1、幼儿园环境之班级区域环境创设 环境 在教育中的价值 幼儿的第三任教师环境 思考:空间布局如何?视觉美感如何?1.视觉美感不统一2.空间布局无规划幼儿园班级环境 存在两大问题整体协调的视觉美感+巧妙合理的空间布局=合格的园所环境主要内容 一、基本理论 定义、种类、数量 二、如何创设 班级区域环境 第一部分 小区域里的大学问 区域活动定义01什么是区域活动 u蒙台梭利:教师要为幼儿创设“有准备的环境”,把教室分成日常生活练习区、感官教育区、数学教育区、语言教育区、科学教育区、文化教育区和艺术教育区;u高宽课程理论:强调幼儿既是积极的活动者和学习者,也是学习过程的计划者和利用者;教师提供丰富的环境和
2、材料,根据幼儿的发展需要制订合理的教学计划,并对幼儿的发展做出评价,适时做出指导;u加德纳多元智力理论:人的智力是多元的,需要进行个别化的教学,主张为幼儿提供多元的切入点和多元化的学习环境。区域活动:是幼儿在教师有目的、有计划创设的有准备的环境中进行的自由、自主、自选的活动。主要特点:自由、自选自主交往和操作教师间接指导个性化学习和发展 区域的种类02区域活动的种类u基本区(常规区域):角色区、美工区、语言区、建构区、操作区(科学区、益智区);u特色区(增设区域):涂鸦区、棋类区、编织区、陶泥区、私密区、种植区、拆装区等;u主题区域:与主题课程开展结合创设的区域 区域的选择和数量03区域的选择
3、和数量按照幼儿的兴趣和需要设置(如:小班娃娃家)按照阶段性发展目标设置(如:小班精细动作练习-生活操作区;大班幼小衔接-益智区、阅读区等)区域是动态的、可变的(区域之间更新、区域活动内容调整)数量需要根据班级幼儿人数、面积大小、材料多少等确定,要能满足所有幼儿进行自主自选活动。区域的选择和数量 基本区规划要点04语言区规划要点1.采光充足、安静的位置;2.要有地垫、舒适的靠枕、抱枕或坐垫,布置温馨;3.中大班要1-2张桌子,可将阅读区域和书写区分开,小班可不需桌子;4.语言区要给幼儿提供听说读写材料的地方;5.大班语言区的图书量要比中小班多,摆放图书的柜子也相应多,注意图书的摆放方式应多方位并
4、分类摆放;6.大班可以分为:绘本类、植物类、动物类、海报类、地图类和指读类等。语言区益智区规划要点1.益智区要设置在安静的地方,可与美工区和语言区相邻;2.大班益智区包括科学、数学、操作等材料,如果空间允许可进行细分;3.大班的益智区要大,桌子3-4张,柜子3-4个,可由三个小区合并成一个大区;4.小班的益智区桌子2-3张,柜子2-3个,操作的材料要相对多一些。益智区角色区规划要点1.小班以娃娃家为主,空间要大一些(可划分厨房、客厅、睡房等多个功能区),布置温馨;2.中班可设医院、理发店、照相馆等;3.大班的角色区不要求大,内容选择比中小班多,医院、理发店、消防站、照相馆、快递站、警察局、超市
5、等;4.角色区的桌椅、板凳和柜子数量根据内容需要设置。角色区美工区规划要点1.靠近水源,光线好;2.提供宽大的操作桌面,小班2-3张,中大班3-4张;3.最少要有3-4个材料柜,投放多种柜子,将工具和各类材料分门别类放好,并标识清楚;4.纸类素材可用多层木匣放好;5.提供展示架或展示台,墙面可张贴幼儿作品;6.如果空间较大,可将美工区隔为数个小区,如绘画区、纸工区、泥工区等;7.放置废旧物回收箱,分别存放纸张类、玻璃类、颜料类等。美工区建构区规划要点1.场地相对要大,不要放在过道;2.有防止噪音的地垫;3.放置2-3个柜子,方便收放单元积木;4.最好与角色区相邻;5.如果活动室小,可利用活动室
6、集中区设置。建构区 第二部分 如何创设班级区域环境 区域创设基本原则01区域创设的基本原则目标性原则(材料投放要有导向性、计划性和层次性)全面性原则(动作发展、语言发展、社会性发展、认知发展、个性和情绪情感发展)科学性原则(空间分割和布局、材料投放适宜、安全等)互动性原则(与同伴间的互动、与环境和材料的互动)科学合理的空间分割02区域创设的基本原则区域的数量与大小要适宜(活动室面积、幼儿人数、进区频率等)“动区”与“静区”要避免相互影响(相对安静区:阅读区、美工区、益智区;相对热闹的区:角色区、建构区、表演区)开放与封闭程度要有所差异(开放或半开放:表演区、角色区、建构区;相对封闭:阅读区、美
7、工区等)区域之间要能联动(美工区与阅读区、自然角与益智区、自然角与美工区等)活动室造型u巧妙利用家具的多种功能;u利用高层,扩大使用面积;u利用天花板和墙面做展示区;u充分利用室内阳台或室外空间;空间较小(45-60)布局 45-60小班活动室平面示意图充分利用走廊 45-60小班活动室平面示意图u活动室内可以同时设置七个活动区,考虑动静结合,不随意安排;u各活动区的空间可供4-6名幼儿游戏,每个区角约有6.5;u可单独规划出展示区,充分利用墙面展示;空间充足(60-90)布局 60-90小班活动室平面示意图中间集体教学四周设活动区通道流通顺畅u避免大面积的开放空间,避免秩序问题的增加;u活动
8、室内以L型和U型来区隔,L型可以使角落得到充分利用,U型提供单一的出入口,而家具、柜子、书架和低分割物可用来形成通道流动模式;空间较大(90)布局活动室通道流动模式图大而有序U型区隔巧用家具通道流通u除了基本活动区外,还可以充分利用较大的活动室空间开展园所特色区域活动,如私密区(供幼儿宣泄情绪)、电脑区、写字区、茶艺区、木工区等。面积90大班活动室平面图以茶艺为特色的区域活动 区 域环境 建 议备 注1.区角包括:角色区、表演区、美工区、阅读区、科学区、益智区、建构区等。2.区角的数量:小班一般5-6个,中班6-7个,大班7-8个。3.活动区的类别、大小根据班级实际空间、幼儿人数、年龄段进行设
9、置。4.区角根据教学内容的需要定期更换。5.活动区材料的摆放应该是开放式的,可供幼儿自由选择和取放。6.选择无毒无害的材料,材料的投放要符合幼儿的兴趣和发展需要。7.区角的搭配要遵循动静分离的原则。8.材料的投放要以半成品,大班可投放原始材料。根据班级的面积和幼儿年龄段的差异投放不同的材料,并注意和班级整体装饰风格保持一致。年中系列80页数据图表大合集第第1 1季季OurBusinessPlanChoosePlanProfessional$2.99/month50 GB Storage1 Free Domain Name100 Mailboxes5 One-Click Apps25 Datab
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