短文改错口诀(附答案).doc

短文改错口诀：
动词形,名词数,注意是形还是副;非谓动词细辨别,习惯用法要记住;句子成分多分析,逻辑错误须关注。
　 一． 动词形
　　主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：
My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. is
Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. are
　　上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。
　 二． 名词数
　　指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：
　　…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. subjects
　　三． 区分形和副
　　及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。
这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如：
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. wonderful
　Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. Unfortunately
　　需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、
　　形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time，第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。
　　四． 非谓动词细辨别
　　这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如：
　　…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. interested
　 Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … playing
　 My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… to
　　上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。
五． 习惯用法要记住
　　主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：
　　多词、少词和搭配错误。
例如：
　　It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… of
　　We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. of
　　六． 句子成分多分析
　　不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：
　　They ∧eager to know everything about China and… were
　　I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. which
　　第一例漏掉了谓语动词were，这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误；第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副词，不能作主语。
　　七． 逻辑错误须关注
　　与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如：
　　The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. their
　　First, let me tell you something more about myself. 去掉more
　　… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. everyone
　　上述第一例中的主语是Smiths（史密斯夫妇俩），因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more
　　在这儿表“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”？第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端，“我们”把电视机卖了；晚上没电视看了，所以与从前一样，大家又都读书了，所以该用everyone。
　　除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but, and, or和so的用法错误（可以归类为逻辑错误），以及冠词的用法错误等。例如：
　She was smiling but nodding at me. and
　It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. or
　We may be one family and live under a same roof. the
下面是全国高考试题中的短文改错题。这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀。现在请你试着做一做，然后参阅题后的答案与简析。
　　Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei
　　Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows, it’s famous 76. _____
　　Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _____
　　Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _____
　　the mountain, the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _____
　　climbed the mountain, we ed monkeys, visiting temples 80. _____
　　and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._____
　　since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _____
　　Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _____
　　of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _____
　　good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _____
　　head touched the pillow.
　　答案与简析：
76. famous前加上a。 （名词数）。 77. 正确 78. we前面加when，引导一个时间状语从句。（句子成分多分析） 79. them→us （逻辑错误须关注） 80. visiting→visited（非谓动词细辨别） 81. picture→pictures（名词数） 82. passes→passed（动词形） 83. 去掉down（习惯用法要记住） 84. and→but（but, and, or和so） 85. 去掉at（句子成分多分析 / 习惯用法要记住）。
短文改错解题思路和检查原则
1）句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词；
2）谓语动词的时态、语态；
3）非谓语动词的用法；
4）名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确；
5）定冠词和不定冠词是否正确；
6）代词的格和性的使用是否有误；
7）定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误；
8）并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。
例题分析
Tom and Dick are next door neighbor who work 1.________
in the same office so they walked together to and from 2.________
office. Some day as they were walking home together it 3.________
sudden started to rain. Tom quickly opened his umbrella 4.________
and said, "My wife surely has foresight (预见) . She said 5.________
on this morning it would rain and told me to carry my 6.________
umbrella with me." Dick smiled and walked to him, said, 7.________
"My wife has even great foresight. She told me not to 8.________
carry an umbrella and as she knew you would certainly 9.________
have with you." 10.________
1. 首先 通读全文，掌握大意 此文讲述的是邻居Tom 和Dick 的故事。
2. 整句分析，逐行推敲
① 第二遍阅读后 容易改出的题有 1.2.4.6.10
② 然后先看前6项 第3项 翻译整句为：有一天当他们一起走路回家时天突然开始下雨了。
Some day 不能表示有一天，属于固定搭配中修饰词有误。
③ 第5项，由于对foresight的意思和用法不清楚，不能轻易改动。暂放一边。
③ 现在看7－10 项。第7项 翻译意思：Dick 笑了笑并且走向他（Tom），说到…..，翻译后很容易可以看出said前有一个逗号，and 连接的动词只有smiled 和 walked。说明此处有错。
④ 第8题，又出现了foresight。现在来比较第5项和第8项的两个句子。
1）My wife surely has foresight (预见) 我的妻子肯定地作出了预见 （Tom’s wife）
2）My wife has even great foresight。 我的妻子作出了更大的预见 (Dick’s wife)
比较两句后 可以判断这里的foresight不是一个动词而是一个不可数名词。可以判定great有错。并可以反推第5项应该没有错误。(Dick 的妻子说的话明显有比较的含义并且这样才能突出文章的幽默感)
⑤ 第9项理清句子结构后，可以看出有一词是多余的。
总结错误考查点有
1.名词单复数2.时态 3. 固定搭配 4。词性5.多余的介词和连接词 6.非谓语 7.形容词的比较级
8.少了代词。
题型比例 1个正确，缺词1个，多词2个，错词6个

(一)
Most families in China hoped their single children will 76．_______
have a happy future, so they are very strict in their children. 77．_______
So do teachers in schools! Many children are given so much 78．_______
homework that they have hardly any spare time have sports. 79．_______
The children are forbidden to do anything but to study. No 80．_______
wonder so many children are tired of lessons. Some even 81．_______
attack or kill his parents and teachers! I believe many people 82．_______
already read this kind of news in newspapers or magazines. 83．_______
Shouldn't we draw lesson from the accidents? Now our 84．_______
government is making out a plan to solve the education problems. 85．_______

（二）
Nowadays, almost every family has TV set, and almost 76．_______
everyone likes watching TV. TV has become part of our lives. 77．_______
TV has many advantages, for example, it informs us the 78．_______
latest news which is happening in the world; it can open our 79．_______
eyes, enlarge our knowledge and also help us to see more 80．_______
about the world． But, it also has some disadvantages. People 81．______
waste too much time in watching TV and his normal life 82．_______
and work are affected． To the children who they spend too 83．_______
much time in watching TV, it can do harmful to their sight 84．_______
and healthy. So we should control the time of watching TV. 85．_______

（三）
A few months after returning the US from Germany, I took 76._______
part in a college course in French. Since I have learned 77._______
to say German well in Germany, I thought it might be 78._______
interested to begin studying another language. At the 79._______
first class, the teacher asked us to do a pronunciation 80._______
exercise in it he would say a word or two in French, and 81._______
each student would do their best to copy. When he got to 82._______
me, he kept having me to say more words, and I 83._______
finally asked him why. "I find it great fun," she explained 84._______
it. "In 25 years of teaching at school, it's the first time 85._______
I've heard an American speak French with a German accent."
（四）
The Huaihe River has been serious polluted. Day and night　　　 76.______
millions of tons of waste water is being poured down to it from 　 77.______
hundreds of factories. The waste water is harmful. At present　　　 78.______
there is no fish in it. The river water cannot be drunk. People in 　79.______
either bank have to dig wells to take drinking water. The Huaihe　　 80.______
River is such dirty and poisonous that people don't dare swim　　 81.______　
in it. Something must be done to stopping the pollution. The　 82.______
government and the people near the river must try to clear water 83.______
as soon as possible. Now special attention has paid to the 84.______
pollution by the government and more scientists. The pollution 85.______
will be prevented in the near future.

（五）
Dear Abby,
How are you? Today I've got a wonderful news to tell you. 76._______
I have offered a scholarship at a university in Australia for my 77._______
further education. One hundred and twenty students took exam 78._______
for it, but only a few was chosen and I was one of them. However, 79._______
my parents are not happy about it. They are strong against me 80._______
going there. They say it is too far away that they will not see me 81._______
for a whole year and they are afraid of I will feel lonely. They 82._______
can't imagine a girl so young live alone. They advise me to study 83._______
in the capital instead. Then I'll be able to continue living with 84._______
them. How can I persuade them to accept the fact I have grown up? 85._______
Best wishes,
Jane
(一) 76. hoped→hope 77. in→with 78. do→are 79. have前加to 80. 去掉第二个to 81. √
82. his →their 83. already前加have 84. lesson前加a 85. making→carrying
（二） 76. has后加a 77. lives→life 78. us后加of 79. which→that 80. √ 81. But→However
82. his→their 83. 去掉they84. harmful→harm 85. healthy→health
（三） 76. returning后加to 77. have→had 78. say→speak 79. interested→interesting
80. √ 81. it→which 82. their→his 83. 去掉to 84. she→he 85. 去掉it
（四） 76. serious→seriously 77. to→into 78. √ 79. in→on 80. take→get 81. such→so 82. stopping→stop 83. water前加the
84. paid前加been 85. 去掉more
（五）76. 去掉a 77. have后加been 78. exam→exams 79. was→were
80. strong→strongly 81. too→so 82. 去掉of 83. live→living
84. √ 85. fact后加that