资源描述
Section Ⅳ Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing
Ⅰ.核心单词
根据音标及词义写出正确的单词
1．specific/spə'sɪfɪk/adj.特定的；明确的；具体的
2．struggle/'strʌɡl/n.& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
3._tongue/tʌ/n.舌头；语言
4．semester/sɪ'mestə(r)/n.学期
5．gas/ɡæs/n.汽油；气体；燃气
6．petrol/'petrəl/n.(gas)汽油
7．subway/'sʌbweɪ/n.(underground)地铁
8．apartment/ə'paːtmənt/n.公寓套房
9．gap/ɡæp/n.间隔；开口；差距
10._demand/dɪ'mɑːnd/n.要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要
vi.查问
11．vocabulary/və'kæbjələri/n.词汇
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据音标及词义写出正确的单词，并牢记拓展词汇
1._equal/'iːkwəl/n.同等的人；相等物
adj.相同的；同样的→equality n．平等；相等→equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地
2．description/dɪ'skrɪpʃn/n.描写(文字)；形容→describe (vt.)描述；形容；描绘
3．relate/rɪ'leɪt/vt.联系；讲述→relation n. 关系
Ⅲ.重点短语
根据汉语意思补全短语
1．point_of view 观点；看法
2．relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到
3．give_up 放弃
4._feel like 感觉像
5．used to 过去常常
6．get/be used to 适应，习惯于
7．compare... with ……与……相比较
8．depend on 依靠，取决于
9．be senior to 比……年长
10．aside from 除了……之外
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．“the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．..”意为“越……，就越……”
It was exercise for the brain: the_more_I learnt of a language, the_more my brain would grow.
这是对大脑的锻炼：我对一门语言学得越多，我的大脑就会增长得越多。
2．have trouble with sth./in doing sth.做某事有困难
I used to get high marks in English, but now I'm having_a_lot_of_trouble_with my listening. 我以前英语成绩很好，但是现在我的听力有很多问题。
3．动词＋疑问词＋to do 结构
I can't keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head, and I certainly can't remember_how_to_use_them all properly.
我不能把所有的新词汇都记在脑子里，当然我也记不得如何正确地使用它们。
Read the text on page 66 and then choose the best answer.
1．What is Liu Wen's biggest problem of learning English?
A．Speaking B．Listening
C．Reading D．Writing
答案：B
2．To get used to how fast native speakers talk, Jia Xin does except________.
A．Listening to English radio programmes.
B．Repeating what he hears.
C．Recording his voice.
D．Asking the radio host for help.
答案：D
3．What does the word “ bridge” in the sentence “..., so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us.”
A．消除，填补 B．架桥
C．桥梁 D．减少
答案：A
►第一板块|核心词汇诠释
1．struggle n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
( 教材P64)When I started studying German, it was a struggle.
当我开始学习德语时，这是一场奋斗。
struggle for 努力争取……；为……而斗争
struggle against/with 与……作斗争
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
①We have to struggle with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.
我们必须和来自国内外的各种各样的困难作斗争。
②After the accident, Tom struggled to his feet and dialed 119.
出事后，汤姆挣扎着站起来并拨打了119。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)Workers are struggling for a clean canteen and healthy food.
(2)She never gave up and struggled to_live (live) an active life.
(3)It was in 1862 that the American slaves won their struggle for freedom.,
名师指津： struggle 记住可用作n. 奋斗；难事”
It was a struggle for her to make him understand.让他理解对她来说真是难事。
2.point of view 观点；看法
( 教材P64)I had finally come to a place where I could think in this foreign language, and I could see the world from a different point of view.
我终于来到了一个可以用外语思考的地方，我可以从一个不同的角度看世界。
依某人看来
①From my point of view, you should turn to your teacher for help.
依我看来，你应该向老师求助。
②I respect your point of view, but I'm not sure I agree with you. 我尊重你的观点，但我还是不敢苟同。
[即学即练] 一句多译
在我看来，通过这些活动你可以更好地了解春节。
(1)In_my_opinion/view,_you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.
(2)As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.
(3)From_my_point_of_view,_you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.
名师指津：一定记住写作时“from my point of view; as far as I'm concerned”比in my opinion 高频哟！
3.equal n．同等的人；相等物； adj.相同的；同样的
( 教材P66)Our relationship is close and we're equals, so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us. 我们的关系很亲密，我们是平等的，所以我只需要几句话来弥补我们之间的差距。
(1)be equal to 等于
be equal to sth./doing sth. 胜任(做)某事
(2)A equals B in sth. A在某方面比得上B
(3) without equal 无人可比，无敌
equally adv. 同样地；平等地
①I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.
我知道，这会帮我们实现黑人和白人平等的梦想。
②Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.
曲折离奇的故事结尾给阅读者的喜悦是无与伦比的。
③Beethoven was a worldfamous musician, who had no equal in music.
贝多芬是世界著名的音乐家，在音乐方面无人能比。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)As far as I know, he is quite equal to the job.
(2)As far as I'm concerned, men and women must be treated equally_ (equal) in education.
(3)I don't think he is equal to doing (do) this kind of work.
发散思维：“适合做某事”大团圆：
be fit for sth.
be suitable for sth.
be equal to doing sth.
4.demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问
( 教材P66)But if I'm talking to someone who isn't very close to me, I must make my request longer — and I must make it a question, not a demand, e．g...
但是如果我和一个不是很亲近的人谈话，我必须使请求更长些——我必须是一个问题，而不是要求，比如……
(1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
meet one's demands 满足某人的需求
(2)demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand that...(should) do... 要求……
(3)demanding adj. 高要求的；要求严格的
①First, science graduates are in greater demand than art ones in China.
首先，在中国，对理科毕业生的需求比对文科生的更大。
②The manager promised that they would try to meet their customers' demands.
经理许诺他们会尽力满足顾客的需求。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)They think learning English well is one of the demands (demand) of modern society and will do good to us.
(2)The teacher demanded that the students should_be (be)on time to every class.
[链接写作] 词汇升级
普通表达The manager asked the workers to work hard to finish the task ahead of time.
高级表达The manager demanded_that the workers (should) work hard to finish the task ahead of time.
名师指津
牢记”meet one's demands” demands一定要用复数形式哟！
demand that …should ＋do 形式， should 可省略。
5.description n．描写(文字)；形容
( 教材P67)Does the writer give a clear description of the problem?
作者是否清楚地描述了这个问题？
(1)beyond description 无法形容；难以描述
(2)describe vt. 描述；形容；描绘
①He gave us a short description of the city.
他给我们简短地介绍了这个城市。
②It is difficult to describe how I feel now.很难形容我现在的感受。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)The beautiful sight of Mount Huangshan is beyond description.
(2)He gave us a clear description (describe) of the accident.
名师指津：give a．.. description of...描绘……要牢记该用法哟！
He gave us a short description of the accident.
他给我们简短地描述了这次事故。
6.relate vt.联系；讲述
( 教材P67)Does each sentence relate to the main idea? 每句话都与主旨有关吗？
(1)relate sth. to sb. 向某人讲述
relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到
(2)be related to 与……有关
(3)relation n. 关系；联系
in relation to 关于
①He later related the whole story to me. 他后来给我讲了整件事的来龙去脉。
②I have a lot to say in relation to this affair.关于这件事，我有很多话要说。
[即学即练] 单句写作
据说这部英文短片主要与我们学校发展有关。
It is said that the short English film is_mainly_related_to the development of our school.
名师指津： “relate”一大家族：
relate vt. 联系；讲述
related adj. 与……有关
unrelated adj. 不相关的
relation n. 关系
relationship n. 关系；联系
►第二板块|重点句型解构
1．句型公式： the＋比较级， the＋比较级 越……，就越……
(教材P64) It was exercise for the brain; the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow.
这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言学得越多，我的大脑就越灵活。
(1)the＋比较级， the＋比较级 越……，就越……
(2)the more..., the less... 越……，越不……
the more...the better... ……越多，……就越好
①The more he explained, the more confused I became.
他越解释我就越迷惑。
②As is known to us, the lazier a person is, the more things he needs to do tomorrow.
众所周知，一个人越懒，他明天要做的事情越多。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)The harder you work, the greater (great) progress you will make.
(2)The more careful you are, the fewer (few) mistakes you will make.
名师指津：看到”the＋比较级，the＋比较级 越……，就越……”句式，要注意特殊比较级的形容词。
good, well→better; best
bad; badly→worse; worst
many; much →more, most
little→less; least
far→farther; farthest
2.句型公式： have trouble with sth./in doing sth.做某事有困难
(教材P66) I used to get high marks in English, but now I'm having a lot of trouble with my listening. 我以前英语成绩很好，但是现在我的听力有很多问题。
have trouble/difficulty with sth. 做某事有困难
have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有麻烦/困难
①I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment.
眼下我和班上的同学有点儿麻烦。
②If you have some trouble in getting along with your friends，you can write to them.
如果你在与朋友的相处上有问题，你可以给他们写信。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)With the guide leading the way, we had no trouble finding (find) your house.
(2)He knows little about Russian, so he has some difficulty communicating (communicate) with the natives.
名师指津：要注意have trouble/difficulty in doing sth. 的变形哟！
You can't imagine what difficulty in getting used to the new school life.
你无法想象适应新的学校生活有多难。
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．His demand_(要求)was that we (should) go to the training centre at once.
2．My car broke down on the way to the beach because it had run out of petrol_ (汽油)．
3．We must finish all these courses in this semester (学期)．
4．I'd appreciate it if you can give us some specific (确切的) examples.
5．We all have equal_ (平等的) chances of working and living in this country.
6．It is a good idea to read English novels to enlarge your vocabulary_ (词汇)．
7．As is known to us, there is a generation gap (间隔，差距) between the young and the old.
8．It was when I got back to my apartment_(公寓) that I first came across my new neighbours.
9．In our daily life, we must struggle (斗争) against natural disasters and lead a miserable life for lack of nutrition.
10．I'd like to go to work every day by subway (地铁)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Compared (compare) with my deskmate, I am proud of what I did.
2．Having a good knowledge of English means (mean) we can see the world through a new window.
3．Faced with so many new things to learn, I was at a loss what to_do (do) next.
4．In my opinion, nobody but him is equal to the job, for he has good skills in it.
5．They had to struggle for their lives against weather and wild animals.
6．There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activities that have caused this global_(globe) warming.
7．He has got used to living (live) in the quiet village.
8．When I listen to native English speakers _talking (talk) in a video, I can understand only a few words.
9．Reading (read) classic books opened a window for me to another world.
10．I really appreciate having (have) time to relax with you on this nice island.
Ⅲ.选词填空
date back to； ups and downs； pay attention to； lead to； be known for； be related to； aside from； give up
1．Once you have made up your mind to do something, you'd better not give_up.
2．Generally speaking, lung cancer is_related_to smoking.
3．Aside_from improving creativity, learning music will be useful to children throughout their lives.
4．Generally speaking, we will experience ups_and_downs before we succeed.
5．As far as I know, most of the Great Wall dates_back_to the Ming Dynasty.
6．We should pay_attention_to his culture and customs when visiting a friend.
7．As we all know, all roads lead_to Rome.
8．It is well known that the West Lake is_known_for_its beautiful scenery.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．环境状况正在恶化，那是因为我们人类违反了自然规律。
We humans go against nature, that's_why the environment is getting worse and worse.
2．这辆新车给他们添了很多麻烦，这使他们很生气。
They are having_a_lot_of_trouble_with the new car, which makes them angry.
3．事实上，一个学生越受鼓励，他越努力学习。
As a matter of fact, the_more_a student is encouraged, the_harder he will learn.
4．书店有那么多的书，我不知道选择哪一个。
There are so many books in the bookstore, I don't know which one_to_choose.
5．对我来说很难适应新学校的生活。
It is difficult for me to get_used_to_the_new_school_life.
6．我很荣幸和大家交流在高中要学习什么的看法。
It is a great honor for me to share my opinions with you on what_to_learn in senior high school.
课时作业 18
阅读理解
A
It's 11 p．m., and I'm still sitting here writing this article for the school magazine! I've had two weeks to write it, and my teacher, Julia, wants it tomorrow. She's always complaining (抱怨) that I leave things till the last minute. Maybe she's right.
A month ago I made a decision to be more efficient (有效率的) this year. Well, I've clearly failed. I've also been trying to get fitter for four weeks now. I've started going to the health club. I've even been going to bed earlier. But I'm not feeling any fitter, just a little unhappier. I miss my bad habits. Why is leading a better life so hard?
I've just read an article on a website, and I've discovered that it isn't my fault (过错)! In fact, it isn't anyone's fault. It's our brain's. It's programmed to make it difficult to break bad habits. There's nothing we can do. Scientists have done experiments that show we use one part of our brain when we think about ourselves and another when we think about other people. However, when we think about ourselves in the future, we use the same part of the brain that we usually use to think about other people. In other words, the brain sees the “future you” as a different person than your “present you.” That's why we don't always find it easy to make good decisions for ourselves in the future.
But that's not all. Scientists have also discovered that it takes around ten weeks to form a good habit. That's the amount (数量) of time the brain needs to accept new behavioral patterns (形式). The good news is that once you make it to ten weeks, everything becomes a lot easier. The bad news is that ten weeks is a really long time, so it's easy to give up what you want to do before then.
So even when we want to change our ways and become better people, our brains won't let us. Or is this just an excuse? Look — I've finished my article on time! Anything is possible!
【语篇解读】 本文是议论文。作者分析了为何习惯不容易被改变。
1．In Julia's eyes, what kind of person is the author?
A．A bit lazy. B．Quite smart.
C．Very healthy. D．Truly honest.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。由第一段中的“Julia... always complaining that I leave things till the last minute”可知，作者总是把事情拖到最后时刻才做，故在老师Julia眼里，他有点懒散。
2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A．Why we can't have a better life.
B．How our brain sees ourselves in the future.
C．How our brain helps us make good decisions.
D．Why it is not easy for us to change our habits.
答案与解析：D 段落大意题。由第二段可知，作者想改掉以前的习惯却发现很难。第三段承接上段内容，由其中的“It's our brain's. It's programmed to make it difficult to break bad habits”可知，作者在本段介绍他看到的一篇关于大脑在人们做决定时如何运转的文章，旨在告诉读者为何改变旧的习惯是如此之难。
3．According to scientists, in order to form the habit of taking exercise, the author needs to take about ________.
A．another two weeks B．another four weeks
C．another six weeks D．another ten weeks
答案与解析：C 推理判断题。由第二段中的“I've also been trying to get fitter for four weeks now”和倒数第二段中的“Scientists have also discovered that it takes around ten weeks to form a good habit”可知，根据科学家的研究，已锻炼四周的作者，再需要大约六周的时间就能养成锻炼的好习惯。
B
Australia was first used as an island prison by Britain to solve their problem of having a fast growing prison population. These early settlers were those who were sent from all over Great Britain, including Ireland, Wales, and Scotland. Later events, such as the gold rush, caused several waves of immigration (移居) from Europe, Asia and other parts of the world. It is commonly thought that Australians are offspring (后代) of those criminals (罪犯)! In fact, only a part of Australians are those criminals' offspring. Also, in those days, people could be put into prison or sent to Australia for small crimes, like stealing a loaf of bread. Today Australia is hom
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