高三英语第一轮复习：非谓语动词(三)冀教版.doc

高三英语高三第一轮复习：非谓语动词（三）冀教版

【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
非谓语动词（三）

二. 教学过程：
6、动名词与不定式作主语、宾语的用法比较
1）作主语：
（1）多数情况两者可以互换。例如：Seeing is believing.＝To see is to believe.
Talking is easy and doing is difficult.＝To talk is easy and to do is difficult.
（2）如果表示一种具体、短期的行为，或表示将来的行为，宜用不定式。例如：
It took him two hours to finish the work.
To be a scientist is his desire（愿望）.
（3）如果表示一种经常性、习惯性的行为，一般用动名词。例如：
Getting up early is a good habit.
2）作宾语：
（1）有些动词跟不定式、动名词作宾语皆可，意义也差不多，主要有：begin, start,
continue, love, prefer等。
（2）有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，主要有：wish, hope, expect, demand, refuse, decide.
（3）有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语，已学过的这类词有：finish, imagine, admit, avoid, mind, miss, insist on, enjoy, escape, consider, can practise, put off（延迟）＝delay, suggest, feel like, look forward to, devote…to（doing）,be worth.
（4）有些动词后跟不定式、动名词意义有明显差别，主要有：forget, remember, regret, stop, mean, try, want, need, require, go on
①forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事＝forget having done sth.＝forget to have done sth.
②remember to do sth. 记住要做某事 remember doing sth.记住做过某事
③regret to do sth. 遗憾（要）做某事 regret doing sth. 懊悔做了某事
④stop to do sth. 停下（原事）去做某事（不定式作目的状语）
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
⑤mean to do sth. 决意／打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味／表明做某事
⑥try to do sth. 努力／设法去做某事
try doing sth. 试图／尝试用某一方法做某事
⑦want/need/require to do sth. 要／想做某事
want/need/require doing. 需要／想要被……
⑧go on to do sth. 继续做不同的事 go on doing sth. 继续做相同的事

7. 使用现在分词的几个注意点：
（1）作状语用的现在分词，其逻辑主语必须同句中主语为同一人或同一事，例如：
①（正）Standing on top of the tall building,we could see the whole city.
（Standing＝When we stood）
（误）Standing on top of the tall building,the whole city could be seen.
②（正）Having found the cause, they continued the experiment.
（Having found＝After/When they had found）
（误）Having found the cause, the experiment continued.
（2）短暂动词（即瞬间动词）的现在分词被动式不可作宾补或定语。例如：
①He saw the old man knocked down by the car.（knocked down不可改为being knocked down或having being knocked down）
②Do you like the dictionary bought by Zhang Ming?（bought不可改为being bought或having been bought）
（3）现在分词被动式与过去分词用法的区别：
现在分词被动式与过去分词都有被动意，但其用法是有区别的：
①作宾语时，现在分词的一般被动式表示一个正在发生的被动动作，过去分词则表示一个已发生过的被动动作或没有时间性的状态。例如：
Do you see the hospital being built there?
你看见了那边那个 正在建的 医院吗？
The continent connected with Asia at the Suez Canal is Africa.
在苏伊士运河处与亚洲相连的洲是非洲。（句中connected无时间性）
②作原因状语，现在分词被动式与过去分词可以互换。例如：
Being led（＝Led ）by the Party, the Chinese people have won great victories.
③作方式或伴随状语，不用现在分词被动式，而用过去分词。例如：
The soldiers lay on the ground, covered with nothing.
④作时间状语，若动作先于句子的谓语动作，且有具体过去时间，不可用现在分词一般被动式或完成被动式。例如：Built in 1192 ,the bridge was very useful.
如果没有具体过去时间状语，可用过去分词或现在分词完成被动式。例如：
Discussed（＝Having been discussed）many times, the problem was settled at last.
如果要强调分词状语的动作发生的时间在谓语动作之前，则宜用现在分词完成被动式，而不用过去分词。例如：
Not having been invited, she had to stay at home.
⑤在have, get之后宜用过去分词作宾补，不用现在分词被动式或不定式被动式作宾补。例如：I’ll have my hair cut.（cut不能改为being cut或be cut）He got his watch repaired.（repaired不能改为being repaired或to be repaired）
⑥在make, order, want, like, wish等动词后，多用过去分词作宾补，少用现在分词被动式作宾补。例如
The speaker couldn’t make himself heard.（一般不说being heard）
He wanted his house painted.（一般不说being painted）

8. 心理状态动词的-ing形式与-ed形式
所谓心理状态动词是指含有使动意，使人产生某种情感、心理变化的动词。如：surprise使惊讶；interest使感兴趣。它们的-ing形式含主动意义，-ed形式含被动意义。皆可视为形容词。例如：surprising令人惊讶的，interesting令人感兴趣的；surprised（因……）感到惊讶的，interested（因……）感到有兴趣的。下面的句子可显示两者的区别：
The film is so interesting that they are all interested in it.
She was much surprised at the surprising news.
已学的心理状态动词有：astonish,bore（使厌烦）,delight,disappoint, discourage, encourage, excite, frighten, interest, move（使感动）, please（使高兴）, puzzle（使迷惑）, satisfy（使满意）, surprise, shock, tire（使疲劳）, trouble, upset（使不安）, worry
它们的-ing形式多和物连用，如：The news is pleasing/exciting. a boring report（一个令人厌烦的报告）, a tiring walk（累人的步行）。
它们的-ed形式多和人连用，如：an excited girl, I’m tired.
但是也有-ing形式和人连用，-ed形式和物连用的现象。如：an inspiring leader一位有感召力的领袖，an amusing girl一个讨人喜欢的女孩，a puzzled expression一种迷惑不解的表情，She said in a frightened voice.她用受了惊吓的声音说着话。

【模拟试题】
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
　1. When he was a boy, he used to go there and watch _____.
　　A. to repair bicycles
　　B. bicycles to be repaired
　　C. bicycles being repaired
　　D. repairing bicycles
　2. --- Have you considered _____ your job as a teacher?
　　--- Yes. I like the job because a teacher is often considered _____ a gardener.
　　A. to change; to be B. to change; being
　　C. changing; being D. changing; to be
　3. The dog, _____, will be made a good watchdog.
　　A. to train properly
　　B. being trained properly
　　C. properly to train
　　D. trained properly
　4. _____ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.
　　A. Having stolen B. Having been stolen
　　C. Stolen D. Stealing
　5. _____ the front door _____, he had to enter the room through the back door.
　　A. Seen; painted
　　B. Seeing; painted
　　C. Being seen; being painted
　　D. Seeing; being painted
　6. And there, almost _____ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.
　　A. having lost B. losing C. to be lost D. lost
　　7. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
　　A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
　8. To answer correctly is more important than _____.
　　A. that you finish quickly
　　B. finishing quickly
　　C. to finish quickly
　　D. finish quickly
　9. The old farmer, _____ the badly injured and burnt soldier, came out of the burning farmhouse, calling continuously for help.
　　A. supporting B. having supported
　　C. being supported by D. being supported
　10. In January , 2004, the United States successfully launched “Spirit”, a Mars Exploration Rover, _____ a new milestone in the history of mankind.
　　A. it marked B. marking C. marked D. to mark
　11. It was getting dark; I found a car _____ in a pool by the side of the road.
　　A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick
　12. You can’t imagine what great trouble they have _____ the problem _____.
　　A. to solve; being talked about
　　B. solving; discussing
　　C. to solve; to talk about
　　D. solving; being discussed
　13. The monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believed _____ the river.
　　A. to have discovered
　　B. to have been discovered
　　C. to discover
　　D. having been discovered
　14. The thief fell to the ground, his left foot _____ and blood _____ down from his mouth.
　　A. breaking; running B. broken; running
　　C. breaking; run D. broken; run
　15. The program was so exciting that the children kept their eyes _____ on the screen.
　　A. to fix B. to be fixed C. fixed D. fixing
　16. As I will be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate _____ from you now and then so that I can know how everyone is getting along.
　　A. having heard B. to hear
　　C. hearing D. being heard
　17. _____, the subject was always in my mind.
　　A. Walking or sleeping
　　B. Walking or slept
　　C. Having walked or slept
　　D. To walk and sleep
　18. --- Did you get a dictionary?
　　--- No, I _____, but there were not any _____.
　　A. tried; to be left B. had tried to; leaving
　　C. tried to; left D. had tried; have left
　19. When he came to, he found himself _____ on a chair, with his hands _____ back.
　　A. to sit; tying B. sitting; tying
　　C. seating; tied D. seated; tied
　20. The joke told by Tom made us _____, so the teacher couldn’t make himself _____.
　　A. to laugh; hearing
　　B. laughing; heard
　　C. laughing; hear
　　D. laughed; heard
　21. All of the flowers now _____ here have developed from those once _____ in the forest.
　　A. raised; grown B. rising; growing
　　C. raised; growing D. rising; grown
　22. Henry can’t attend the party _____ at Tom’s house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party _____ at Marie’s house tomorrow.
　　A. held; being held B. to be held; to be held
　　C. to be held; held D. being held; to be held
　23. Seeing the soldiers well _____ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction.
　　A. prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. having prepared
　24. Don’t worry. I’ll have it _____ and get someone _____ it to you tomorrow.
　　A. typed; send B. to type; to send
　　C. type; send D. typed; to send
　25. The sun was shining brightly, _____ everything there _____ more beautiful.
　　A. making; look
　　B. to make; looked
　　C. and made; looking
　　D. and making; be looked
　26. How could he get the plan _____ without any one to support him?
　　A. to carry out B. carry out
　　C. carrying out D. carried out
　27. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before _____.
　　A. being fully accepting
　　B. fully accepting
　　C. having fully accepted
　　D. fully accepted
　28. Having passed all the tests, she felt a great weight _____ off her mind.
　　A. taking B. taken C. take D. to be taken
　29. I’m examining the article he has just finished _____ the possible mistakes in it.
　　A. being corrected B. to correct
　　C. corrected D. having corrected
　30. _____ full preparations, we decided to put off the meeting till next week.
　　A. We did not make B. Having not made
　　C. We had not made D. Not having made
　31. We should prevent such a silly mistake _____ again.
　　A. occurring B. to occur
　　C. to be occurred D. from being occurred
　32. I regret _____ hard at school, or I would have succeeded in passing the exam.
　　A. not to work
　　B. having not worked
　　C. to have not worked
　　D. not having worked
　33. They looked forward with hope _____ a chance to receive further education.
　　A. for getting B. of getting
　　C. to get D. to getting
　34. “Well, I’ll tell you a secret ...” said the boy, with his mouth almost _____ my ear.
　　A. touched B. touching C. touch D. to touch
　35. Towards evening, the patient opened his mouth as if _____ something to his son.
　　A. said B. say C. to say D. to have said
　36. --- Would you be _____ lend me your bicycle?
　　--- Sure.
　　A. so kind as to B. kind enough as to
　　C. very kind to D. so kind to
　37. The beach is so beautiful that it is worthwhile, I think, _____ for a short holiday.
　　A. of going B. to be going
　　C. your going D. you to go
　38. The teacher asked more _____ to prevent the students’ eyes from being injured.
　　A. to do B. done 　 C. to be done D. being done
　39. Some of the schools in Shanghai have moved one step closer to _____ with the global education community.
　　A. being connected B. connect
　　C. having connected D. be connected
　40. The performance of the host, _____ to please the audience and draw their attention, was greeted with a cold silence, however.
　　A. had intended B. intended
　　C. being intended D. to intend
　41. _____ and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped _____ the beautiful scenery.
　　A. Tiring; to admire B. Being tired; admiring
　　C. Tired; to admire D. Tired; admiring
　42. The 18-storeyed building, when _____, will shut out the sun _____ up the rooms in my house.
　　A. completed; lighted
　　B. completing; lighting
　　C. completing; lighted
　　D. completed; lighting
　43. --- I hear Warren _____ in a middle school.
　　--- What? I can’t imagine him _____ as a teacher.
　　A. teaches; working B. teaches; work
　　C. teach; to work D. teach; working
　44. _____ he’s only been learning English for a year, he speaks it very well.
　　A. Considered B. Considering
　　C. Having considered D. To consider
　45. It was _____ computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.
　　A. to have played B. playing
　　C. played D. having played
　46. At no time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning, for she is always too busy _____ a good rest.
　　A. to take B. taking C. took D. taken
　47. _____ as the most excellent student in her university, as most classmates had expected, made her parents very happy.
　　A. Mary was chosen
　　B. Mary chosen
　　C. Mary being chosen
　　D. Mary’s being chosen
　48. _____ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ to death.
　　A. Seeing; frightened B. Seeing; frightening
　　C. Seen; frighten D. To see; frightening
　49. You will see this product made in this factory _____ wherever you go.
　　A. to be advertised B. advertised
　　C. advertise D. advertising
　50. Mr. Green is said _____ an experiment to prove the new method of solving　the problem when young.
　　A. to do B. to have done
　　C. to be doing D. to have been doing

【试题答案】
1-5 CDDAD 6-10 DDCAB 11-15 BDABC
16-20 CACDB 21-25 CDCDA
26-30 DDBBD 31-35 ADDBC 36-40 ACCAB
41-45 CDABB 46-50 ADABB
　1. 用-ing形式一般式的被动语态作宾语补足语，强调自行车被修理的过程。
　2. consider 作“考虑”解时，后常接-ing形式（短语）作宾语；作“认为” 解时，后常接含有名词、形容词或to be的复合结构。
　3. 过去分词短语作条件状语，相当于if it is trained properly。watchdog看门狗。
　4. 从动作发生的时间来看，应是先偷钻石，再找地方藏匿，故用-ing形式的完成式。
　5. see 表示的动作与句子谓语动词（had to enter）所表示的动作几乎同时发生，且与其逻辑主语（he）为主动关系，故用一般式。由句意“看到前门正在被漆，……”可知，第二空应用being painted。
　6. lost in the big chair为过去分词短语在句中作伴随状语。此句的正常语序为：Her little brother sat there...
　7. catch sb. doing sth. （偶然或突然）发现或撞见某人正在做某事。
　8. 题意为“正确做出答案要比快速完成更重要”。两个非谓语动词短语在形式上应保持一致。
　9. -ing形式的一般式在句中作非限制性定语。
　10. 题意为“2004年1月，美国成功地发射了‘勇气’号火星探测器，标志着人类历史上一个新的里程碑”。
　11. 由短语be stuck in（陷入）可知此处应用过去分词作宾语补足语。
　12. 由have great trouble （in）doing sth.可知第一空应用solving; being discussed作定语修饰problem，表示“正在被讨论的问题”。
　13. 用不定式的完成式表示动作发生在(定语)从句谓语动作之前。
　14. 考查独立主格结构。foot和break之间是被动关系，blood和run是主动关系。
　15. 由固定结构fix one’s eyes on/upon...可知此处应用过去分词。
　16. appreciate后常接-ing形式（短语）作宾语。
　17. 题意为“无论是走路还是睡觉，我总是在想这个问题。”注意：此题中-ing形式短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语并不一致，有的语法家称其为“垂悬分词”。又如：Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. （NMET2001）
　18. tried to后省去了get one。
　19. 由seat的用法(be seated)可知第一空应用seated作宾语补足语；with his hands tied back为with的复合结构在句中作伴随状语。
　22. 由at present可知第一空应用being held（表示正在被进行的动作）；由tomorrow可知第二空应用to be held（表示即将被进行的动作）。
　23. 由固定短语be (well) prepared for可知此处应用过去分词作宾补。
　24. 此处为have sth. done结构和get sb. to do sth. 结构。
　26. 考查get sth. done 结构。carry out执行。
　27. before full accepted相当于before they are fully accepted。
　28. feel后可接含有非谓语动词的复合结构。此处宾语与宾语补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。题意为“所有考试都通过后，她感觉如释重负。”
　29. 不定式短语在句中作目的状语。he has just finished 为定语从句。
　30. -ing形式短语作原因状语。not要置于-ing形式之前。
　31. prevent sb./sth. (from) doing sth.为固定搭配。occur为不及物动词。
　32. regret doing sth.后悔做过某事；regret to do sth.遗憾（抱歉）地要做……。
　33. look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事，注意with hope（满怀希望地）插入了短语look forward to中。
　34. 考查with 的复合结构。his mouth与touch之间是主动关系。
　35. “as if+不定式短语”在句中作方式状语。
　37. 考查句型It is worthwhile to do sth./doing sth.。I think为插入语。
　38. 由ask sb. to do sth.可知此处应用不定式。宾语与宾语补足语之间为被动关系，故用to be done。
　39. close to中的to为介词。be connected with可理解为“与……接轨”。
　40. intended to please the audience...相当于which had been intended to please the audience...。
　41. tired and out of breath为“形容词和