初中英语笔记大全(精华版).pdf

初中英语笔记大全（超级精华版）Thi s i s the ke y to the door.这是开门的钥匙。sb.calk电话号码sth.at电话号码cal 1 X.=phone X.=ri ng X.upple ase gi ve m e a call.请打电话给我 f am i ly指家庭时是单数，谓语动词用“i s”,f am i ly指家人时是复数，谓语动词用 are。of表示无生命物体的全部格，s表示有生命物体的全部格。有生命物体的全部格也可 以用。f,但有生命物体后要加“s”。以副词the re或he re开头的句子常要倒装，以示强调。What s your nam e,ple ase=Could you te ll m e your nam e,ple ase=May I have your nam e,ple ase Ni ce to m e e t you.=Glad to m e e t you.=Ple ase d to m e e t you.写启发的方法：1.启发的主题；2.描述细节；3.留下联系方法。表示惊讶、悲伤、微怒、失望等，可以用de ar作感慨词。名词如果有数量词修饰它，使用谓语动词适应看他的数量词，如：he re i s a se t of ke ys he re are two se ts of ke ys ge t to som e whe re（ge t hom e 除外）到达.士 have（有生命物体的“有”）有 the re i s（无生命物体的有”）肯定：L e t+宾语（人称代词的宾格或名词）+V原型+否认:Don t le t+宾语+V原型+./L e t+宾语+not+V原型+.have表示“有时才可以用来提问或写成否认“have n。L e ts.（i nclude说话的人和听话的人）问：shall we?L e t us.（不i nclude听话的人）问：wi ll you?反身代词:联系动词be动词+adj.作表语感官动词look 看sound 听sm e ll 闻taste 尝f e ll 触m yse lf（我自己）yourse lf（你自己）hi m se lf（他自己）he rse lf（她自己）i tse lf（它自己）ourse lve s（我们自己）yourse lve s（你们自己）the m se lve s（他 们自己）How m uch+be+商品？（答：I t s/The y re.）=What i s the pri ce of.?（答：I t s ce nt 美分 O ne dollar=100 ce nts othe r（两者中的另一个）anothe r（三者中的另一个）越接近物品本身性质的形容词越靠近物品，如：bi g blue hat 援助某人做某事he lp X.（to）do sth.he lp X.wi th sth.wi th the he lp（n.）of X.e.g.He studi e s m ath we ll,wi th the he lp of te ache r.一般将来时的一般形式：主语+wi ll+动词原形+Can I he lp you=What can I do f or you=（I s the re）anythi ng I can do f or you be动词不加动词原形we lcom ea.受欢迎的V.欢迎n.欢迎ge t a warm we lcom e得到热烈欢迎 hundre d,thousand与基数词一起表示具体数字时不加s。hundre ds of 上百 thousands of 上千 buy sth.f or X.=buy X.（间接宾语）sth.（直接宾语）为某人买某物 any body在肯定句中表示任何人，在否认句和疑问句中不是。f or表示动词的对象或接受者，表示用途，表示目的，表示等价交换或标注价格，表 示时间延续多久，表示距离，表示理由或原因。The re are m any tre e s on e ach si de of the roadThe re are m any tre e s on both si de s of the road the pri ce i s low（hi gh）价格低（高e ach强调两者或两者以上的每一个，强调个体+第三人称单数e ve i y强调三者或三者以上的每一个，强调整体 on a cold m orni ng在一个严寒的早晨也also放在be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，实意动词之前e i the r放在句末（疑问句、否认句）too放在句末（肯定句）whe n?答不用具体时间what ti m e？答要用具体时间 延续一段时间的节日一般用“f e sti val.比赛conte st和智力或知识有关的竞赛gam em atch有方案预先安排好的比赛a ki nd of一种m any ki nd of许多种all ki nds of各种各样ki nd of.有几分.如：The e le phants are ki nd of cute.含有thi nk的宾语从句中如果从句中有否认，要否认前移，如：S he doe sn t thi nk the y are bori ng.（她认为他们不无聊）问：How are you?答:r m f i ne.（我很好。）/Just so so.（一般般。）表示时间、价格、距离的名词作主语、谓语动词用单数。如：Two dollars i s e nough（足够）。怎么推断双音节单词中第一个音节是开音节还是闭音节：双音节单词中的两个元音是 两个音节的中心，元音是由元音字母或元音字母组合发出的音，因此，首先找到单词 中的两个元音字母或元音字母组合，两个中心就清楚了。两个中心之间的辅音字母（不是字母组合）则分别划归两个音节，第一个音节即为闭音节，如果两个中心之间 的辅音字母为双写字母（包含“r，分别划归前后，第一个音节按闭音节读音。如：pape r/pe i pa/（pa 为开音节）m e m be r/m e m ba/（m e m 为闭音节）happy/hae pi/（hap 为闭音节）sorry/sO ri/（sor 为闭音节）ce rtai nly/s9：tni l/I am sorry.I can t go wi th you.（对不起。我不能和你一起去。）Thanks./Thank you./Thank you ve ry m uch./Thank a lot./Many thanks.You are we lcom e./That s O K./That s all ri ght.I t s m y ple asure./Wi th ple asure.（这是我的荣幸。）m ake f ri e nd wi th X.（和.交朋友）Thanks f or+n./v.i ng=Thanks X.f or+n./v.i ngbe low在下方（非正下方）反义词：above在上面（非正上方，没有接触面）unde r在.下面（正下方反义词：on有接触面），ove r没有接触面）在上面（正上方）ke e p+sth.+adj.使某物保持某状态。ke e p+adj.保持某状态。表示请求、建议、期望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句用“som e。问：L e t.答：O K./All ri ght./That s a good i de a./That sounds good./S orry,sport用来修饰名词要变为sportso play+the+乐器 Erhu 除外be动词后叫表语，修饰名词叫定语，修饰动词叫状语，前后两词对等叫同位语。RMB和日元变复数不变，其他要。be good wi th X.=ge t on we ll wi th X.与某人相处的很好问：How of te n doe s Ri ck run on we e ke nd答：Ri ck usually runs on we e ke nd.always（总是）A usually（通常）A of te n 1 经常）som e ti m e 1 有时）se ldom（很 少A ne ve r（从不频度副词放在be动词或助动词之后，实意动词或行为动词之前。感慨句：What+（a/an）+adj.+n,+（主）+（谓）！如：What be auti f ul f lowe rs the y are!How+adj./adv.+（主）+谓）！如：How be auti f ul the f lowe rs are!Can you thi nk what hi s job i s含有宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句的从句必须是陈述 句。S tart to do sth.开始做某事 be f am ous f or.因.知名忙于某事be busy doi ng sth.be busy wi th sth.对某人某事严格be stri ct wi th X.be stri ct i n sth./doi ng sth.f or+时间段做某事延续多久 问：How long do you have volle yball答：I have volle yball f or two hours.ask X.som e que sti ons.问某人一些问题ask X.to do sth.叫某人做某事 no=not any be cause不和so同时使用，although（尽管）不和but同时使用。li ttle修饰不可数名词儿乎没有（否认）a li ttle有一些（肯定）f e w修饰可数名词几乎没有（否认）a f e w有一些（肯定）e i the r：两者中的任何一个都行。ne i the r：两者中的任何一个都不。用m ay提问的句子答复用can/can t或m ust/m ustn,t;用can提问的句子 答复用can/can t;用m ust提问的句子答复用ne e d/ne e dn t.如：1.May I park m y car he reYe s,you can/m ust./No,you can t/m ustn t.2.Can I watch TVYe s,you can./No,you can,t.3.Must I cle an the classroom thi s m orni ngYe s,you ne e d./No,you ne e dn t.be af rai d of doi ng sth./be af rai d of sth.畏惧做某事/某物 be f ond of=li ke m ake a conti nuati on to sth.对.有奉献 do we ll i n=be good at 擅长.比拟级+and+比拟级 越来越.gi ve back=re turn 归还 法国人单数：Fre nchm an/Fre nchwom an英国人单数：Engl i shm an/Engl i shwom anChi ne se和Japane se单复数同形 i n the world在世界上all ove r the world/around the world/the whole word 全世界 i n the school在学校里 i n school在学校学习 outsi de在.外面outsi de the gate to the park 在公园门外 turni ng 转角 go down+.沿着.路走go strai ght down+.沿着.路直走 e njoy doi ng sth.喜欢做某事e njoy one se lf=have a good ti m e=have f un take a walk=go f or a walk=have a walk the be gi nni ng of.的开始at the be gi nni ng of强调在.开始的那一刻i n the be gi nni ng 起初，一开始f rom the be gi nni ng 开始时f rom be gi nni ng to e nd从开始到结束 vi si t+地点、参观某地a vi si t to+地点、参观某地 have f un doi ng sth.做.很开心 地点+i s a gre at place to do sth.是一个做.的地方 be busy wi th sth.忙于某事 the way to.去.的路on the way to+地点在去.的路上on one s way to+地点某人在去.的路上on m y way to hom e在我回家的路上pass sth.to sb.pass sb.sth.把某物递给某人,+i n+大地方 arri ve d+at+小地方arri ve at school 到达学校 ge t to school re ach school 主语+hope(that)+从句 主语+hope+to do sth.li ve on.靠.为生take主语为物It takes sb.+时间、金钱+to.do sth.做某事要花某人多少 时间、金钱花费:spend主语为人spend+时间、金钱+on sth./(in)doing sth.cost主语为物(强调金钱)This book costs me 3 yuan.pay主语为人 be twe e n两者之间am ong三者或三者以上之间 across指在表面穿过、有接触面 +n.many kinds ofall kinds of如：Pe ople 1 i ke thi s ki nd of ani m als,be cause the y re ki nd of cute.i n the south of 在.南部 asle e p 睡着的 adj.f all asle e p 入睡 be asle e p 正睡着 be f ri e ndly to X.对某人友好 don t f orge t to do sth.不要忘记做某事 te ll X.to do sth.叫某人去做某事te ll X.not to do sth.叫某人不去做某事.卜top to do sth.停下正在做的，去做某事stop doing sth.停下正在做的是 介词+doi ng sth.would li ke to do sth.想要做某事 Whi ch place do you li ve i n=Whe re do you li ve I sn,t he cute 否认疑问句 S am wants to play baske tball,doe sn t he 翻译疑问句 Why not do sth.=Why don t you do sth.practi ce doi ng sth.练习做某事 use sth.to do sth.比拟级中的代词用 that,如：The m ap of Be i ji ng i s be tte r than that of Ti anji n.sai d to one se lf 自言自语 be care f ul not to do sth.小心别做某事 do one s be st尽某人的全力 卜 生任Mbe made of看得出原材料的 由.制作的Vbe make from看不出原材料的 be sati sf i e d wi th.对.中意 be f ull of 满是.Jin the front of在内部的前面in front of在外部的前面 条件状语从句：主语为将来时，从句为一般现在时。如：We 11 have a sportsm e e ti ng i f i t doe sn t rai n tom orrow.I f s（形式主语）+adj.+（f or X.）+to do sth.（主语）做某事怎么样。如：I t s i m portant f or hi m to play the pi ano.弹钢琴对他很重要。I t s+adj.+of X.to do sth.（adj.应为 X.的本身性质）如：I t s ki nd of you to he lp m e.你援助了我，你真好。go across the bri dge 过桥 i n+时间段（将来时）多久后 十、u 七、ufafter（放在时间前）在之后，多久乙后later（放在时间后）What doe s she do=WhatJ s she=What s he r jobJ work(UN)Ijob(CN)sometimes频度副词；有时sometime某时，某个不确定的时间如：I hope I can vi si t Hong Kong som e ti m e,some times 几次some time 一些时间give sb.sth.give sth.to sb.,给某人某物（sth.直接宾语，sb.间接宾语）get sth.from sb.从某人那里得到某物.wear穿的状态put on穿上 talk to/wi th X.与某人交谈.be in danger处于危险中be out of danger 脱离危险 be out外出.ask sb.sth.问某人某事 ask sb.to do sthJI 某人做某事 wai tre ss女效劳员.work with sb.与某人工作work with sth.工作与某物有关 be late f or.做.迟到了need sth.需要某物.need（实义动词）need to do sth.需要做某事 need doing 需要被.如：The flowers need watering.花需要被浇水。le arn by one se lf=te ach one se lf 自学.Jteachsb.sth.教某人某事teach sb.to do sth.教某人去做某事watch长时间的看 工see强调看的结果 看4look强调看的过程、动作read阅读 show X.sth.=show sth.to X.late ly 最近see sb.doing sth.看到某人正做某事 wait to do sth.等待做某事cawt wait to do sth.迫不及待地想要做某事 thanks f or+n./动名词 表语一般放在be动词后，定语一般放在名词前。be wi th X.与某人在一起J every one 指人=every body every one可以指人，也可以指物 描述头发：美丽+长短+形状+颜色描述人的长相：have/has+.hai r/e ye s/e ars/m outh/nose.i s/am/are+tall/short/thi n/he avy/good-looki ng/of m e di um he i ght.strong的反义词：we ak虚弱的 love to do sth.喜欢做某事 we ar用进行时态时表示短时间内的状态。如：Mi ss L i i s we ari ng a ne w dre ss today.李老师今天穿着一件新裙子。popular流行；受欢迎的pop流行good-looking外在美（指男性或女性）beautiful外在美或内在美（指女性或物）ordinary-looking 相貌平平ugly-looking相貌不好看的；相貌丑的handsome漂亮；英俊 ki nd of=a li ttle bi t+adj./adv.=a li ttle bi t of+n.tell sb.joke给某人讲笑话 v make a joke with sb.和某人开玩笑Dont make such kind of jokes with others 别和别人开这种玩笑 多个形容词修饰名词时一，顺序为：限定词（the；a数词描绘词大小、长短、形状、新旧、颜色）出处材料性质、类别名词a small round table.如：a famous German medical school.an expensive Japanese sports car.fremember to do sth.记得去做某事remember doing sth.记得做过某事.J-Who cleaned the classroom?-The students did.特别喜欢：like.a lot/very much彳有一点喜欢：likea little一点都不喜欢：（doesnt）dont like.at all outgoi ng外向的 What f i ne we athe r i t i s!=How f i ne the we athe r i s!+sth.would like+to do sth.+sb.to do sth.f-Would you like sth.?.-Yes,please./No,thanks.f-Would you like to do sth.?-Yes,rd like to./T d like to,but I.round the world 全世界 junk f ood垃圾食物make a reason to do sth.为做某事编一个理由 give the reason for sth.,一*八，4e.m ost of 5 给出某事/做某事的理由give the reason for doing sth.J如：give me your reasons for being late.be on a vi si t(n.)to.=vi si t(v.).stay+adj.保持.practise(v.)=practice practice(v.)+n./pron./doing sth.practice(n.)(没有practise)如：Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧在山顶上on the top of the mountain 在半山腰 half way up the mountain 在山脚下 at the foot of the mountain be angry wi th X.It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.做某事花某人多少时间,fon sth.人+spend+时间/金钱+(in)doing sth.for sth.人+P叫sb.+金钱物+cost+sb.+钱中的大多数watch sb./sth.+do sth.（看见经常做或做过）doing sth.（看见正在做）to do sth.It is time for sth.for sb.to do sth.He doe sn t want to do anythi ng.=He wants to do nothi ng.He lp one se lf to sth.受.欢迎 play a joke on X.和某人开玩笑 dre ss X.为某人穿衣装扮 动词原型及其过去式 to+v.(不定式)make sb.do sth.省略to的不定式 let sb.do sth.have sb.do sth.help sb.(to)do sth.可加可不加anothe r+n.（单）oneothe otherooneothe othersonewould like sb.to do sth.its fun to do sth.have fun doing sth.动词原形：过去式 am/i s j was动词原形：过去式 are we re.且苗熙过去式 be ar（忍受）1 borebe at（打击；打败）be at1be com e be cam e1 be gi n be ganbre ak（使,破碎）|瓦小1bri ng broughtbui ld（建造）1 bui ltbuy boughtcan couldcatch caughtcom e|cam ecost costcut cutdo/doe s di ddraw dre wdri nk drankdri ve j drovee at atef all f e llf e e d f e df i ght f oughtf i nd f oundf ly f le wf orge t f orgotge t gotgi ve gavego we ntgrow gre whung（闲 hang（吊）逛）hange d（吊）1have/has|had11,1 1.he ar he ard1hold he ldhurt hurtke e p ke ptknow J kne wlay（下蛋）j lai dle ad（引导）le dle arn le arndle ave le afli e（说谎）|1 i e d/layle t le tlose J lostm ake m adem ay m i ghtm e an m e antm e e t m e tpay pai dwi n wonput putre ad re adri de roderi ng rangrun|ransay sai dse e|sawse ll soldse nd se ntwi11 wou1dwri te wrote 1shal1 should1 showe d 过去 show 分词：1 shownsi ng sangsi t satsle e p sle ptspe ak 1 spokestand 1 stoodswe e p swe ptswi m swamtake tookte ach taught1 te ll 1 told11thi nk 1 thought1throw（抛；!”、1 thre w扔）we ar!wore11 I t s ti m e f or X.to do sth.be worry（adj.）about（担忧.）=worry（v.）aboutgo on doing sth.继续做同一件事 go on to do sth.结束去做某件事去 f/f e+ve s叶子半数自己黄,妻子拿刀去砍娘。架后窜出一只狼，就像盗贼逃口口亡。le af le ave shalfhalve sse lf f se lve swi f ewi ve skni ve kni ve sshe lfshe lve swolf f wolve sthi e f f thi e ve s1 i f e-1 i ve sso.that如此.以致di scuss wi th X.sth.find sb.doing sth.see sb.doing sth.watch sb.doing sth.J see sb.doing sth.(经过时看到正在做)see sb.do sth.(看见整个过程)as soon as 一.就 S tand sth.Maybe adv.e xe rci se(v.)=do e xe rci se(n.)/do sportsDo more exercise(un.),you will be healthier.Do morning/eyes exercises 有修饰词作为(cn.)频率副词例如位Igl实义动词前，助动词、be动词、情态动词后I usually go to the park.S he usually goe s to the park.S he usually we nt to the park last ye ar.频率副词不影响动词形成 How of te nHow m anyHow m uchHow long时间多久How f ar距离多远How soon 多快 例：How soon wi ll you com e back?I n two days.How m any ti m e s 多少次 re sult f or do sth.want X.to do sth.J interesting东西令人觉得很有趣 intered感到谁很有趣 Thanks f or doi ng sth.try to do sth.尽力做某事thy doing sth.尝试做某事vegetable(cn.)fruit(un.)be di f f e re nt f rom 与.不同 look af te r=take care of 照顾(重视)health n.healthy adj.style风格、方法f grade评价mark直观的分数help sb.(to)do(v.)sth.help sb.with sth.the old 老人 ki nd pe rson 热心人 the sam e as 与.样 ki nd of=a li ttle(bi t)ke e p i n good he althy=ke e p he althy m ake a plan f or 为.做方案 although=though让步状语从句：虽然、尽管hardadv.a hard job 难的-a hard stone 硬的hard-working 努力的 fwork hard努力地 if s rainy hard 雨下很大maybe adv.,Maybe he is a student 例may be 情态v.+v.(原)He may be a student be good at sth./doi ng sth.advi ce(un.)建议 a pi e ce of advi ce.卜ore肌肉引发炎症，酸痛ache连续疼痛，多加在身体部位后 lots of=a lot ofgoodfineadv.welladj.表示身体好=fineWhats the matter with sb.?Whats the trouble with sb.?Whats wrong(adj.)with sb.?Whats happened to sb.?ftired(adj.)主观感受到疲劳 tire(n.),tieing令人感到疲劳 ce rtai nly 当然 sound li ke+名词/名词词组sometimes有时，常用于一般现在时some times 几次 sometime某个时候，常用于将来时some time 一段时间，常用于现在完成时 want X.to do sth.想要某人做某事=would li ke X.to do sth.try to do sth.尽力做某事try not to do sth.尽力不做某事 hope表示有可能完成的心愿。hope to do sth.期望去做某事；hope+that从句(that可以省略)。其它，hope后面+s。表示“期望如此；hope not表示“期望不是这样。wi sh表示的心愿有点难完成。wi sh to do sth,期望做某事；wi sh X.to do sth.期望某 人做某事；wi sh that从句，从句所表示的期望一般是不可能完成的，故用虚拟语气。.Ja balance of(balanced(adj.).J traditional(adj.)tradition(n.)like+名词短语 像4 for example+句子 Ne e d sth./to do sth.Be good f or sth./doi ng sth.ge t变得maybe(adv.)may+v.(原)be.wi th sth.too much+n.(un)I t s+adj.to do sth.i m prove 提高 have a pai n i n the+身体部位 名词修饰名词：修饰词总为单数wom an m an跟着所修饰词单复数变化sport作为修饰词总为复数 the re be+主语+doi ng sth.i f：条件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来时。ill表语：The boy is ill.表语：The boy is sick.定语：This is a sick boy.不擅长：be we ak i s擅长：be good at Angry wi th X.about X.为某事生某人的气。f or表目的，例：We com e he re f or vacati on.spend time with sb.花时间在某人身上spend花费on sth.sb.spend,(in)doing sth.将来时：1.wi ll+v.(原)2.be goi ng to do sth.3.用现在进行时表将来时有方向性的词 计划好的事 k U-J babysitting babysitbabysat X.pay 钱 f or sth.He is leaving in the morning.He is leaving on the morning of 2 8 th.He is leaving on a cold morning.有adj.修饰表示天气气候用on go away 离开 Have a good ti m e=Enjoy yourse lf se nd X.sth.=se nd sth.to X.show X.sth.=show sth.to X.单数复数中日友好莫要变Chi ne seJapane seChi ne seJapane se英法联盟元音牵Engli shm an Fre nchm anEngli shm e n Fre nchm e nfamousbe famous as 作为be famous for 因.出 名jaychou is famous as a singer._-fShantou is famous for the beautiful beach.而出名planne d-planni ng*natural自然的 f i ni sh doi ng sth.完成某事 hope to do sth./从句n.plan f plan to do sth.v.plan sth.I can t wai t to do sth,我迫不及待想做某事the num be r of.的数量de pe nd on 依赖于i n the m ountai n 在山区so.that,汝口止匕.以致too.to ke e p+宾语+adj.宾补）v.opensThe windows is adj开着的（closed adj.关着的）closed de ci de to do sth./on sth./on doi ng sth.宾语从句：陈述句语序 ge t to=re ach=arri ve i n/at Would/Wi ll you ple ase+v（原）si t at the table 用餐 the f i nal（adj.最后的）e xam期末考试 How提问方法方法thousand 千 前面加确数不加sbi lli on 十亿 地+i s+距离+（away）f rom B 地有具体距离不再用f arMy home is far（away）from my school.My home 10 kilometers（away）from my school.I t s+距离+f rom A to B划线局部提问：I t s le n ki lom e tre s f rom m y hom e to school.How f ar i s i t f rom your hom e to school?I t take X.to do sth.例：I t take s hi m about 10 m i nute s to ri de to the stati on.ri de 车程：An hour s