing new in the rooma TV.3. 一Whats this English? 一Its an apple. Now you can cut it into halfa knife.4. Next week I will go to Mount Emei plane. But my parents would like togo there a train.6. You canl gohim考点4:固定搭配(1)短语类agree with 同意pay foi付钱give up放弃take off脱下，起飞send for派人去请depend on取决于on ones way to在去.的路上_ my permission.hear of听说laugh at 嘲笑prefer.to更喜 欢learn from向学习be full of=be filled with装满at once立刻，马上belong to 属于in a low voice 小声地out of breath上气不接下气on show=on display展览to ones surprise令惊奇的是in a hurry匆忙地by the end o倒. .为止on the left(right)在左(右)边with a smile带着微笑at the age of在岁时be made of (from)由制成be angry wilh对.生气be interested in对感兴趣be proud of对自豪in surprise惊讶地lake care of 照顾hear from收到来信go in for从事in public在公共场所in the sun在阳光下in trouble有麻烦on duty值日at last最后in order to目的是out of work失业al the same lime同时on the fai*m在农场be busy with忙于be strict with (in)对.严格catch up with赶上look forward to期盼out of sight看不见thanks to多亏help with帮肋hand in上交句子类.He walked into the classroom with a book in his hand.他手里拿着一本书走进 了教室。1) .Its very difficult for you to learn math.对你来说学数学很难。2) .Ifs kind of you to help me.帮了我你真好。3) .It took me two hours to finish my homework.我花2小时完成作业。4) .What about going out to play together?一起出去玩怎么样？5) .By the way, where will you go?顺便问一下，你要去哪里?6) . With the help of the teacher, I enter No. 1 Middle School.在老师帮助下,我考上了第一中学。7) .1 often practice my listening on (over) the radio.我常通过收听广播来练听力。8) . Jim studies English by asking the teacher for help.吉姆通过向老师求助的方式 学英语。9) .1 often go to sleep with my bedroom light on.我常常让卧室的灯亮着睡觉。1 l).Ifs time for supper. Lefs go to have it.该吃晚饭了 ,让我们去吃吧。12) .Thank you very much for sending me the present.非常感谢你给我寄来礼物。13) .My father stopped me from going to the net bar.我爸阻止我去网吧。14) .John hit Jim in the face(on the nose).约翰打在吉姆的脸上(鼻子上)。15) .Its a waste of time to do that again.再做那事是浪费时间。16) . Bill is standing between Tom and Mike.比尔正站在汤姆和迈克之间。17) . He works in the factory from 8:00 am to 9:00pm.他从早上8点到晚上9点都在 工厂工作。18) . We have nothing to do with the case.我们跟那个案子没关系。 一、巩固练习()1. Some volunteers from Beijing arrived in Shanghai April 29 to workfor the World Expo.A. onB. atC. ofD. to()2. Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo won the gold medal for China, so we are proudthem.A. inB. onC. forD. of()3.-Were all here Lily. Wheres she? 一Shes gone to the library.A. besideB. besidesC. exceptD. but()4. -How soon will the manager come back? -about three days.A. ForB. AfterC. InD.During ()5. -I joined the League May, 2008. What about you?-I have been a League member three years.A. in, for sinceB. on, inD. in,C. on, for()6. Yesterday morning Tony hurried to class his English book, so he hadto share Davids.A. withB. forC. withoutD. past()7. Shanghai lies the east of China and the northeast of Guangdong.A. in, toB. in, inC. to, toD. in, on()8. If you get on well your classmates, youll enjoy your school life more.A. toB. alC. withD. in()9. This jacket will cost you_ 15 and 20 dollars.A. fromB. betweenC. amongD. with()10.1 sit Linda. She is juston my left.A. next toB. in front ofC. behindD. onthe right()11. Lin Lin often practices English chatting with her American friends.A. inB. byC. forD. with()12. The young man walked the forest and came to a big river at last.A. onB. overC. throughD.across()13. There are two doors the wall.A. inB. onC. forD. of()14.You dont need to look every word in the dictionary while reading.A. forB. atC. outD. up()15. What did you eat breakfast this morning?A. onB. inC. forD. of()16. Here are some presents you our best wishes.A. to, withB. for, withC. of, aboutD. for,for()17.The plane took off 15 minutes ago. We have to go there a train.A. inB. onC. byD. for()18. Its very foolish you to make the same mistake again.A. forB. ofC. inD. to()19. Dont worry it. You have nothing to do it.A. about, withB. about, against C. for, withD. for,on()20. Mr. Smith is a busy businessman. He works the morning thenight.A. in, atB. in, forC. between, andD.from, to()21. Its time lunch. Lucy and Lily are sitting the table.A. to, atB. at, forC. for, onD. for,at()22. It is dangerous _children toplayfire.A. for, withB. for, /C. to, withD. to, /()23. John hit Bob _A. in the faceB. on his faceC. in faceD. bythe face()24. If you spend more time_ your study, I am sureyou will do wellthem.A. in,inB. on, onC. on, inD. in,on()25 Marx began to learn Russian his fifties.A. inB. atC. forD.since01-05 ADCCA06-I0CACBA11-15 BCADC16-20 BBBAD21-25 DAACA二.完形填空。三.完形填空：Last Friday, after doing all the family shopping in the town. I wanted to have a rest before catching the rain. I 26 a newspaper and some chocolate and 27 into the station coffee shop. It was a cheap self-service place with long tables to 28 at. I put my heavy bag down on the floor, 29 the newspaper and the chocolate on the table and then went to get a cup of coffee.When I came back with the coffee, There was someone 30 in the next seat.