24雅思提升大作文.pptx

Topicsentence定义 The topic sentence is a general statement that states the main point of a paragraph.In English a paragraph is defined as a logical unit,a collection of sentences centering upon one idea.Therefore,there arises a guiding sentence indicating and controlling the development of this single idea.A well-constructed topic sentence helps the writer stay focused on what they are going to write about.Also,a paragraph with a clear and direct topic sentence is easier and more comfortable to read.Topicsentence特点1)The topic sentence must be a complete sentence.2)The topic sentence should always contain both a topic and a controlling idea.The Topic Sentence=Topic+Controlling Idea3)The topic sentence should be neither too general nor too specific.OnesingleIdeaAn effective topic sentence covers only one single idea.In English a paragraph is supposed to elaborate on only one aspect of the subject.A topic sentence dealing with two or more points is weak.Look at the following example:Finding the right job is important and can lead to rewarding experiences.Finding the right job can lead to an improved sense of self-esteem.One Controlling IdeaAn effective topic sentence is a focused one with a controlling idea,limited enough to be supported in one paragraph.A too general statement leads to vague generalities,carrying little substantial information.A too specific one leaves little room for further development.Look at the examples:Throughout history people have tried to define intelligence.American food is terrible because Americans use too many prepackaged foods and everything is fried in oil or butter.One Controlling IdeaA topic sentence should be properly limited to guide and develop the argument,but at the same time be general enough to leave room for elaboration,persuasion or argument in the body of the paragraph.The following sentence is a good example.The most amazing present I received for Christmas in 2008 was in fact not a present,but the fact that my family was together for the first time in seven years.Examples1)The importance of reading widely.Reading widely is very important in improving ones reading comprehension.2)Fire accidents in big cities.Recently years have witnessed a marked growth of fire accidents in big cities in our country.3)To make all the decisions for children.Parents in China tend to make all the decisions for their children.ExamplesThe topic tells the reader what the paragraph is about.The controlling idea is a key word or phrase that expresses the basic point of a paragraph.Note:a controlling idea commits the paragraph to a specific aspect of the topic.e.g.1)Convenience foods are easy to prepare.2)Alcoholic beverages should be banned from college campuses for two reasons.3)There are quite a few unusual superstitions in China about marriage.Practice:IdentifythetopicandcontrollingideaPeoplecanavoidburglariesbytakingcertainprecautions.Thereareseveraladvantagestogrowingupinasmalltown.MostUSuniversitiesrequirea550pointTOEFLscoreforanumberofreasons.AirpollutioninMexicoCityistheworstintheworldforanumberofreasons.Fixingaflattireonabicycleiseasyifyoufollowthesesteps.Ridingabicyclegivespleasure.Practice:IdentifythetopicandcontrollingideaThereareseveralenjoyablewaystotravelbetweentheUSandQueretaro.Animalsindangerofbecomingextinctcomefromawiderangeofcountries.Effectiveleadershiprequiresspecificqualitiesthatanyonecandevelop.IndustrialwastepouredintoLakeMichiganhasledtodramaticchangesinitsabilitytosupportmarinelife.InordertofullyexplorethewreckoftheTitanic,scientistsmustaddressseveralproblems.Howtowriteagoodtopicsentence?Atopicsentencemustincludeyourtopicandanopinionoryourcontrollingidea.Generallyspeaking,topicsentencesare:Short Short SimpleSimple ClearClear Give a strong ideaGive a strong ideaOftenusephrasessuchas:常用句型1.Oneofthemainreasonsfor2.Oneofthemajorfactorsinis.3.Generallyspeaking,4.Oneofthestrongestargumentsagainst/infavourofis5.Oneofthemainadvantages/disadvantagesofisPractice:1.Unlikeonesmothertonguewhichisheardandpracticedalmostatanytime,aforeignlanguageisonlylearnedandtaughtinclass.Thetimearrangementisusallyabout2to4periodsaweek,whichisobviouslynotenoughforfluencyandproficiency.Ideally,anextratwoormorehoursareneededifyoureallywanttoseeimprovement.Youneedtoreadmore,listenmore,speakmoretomakesomeprogresseveryday.Practice:TheSecretofSuccessItgoeswithoutsayingthatthereisnoshortcutononeswaytosuccess.Theimportantthinginlife.Livingwithoutagoalislikesailingwithoutacompass.Thisisespeciallytrueofsomeuniversitystudents.Wheninhighschool,theirgoalwassimpleandclear-topassthecollegeentranceexamandenteranidealuniversity.Now,however,someofthemseemtohavelostthemselvesoncampus.Lackofpurposeisthecauseofmostofourfailures.Practice:3OneofthestrongestargumentsinfavourofisthatResearchshowsthatthereisanincreasingnumberofoverweightchildreninthedevelopedworldandthatthereisalinkbetweentheamountoftimespentinfrontofscreensandbeingoverweight.Ifchildrenwerenotallowedtobeonscreens,theywouldfindotherwaystoentertainthemselves,andthiswouldincludeplayinggamesandsports.Researchalsoshowsthatactivechildrengrowintoactiveadultssorestrictingscreentimeforchildrenwouldhavealifelongimpactonthepeopleconcerned.Howtowriteagoodtopicsentence?2Anothertricktowritingagoodtopicsentenceistousenumbers.ForExample:Thereareseveral/afewreasonswhy.Therearemanystepsleadingtosuccess.Severalfactorsmaycontributeto.Thereareseveralwaystoimproveonesconfidence.Thereisanewmethodtoreducethecost.Twocausesmayexplainwhy.forthreereasons.Practice1There are several reasons why.First,English is a foreign language.They have little chance of contacting the language other than in an English class.Second,English cannot always match Chinese word for word,so they feel really puzzled and depressed when they try to speak or write it.Last but not least is that few students can find a chance to communicate with a native speaker though they are told that English is very important.Practice2.Thefirstandforemostshouldbethedevelopmentofeconomy.Abetterandaffluentlifewouldinvitealongingforastable,peacefulandharmoniouslife,thusrulesandregulationsareneccesarytoteachpeoplewhatshoulddoandwhatshouldnotdo.Hencecamemoralityandthemakingoflawtoencourageacceptablebehaviorandconductsandpunishthosewhowoulddaretoviolatemoralityandbreakthelaw.How to Write a Good Topic Sentence 3Topicsentencefornegativeeffects,results,problems,consequences,influences,impacts,implications,drawbacks,shortcomings,disadvantages.1)Itgoeswithoutsayingthatsuch(topic)willbringabout(entail,cause,produce,resultin,generate)dreadful(serious,undesirable,severe,unhealthy,bad,harmful,malign不良的)consequences.2)(Topic)willcause(produce,bringbaout,generate)anegative(profound,harmful,malign,undesirable)influence/effecton.How to Write a Good Topic Sentence 33)(Topic)mayarouse(cause,produce,bringabout,generate)panic(fear/terror/worry)amongpeople;(doubtabout.;arise/declinein.;concernover/about.)4.Undoubtedly,(topic)threatenstodomoreharmthangoodtooursociety.5.Thedsiadvantagesof(topic)surelyoutweighstheadvantages.How to Write a Good Topic Sentence 4Topicsentenceforpositiveresults(benefits,changes,gains,influences,effects,impacts,profits.1.Anyonewithacommonsensecanseethat(topic)mayleadtopsoitiveresults.2.(Topic),ifwellutilized(ifproperlyused;iftakenintoproperconsideration),willsurelycreatedesirable(ideal,favorable,positive,beneficial,advantageous,unimaginable,unexpected,constructive.)benefits.3.Theadvantages(benefits)of(topic)areobvious.4.Thegainsin(topic)arenumerous.5.Therearethreeapproachestothisproblem.6.Thekeytodealingwiththedifficultsituationisto.7.Asoneofthemostrewardingexperiences,(topic)hasbroughtalotofbenefitstomylife.8.Theimportanceof(topic)isnowdrawingmoreofourconcernthaneverbefore.How to Write a Good Topic Sentence 4PracticeHomework