初中英语规则.docx

一、可数名词复数的规则变化：
1. 一般情况下，在名词词尾直接加s
book-books, pen-pens, girl-girls, cinema-cinemas, bridge-bridges, horse-horses,
2.以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词，在词尾加es
bus-buses, glass-glasses, dress-dresses, box-boxes, dish-dishes, brush-brushes, watch-watches, beach-beaches
注意：①以th结尾的名词，在词尾直接加s: mouth-mouths
②有些以结尾的名词，由于其发音是/k/,所以直接加s, 如：stomach-stomachs
3. 以元音字母加结尾的名词，在词尾直接加s
key-keys, boy-boys, monkey-monkeys, subway-subways,
以辅音字母加结尾的名词，变y为i再加es
baby-babies, strawberry-strawberries, country-countries ,story-stories ,activity-activities
4. 以字母o结尾的名词， 除了tomato、potato和hero(Negro, tobacco，volcano初中不作要求)加es外，其他都是在词尾加s:
zoo-zoos, photo-photos, radio-radios, piano-pianos, kilo-kilos, video-videos,
5. 以f或fe结尾的名词，把f或fe改成v再加es
half-halves, leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, shelf-shelves, life-lives, wife-wives, knife-knives,
也有直接加s或者两者都可以的：belief-beliefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, cliff-cliffs
可数名词的不规则变化
1. man-men, woman-women, child-children
2. foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese, mouse-mice
3. Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, deer-deer, sheep-sheep
二、一般现在时当主语是三单，谓语动词的变化形式
1. 一般情况下，在动词词尾直接加s
help-helps, come-comes, know-knows, find-finds, start-starts,
2. 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的动词，在词尾加es
guess-guesses, fix-fixes, teach-teaches, finish-finishes
3. 以元音字母加结尾的名词，在词尾直接加s：play-plays, say-says, buy-buys
以辅音字母加结尾的名词，变y为i再加es：study-studies, carry-carries,
4. 以字母o结尾的动词，在词尾加es：do-does, go-goes
三、现在进行时动词+ing形式的构成规则：
1. 一般情况下，在动词词尾直接加ing
go-going, ask-asking, look-looking, cross-crossing, learn-learning, sleep-sleeping
2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加ing
use-using, drive-driving, write-writing, make-making, take-taking, ride-riding
注意：see-seeing，agree-agreeing
3. 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加ing
get-getting, sit-sitting, put-putting, run-running, begin-beginning, swim-swimming, stop-stopping, cut-cutting, get-getting, forget-forgetting, hit-hitting, hit-hitting, shut-shutting, shop-shopping, drop-dropping, dig-digging, plan-planning, prefer-preferring, win-winning, spit-spitting, hiccup（打嗝）-hiccupping,
4. 三个以ie 结尾的动词， 改ie为y再加ing:
lie-lying, die-dying, tie-tying