商务英语专业四级考试术语解释.docx

商务英语专业四级考试术语解释1. global company : 跨国公司-a company that integrates its international biz activities- A multinational corporation or multinational enterprise is an organization, that owned or controls productions of goods or services in one or more countries other than the home country. （维基百科）2. joint venture : 合资企业-a partnership that is formed by two or more parties cooperating in some special biz activities.- a business or project in which two or more companies or individuals have invested, with the intention of working together. （柯林斯词典）3. merger & acquisition : 并购-combining of two or more entities through the direct acquisition by the net assets of the other.- transactions in which the ownership of companies, other business organizations or their operating units are transferred or combined.4. distribution channel: 分销渠道；销售渠道-all the organizations and people involved in the physical movement of goods and services from producer to consumer. 5. listed company : 上市公司-a company whose shares have been quoted by the Stock Exchange.- A public company, publicly traded company, publicly held company, publicly listed company, or public corporation is a corporation whose ownership is dispersed among the general public in many shares of stock which are freely traded on a stock exchange or in over the counter markets场外交易市场. （维基百科）6. Industrial complex : 工业生产基地-a manufacturing area that consists of many different factories turning out different products.7. brand recognition : 品牌认知（度）；品牌识别-a product or products that has or have been recognized and appreciated by local consumers.8. specialty shop : 专卖店-an outlet that deals in or sells a particular line of products.9. household name 家喻户晓的名字- a brand, person, company, etc. that is known to all or very popular in a place.10. loss-maker : 亏损企业-a biz that continually makes no profit.11. home country : 祖国，母国-the country on which a multinational corporations HQs is based.12. quota : 配额，定额，限额-a restriction on the quantity of imports of a particular product that a country impose.13. market economy : 市场经济-an economy in which the market is used to determine resource allocation, prices, and investments.14. new economy : 新经济-a different form of economy that is mainly supported by IT sector and characterized by knowledge-based economy instead of manufacturing.- an economic system that is based on computers and modern technology, and is therefore dependent on educated workers. （朗文词典）15. labor force : 劳动力-all of the people in a country or in a region that are employed or are likely to be employed in the future.16. bubble economy : -an economy that primarily depends on banking, financial market and other transient短暂的 operation.17. venture capital : 风险资本-funds that are invested in new plants or hi-tech startups open to large risk of loss.- Venture capital is capital that is invested in projects that have a high risk of failure, but that will bring large profits if they are successful.（柯林斯词典）18. biz cycle : 商业周期-A period of time that a biz goes through consists of four stages-boom繁荣, recession衰退, depression萧条, recovery复苏.19. stock market : 股票交易；证券市场，股票市场-a stock exchange that deals in stocks and shares.- the business of buying and selling stocks and shares.- a place where stocks and shares are bought and sold. （朗文词典）20. product life cycle : 产品生命周期-a theory stating that certain kinds of products go through a cycle consisting of four stages, namely, introduction投入期, growth成长期, maturity 饱和期and decline衰退期.21. Seed money=seed capital启动资金-the initial equity capital 股本used to start a new venture or biz.- the money you have available to start a new business. （朗文词典）22. liquidity 流动资产-available cash or the capacity to obtain it on demand.- In finance, a companys liquidity is the amount of cash or liquid assets it has easily available. 资产折现力23. exchange rate 汇率-the amount of one currency that can be bought with another.- the value of the money of one country compared to the money of another country。24. multinational company 跨国公司-a very large organization that owns companies in more than one country in order to obtain low-cost raw materials and make efficient use of a local workforce.25. money market 货币市场，金融市场-the institutions and practices through which short-term funds are channeled to borrowers and entrepreneurs.- A countrys money market consists of all the banks and other organizations that deal with short-term loans, capital, and foreign exchange. （柯林斯词典）- all the banks and other institutions that buy, sell, lend, or borrow money, especially foreign money, for profit. （朗文词典）26. collateral担保物，抵押品-property or an item of value acceptable as security抵押品 for a loan or other obligation. 被接受作为抵押或其他义务担保的财产- property or other goods that you promise to give someone if you cannot pay back the money they lend you. （朗文词典）27. Dow-Jones Industrial Average 道琼斯工业平均指数-an index of the share prices quoted on the New York Stock Exchange for a group of 30 leading industrial companies. 28. Blue chip 蓝筹股，优质股票-a stock that sells at high price because of public confidence in its long record of steady earnings.29. Nasdaq : 纳斯达克-national association of securities dealers automated quotations.全国证券交易商自动报价系统协会- The Nasdaq Stock Market is an American stock exchange. It is the second-largest exchange in the world by market capitalization, behind only the New York Stock Exchange 纽约证券交易所located in the same city. （维基百科）30. (insurance) policy 保险单 -the printed legal document stating the terms of insurance contract that is issued to the policy holder投保人 by company31. public relations 公共关系，公关 -PR, the activity of keeping good relationships between an organization and the people outside it.32. depression : 萧条，不景气-a period of drastic decline in a national or international economy, characterized by decreasing biz activity, falling prices, and unemployment.国家（或国际）经济不景气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业。33. Trade deficit 贸易赤字-imports minus exports of goods and services.34. Speculation投机 -engagements in risky biz transactions on the chances of quick or considerable profit35. Value added tax 增值税-an indirect tax imposed on consumption that is reflective of the incremental 增值的increases on the value of goods through the chain of production, from the raw material phase to final consumption.增值税是向消费征收的间接税，它反映了商品从原材料到最终消费的整个生产过程中的增加值。36. Fair trade 公平贸易-trade that conforms to a fair-trade agreement37. Subsidy 补贴-a payment or contribution paid for the manufacture, production, or export of a good or product.- financial benefit direct or indirect from government to producers or exporters.38. Rebate 减税，折扣 -a deduction from an amount to be paid or a return of part of an amount given in payment.39. tax exemption免税 -the freedom for having to pay tax40. FDI外国直接投资 -the funds committed to a foreign enterprise. An investor who buys 10 percent or more of the controlling shares of a foreign enterprise makes a direct investment. The investor may gain partial or total control of the enterprise.41. free trade 自由贸易-trade between nations without protective customs tariff.42. tariff 关税-duties or a duty imposed by a government on imported or exported goods.43. globalization 全球化-the increasing worldwide integration of markets for goods, services and capital that attracted special attention in the late 1990s.44. anti-dumping duty反倾销税-tariff levied on dumped imports.45. trade barrier 贸易壁垒-any barrier that may impede the import of goods, such as quota, testing or certification.46. import substitution 进口替代 -a strategy which emphasizes the replacement of imports with domestically made goods, rather than the production of goods for export, to encourage the development of domestic industry.47. arbitration 仲裁-the process by which the parties to a dispute submit their differences to the judgment of an impartial person or a group appointed by mutual consent or statutory provision（指定条款）48. balance sheet 资产负债表, 缩写 B.S.-a financial statement that reports the assets and equities of a company at a particular time. 一个公司或机构在指定日期的资产、负债和所有者投资的列表说明。49. return 收益-a profit or yield, as from labor or investment.50. cash flow现金流-The cash receipts or net income from one or more assets for a given period, reckoned after taxes and other disbursements, and often used as a measure of corporate worth.现金流出量：在特定的一段时间内来自一项或数项财产，扣除税收和其它支付金额外所得的现金收入或净收入，常用来衡量公司的价值51. labor-intensive 劳动密集型-requiring or having a large expenditure of labor in comparison to capital52. net earnings 净收益，净盈利-the net profit after all costs and expenses have been deducted.53. productivity 生产力 -the rate at which goods or services are produced, especially output per unit of labor.54. market share 市场份额-the proportion of total sales volumes of a certain market that a company captures.55. workforce 劳动力, 工人总数: the group of people who work in an industry, company, country.56. income disparity : inequality in income distribution.57. equity资产，股本 : common stock普通股 and preferred stock优先股 which represent ownership to a biz organization58. outsource外协生产 : to farm out包出 (work, for example) to an outside provider or manufacturer in order to cut cost. 外界供应：为缩减开支而把（如工作）包给外界的供应者或生产者59. lead time订货至交货的时间-the period of time between the actual ordering of parts or equipment and the delivery of them.60. acquisition收购 -when a company takes over another one and clearly becomes the new owner, the purchase is called an acquisition, also called takeover or buyout.61. initial public offering (IPO) 首次公开发行 -private companys first offer of its stock to the public62. merger 合并-the union or combination of two or more commercial interests or corporations.63. liquidity squeeze流动性短缺，头寸紧张-financial pressure caused by shortages of narrowing economic margins. - a reduction in the general availability of loans (or credit) or a sudden tightening of the conditions required to obtain a loan from the banks. （维基百科）64. reverse merger(借壳上市)-it is a special kind of acquisition that enables a private company to get publicly-listed in a relatively short time period. A reverse merger occurs when a private company that has strong prospects and is eager to raise financing buys a publicly-listed shell company(空壳公司)。65. horizontal merger横向合并-two companies that are in direct competition in the same products line and markets merger.vertical merger 纵向合并-merging with a company with different stage of production process, for instance, a car maker merging with a parts supplier.66. real estate 不动产，房地产-Land, including all the natural resources and permanent buildings on it.土地，包括土地上的所有自然资源和永久性建筑67. hedge fund 对冲基金公司-an investment company that uses high-risk techniques, such as borrowing money and selling short, in an effort to make extraordinary capital gains.68. GNP : the total market value of aggregate goods and services produced by a nation during a specified period, especially a year.69. return on investment (ROI) 投资回报率-a profit or yield from investment.70. bull market 牛市-a market, especially securities market, that is going up or expected to go up.Bear market 熊市- a general decline in the stock market over a period of time. （维基百科）