桥梁英语词汇.doc

下部结构substructure桥墩pier 墩身pier body墩帽pier cap, pier coping台帽abutment cap, abutment coping 盖梁bent cap又称“帽梁”。重力式桥墩gravity pier实体桥墩solid pier空心桥墩hollow pier柱式桥墩column pier, shaft pier单柱式桥墩single-columned pier, single shaft pier双柱式桥墩two-columned pier, two shaft pier排架桩墩pile-bent pier丫形桥墩Y-shaped pier柔性墩flexible pier制动墩braking pier, abutment pier单向推力墩single direction thrusted pier抗撞墩anti-collision pier锚墩anchor pier辅助墩auxiliary pier破冰体ice apron防震挡块anti-knock block, restrain block桥台abutment台身abutment body前墙front wall又称“胸墙”。翼墙wing wall又称“耳墙”。U形桥台U-abutment八字形桥台flare wing-walled abutment一字形桥台head wall abutmentT形桥台T-abutment箱形桥台box type abutment拱形桥台arched abutment重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment扶壁式桥台counterfort abutment, buttressed abutment衡重式桥台weight-balanced abutment锚碇板式桥台anchored bulkhead abutment支撑式桥台supported type abutment又称“轻型桥台”。组合式桥台composite abutment桥台后回填back filling behind abutment桥梁基础bridge foundation浅基础shallow foundation深基础deep foundation明挖基础open cut foundation扩大基础spread foundation沉井基础open caisson foundation沉井刃脚caisson cutting edge气压沉箱基础pneumatic caisson foundation管柱基础colonnade foundation双壁钢围堰钻孔桩基础double-walled steel cofferdam and bored pile foundation墩式基础pier-foundation桩基础pile foundation排架桩基础pile-bent foundation高承台桩基础high-rise platform pile foundation桩pile单桩individual pile, single pile群桩pile group又称“桩群”。斜桩battered pile, raked pile锚桩anchor pile主桩key pile预制桩precast pile钢筋混凝土桩concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pile木桩timber pile钢桩steel pile钢管桩steel pipe pile混凝土管桩concrete pipe pile钻孔桩bored pile就地灌注桩cast-in-situ pile沉管灌注桩tube-sinking cast-in-situ pile板桩sheet pile微型桩mini-pile又称“小型桩”。扩底桩under-reamed pile支挡桩soldier pile抗滑桩anti-slide pile排土桩displacement pile非排土桩non-displacement pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile嵌岩桩socketed pile挖孔桩cast-in-situ pile by excavation打入桩driven pile承台bearing platform, pile cap灌浆截水墙grouted cut-off wall灌浆帷幕grouted curtain地下连续墙continuous slurry wall, diaphragm wall支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expansion bearing, movable bearing合成橡胶支座elastomeric pad bearing板式橡胶支座laminated rubber bearing盆式橡胶支座pot rubber bearing聚四氟乙烯支座polytetrafluoroethylene bearing, PTFE bearing铅橡胶支座lead-rubber bearing滚轴支座roller bearing摆式支座rocker bearing平板支座plate bearing球形支座spherical bearing垫块支座pad bearing活动伸缩缝支座sliding expansion bearing伸缩滚轴expansion roller拉压支座tension-compression bearing铰式支座knuckle bearing桥梁设计bridge design桥梁方案设计bridge conceptual design桥梁结构设计bridge structure design桥梁细部设计bridge detail design荷载load实用荷载service load施工荷载construction load开裂荷载cracking load疲劳荷载fatigue load容许荷载allowable load破坏荷载failure load桥梁试运行荷载test run loading for bridge静载static load动载dynamic load活载live load恒载dead load永久荷载permanent load可变荷载variable load偶然荷载accidental load非常荷载abnormal load环境荷载environmental load均布荷载uniform load,distributed load等代均布荷载equivalent uniform distributed load集中荷载concentrated load车道荷载lane load人群荷载pedestrian load风荷载wind load地震荷载earthquake load,seismic force又称“地震力”。离心力centrifugal force冲击力impact force制动力braking force船舶撞击力ship collision force土压力earth pressure冰压力ice pressure流水压力flowing water pressure浮力buoyancy下拉荷载downdrag, negative friction of pile又称“桩负摩擦力”。拱推力arch thrust基础隆胀力heave force of foundation临界压曲荷载critical buckling load屈服破坏荷载failure load by buckling荷载组合loading combinations荷载效应load effect标准车辆荷载standard truck loading桥梁容许应力设计allowable stress design of bridge桥梁极限状态设计limit state design of bridge桥梁承载能力极限状态ultimate limit state of bridge carrying capacity桥梁使用能力极限状态serviceability limit state of bridge桥梁荷载系数设计法load factor design method of bridge桥梁概率极限状态设计法probabilistic limit state design method of bridge桥梁优化设计optimum design of bridge桥梁结构可靠度reliability of bridge structure可靠度基准期reliability datum period地震危险性分析seismic risk analysis桥梁抗震设计aseismatic design of bridge桥梁抗震稳定性aseismatic stability of bridge地震基本烈度basic earthquake intensity设计烈度design intensity of earthquake地震震级earthquake magnitude地震加速度seismic acceleration疲劳设计fatigue design桥头回填设计bridge end backfilling design桥梁平面结构plane structure for bridge桥梁空间结构space structure for bridge静定桥梁结构statically determinate bridge structure超静定桥梁结构statically indeterminate bridge structure结构体系转换structure system transform结构完整性structural integrity安全系数safety factor冲击系数impact factor又称“动力系数”。荷载系数load factor膨胀系数coefficient of expansion构件member, element又称“杆件”。节间panel梁腹web又称“腹板”。翼缘flange又称“法兰”。加劲杆stiffener又称“加劲肋”。加劲梁stiffening girder加劲腋haunch又称“梁腋”。托架bracket俗称“牛腿”。结点板gusset plate又称“节点板”。剪力键shear key横系杆lateral bracing风嘴wind fairing伸缩板expansion plate应力集中stress concentration应力腐蚀stress corrosion热应力thermal stress又称“温差应力”。支撑应力bearing stress组合应力combined stress容许应力allowable stress又称“许用应力”。极限应力ultimate stress稳定性stability刚度rigidity, stiffness位移displacement挠度deflection力矩moment, bending moment又称“弯矩”。剪力shear双力矩bi-moment力矩分配法moment distribution method又称“弯矩分配法”。力矩包络线moment envelope剪力分布shear distribution剪力滞后shear lag又称“剪滞”。影响线influence line影响面积influence area压曲buckling又称“压屈”。扭曲distortion又称“畸变”。翘曲warp颤振flutter驰振galloping抖振buffeting又称“击振”。涡流效应vortex shedding effect风致摆动wind induced oscillation挠度横向分布transverse distribution of deflection荷载横向分布transverse distribution of load杠杆原理法lever principle method偏心受压法eccentric compression method刚性横梁法rigid cross beam method铰接梁法hinge connected beam method刚接梁法rigid connected beam method弹性梁支承法elastic supported beam method准正交各向异性板法quasi-orthotropic slab methodG M 法Guyon-Massonet method抗风稳定性wind resisting stability空气动力稳定性aerodynamic stability风压分布图wind pressure distribution graph临界风速critical wind speed温度梯度thermal gradient温差temperature difference年均温差annual mean temperature difference连拱作用continuous arch effect土-结构共同作用soil-structure interaction桥梁承载能力load carrying capacity of bridge桥梁耐久性bridge durability地基承载力bearing capacity of subsoil单桩承载力bearing capacity of pile抗裂性crack resistance裂缝控制crack control裂缝宽度限值limit of crack opening裂缝分布图crack pattern疲劳限度fatigue limit磨损限值wear allowance又称“容许磨耗”。使用状态挠度限值deflection limit for serviceability结构延展性structure ductility桥梁破损bridge failure桥梁破坏bridge collapse毁灭性破坏catastrophic collapse钢筋锈蚀steel-bar corrosion桥梁计算机辅助设计computer aided design for bridge, CAD for bridge格构比拟grillage analogy预应力度degree of prestressing全预应力混凝土fully prestressed concrete部分预应力混凝土partially prestressed concrete有限预应力混凝土limited prestressed concreteA类部分预应力混凝土type A partially prestressed concreteB类部分预应力混凝土type B partially prestressed concrete体内预应力prestressing with bond体外预应力external prestressing预弯法预应力prestressing without tendon by pre-bending复传力法预应力prestressing by subsequent bond压拉双作用预应力prestressing with subsequent compression and tension后张自锚法预应力self-anchored post tensioning prestressing双向预应力two-dimension prestressing三向预应力three-dimension prestressing非预应力钢筋non-prestressed reinforcement粘结的预应力筋bonded tendon消除粘结的预应力筋debonded tendon无粘结的预应力筋non-bonded tendon预应力损失loss of prestress管道摩擦损失loss due to duct friction锚具变形损失loss due to anchorage deformation锚具温差损失loss due to anchorage temperature difference混凝土收缩损失loss due to concrete shrinkage混凝土弹性压缩损失loss due to elastic compression of concrete混凝土徐变损失creep loss of concrete钢筋预应力松弛损失loss due to tendon relaxation杆件缩短损失loss due to concrete member shortening杆件弯曲损失loss due to bending of concrete member锚具anchorage又称“工作锚具”。夹具clamper又称“工具锚具”。锥形锚具cone anchorage, Freyssinet cone anchorage又称“弗氏锚”。夹片式锚具strand tapered anchorageVSL锚具VSL anchorage瑞士VSL 厂生产的国际通用夹片锚具。YM锚具Y-typed anchorage, post-tensioning strand group anchorage公路规划设计院与新津筑路机械厂研制的Y型锥形三夹片式群锚。XM锚具X-typed anchorageX型三夹片式群锚。OVM锚具oriental cone anchorage东方（orient）公司与郴州厂研制的锥形二夹片式锚具。J M 1 2 型锚具J M 12 anchorage镦头锚bulb-end anchorage, BBRV anchorage又称“B B R V 锚”。精轧螺纹锚thread bar anchorage, Dywidag anchorage system又称“迪维达格锚固系统”。连接器coupler锚固区anchorage zone横向承载桩地基系数法subsoil reaction modulus method for laterally loaded pile桩基m值法subsoil reaction modulus m method for laterally loaded pile桩基c值法subsoil reaction modulus c method for laterally loaded pilep-y曲线法p-y curve method应力波方程法stress wave equation method基底应力扩散stress dispersal beneath footing基础沉降foundation settlement沉降差differential settlement桥梁施工bridge construction缆索吊装法erection with cableway又称“无支架吊装法”。悬臂拼装法cantilever erection method平衡悬拼法precast balancing cantilever method悬臂浇筑法cast-in-place cantilever method平衡悬浇法cast-in-place balancing cantilever method逐跨施工法span by span construction method膺架式架设法erection with scaffolding method膺架浇筑法cast on scaffolding method, cast-in-place method又称“就地浇筑法”。顶推法incremental launching method