暑假专题——区别定语从句和名词性从句.doc

一、教学内容暑假专题区别定语从句和名词性从句1. 定语从句引导词： that, which, who, whom, whose, as when, where, why2. 名词性从句引导词： that whether, if 疑问词 (what, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, how等 ) wh- ever *特别注意：定语从句的任一引导词均在定语从句中作成分。名词性从句的引导词中that 和whether/if 是不作成分的；但是疑问词和wh-ever 在从句中要作成分。（一）重点区分一些容易混淆的引导词的使用：1. 注意区分使用that： There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他干那件事情。（引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语） This is the very dictionary (that) I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。（引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，可省略） Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门边的那个人是谁？（引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语） That is all (that) I want to say. 那就是我想说的。（引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，可省略） = That is what I want to say. （what引导的表语从句，并在从句中作宾语） It was thought that the earth was flat. 过去人们认为地球是平的。（that 引导的主语从句，在从句中不作成分） He told us again (that) such a thing would never happen. 他再次告诉我们这样的事再也不会发生了。（that 引导的宾语从句，在从句中不作成分，且常可省略） We have to make it clear that our job is very important. 我们必须阐明这一点，我们的工作是非常重要的。 （that 引导的宾语从句；因有it作形式宾语，所以引导词虽在从句中不作成分，但that不可省略） The fact is that he has left . 事实是他已经走了。 （that引导的表语从句，在从句中不作成分，但不可省略）* 尤其须注意区别同位语从句和定语从句：（因为都是放在名词后面的从句） The news that he would leave surprised every one of us. 他要离开的消息让我们每个人都感到意外。（同位语从句：that不作成分，从句用来解释the news 的内容） The news (that) he told us yesterday has turned out to be true. 他昨天告诉我们的消息已经证明是真的。 （定语从句：that 在从句中作宾语，从句是修饰限定先行词the news的）2. that和what的使用区别：that既能引导定语从句，又能引导名词性从句；what不能引导定语从句，只能引导名词性从句；（what在引导名词性从句时，必须在从句中作主语，表语或宾语等成分；常译为：的东西，的事物，的事情）【典型例题】This is the best film _ I have ever seen. A. what B. that C. which D. whose答案：B体会下面各从句的使用： Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 上海不再是原来的样子了。（that引导的定语从句：修饰限定先行词the city；that在从句中充当表语）= Shanghai is no longer what it used to be. （what引导的表语从句：what在从句中充当表语） That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想说的。（that引导的定语从句：修饰限定先行词all；并在从句中作宾语）= That is what I want to say. （what引导的表语从句：并在从句中作宾语）3. 介词后面的which和what的使用区别： Oct 1, 1949 was the day on which (= when) the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 （定语从句：先行词为the day ） The house in which (= where) I lived 10 years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住过的房子已经被拆除了。 （定语从句：先行词为the house ） Is this the car for which you paid a high price? 这就是你花大价钱买的车吗？ （定语从句：先行词为the car） The teacher was pleased with what the child had achieved in his study. 老师对孩子在学习上取得的成绩表示满意。 （宾语从句：what引导的宾语从句充当介词with后的宾语；且what在从句中作had achieved的宾语。） I can judge by what I know of him. 我可以根据我对他的了解来判断。（宾语从句：what引导的宾语从句充当介词by 后面的宾语；且what在从句中作know的宾语。）* which也可引导名词性从句，但它保留疑问词的词义：“哪一个/ 哪一些”；如： There are so many bicycles; I dont know which one is hers. 这儿有这么多的自行车，我不知道哪一辆是她的。【典型例题】（解题关键：弄清楚从句的性质，再作出相应的选择。） Could you do me a favor?It depends on _ it is. A. who B. which C. what D. that Gun control is a subject about _ Americans have argued for a long time. A. which B. that C. what D. whichever A new city has been set up in _ used to be a wasteland 10 years ago. A. which B. that C. what D. where 对比区别：A new city has been set up in the very place _ used to be a wasteland 10 years ago. A. that B. which C. where D. what We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. A. which B. what C. whether D. that 答案：CAC(A)C4. 区别：as 引导的定语从句和that / what 引导的名词性从句：【典型例题】 _ is known to us all, the 2012 Olympic Games will take place in London. _ is known to us all that the 2012 Olympic Games will take place in London. _ is known to us all is that the 2012 Olympic Games will take place in London. A. It B. What C. Which D. That E. As _ disappointed us was _ he didnt come to the party yesterday. A. What; / B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 答案：EAB; B5. 其他引导词在各从句中的使用：（注意区分词义） She is the girl who lives next door. 她就是住在隔壁的女孩。 （who 引导的定语从句；who 指代先行词the girl，并在从句中作主语。） Im wondering who should be responsible for the accident . 我一直在想谁应该为这次事故负责。 （who 引导的宾语从句；who 在从句中作主语，意为：谁。） This is the scientist whose achievements are well known. 这就是那位成就卓越的科学家。 （whose引导的定语从句：whose指代先行词the scientist，并在从句中作定语，修饰achievements。） Do you know whose coat it is ? 你知道这是谁的上衣吗？ （whose引导的宾语从句：whose意为：谁的；注意语序要用陈述句语序。） Can you tell me the office where he works? 你能告诉我他工作的办公室吗？ （where引导的定语从句：修饰限定先行词the office，并在从句中作状语。） Can you tell me where he works? 你能告诉我他在哪工作吗？ （where引导的宾语从句：where意为：在哪。） The office is where he works. 这个办公室就是他工作的地方。 （where引导的表语从句：where意为：的地方。）6. 特殊疑问词引导的名词性从句和wh-ever引导的名词性从句的区别：注意词义的区别： 特殊疑问词保留其原意； wh-ever 强调“无论，不管”，没有疑问词义。（但要注意：不能使用no matter wh- ）【典型例题】 Could I speak to _ is in charge of the department, please?A. who B. whoever C. someone D. anyone They are discussing _ should be in charge of the department.A. who B. whoever C. someone D. anyone He asked me _ broke the glass.A. who B. whoever C. that D. whom _ goes against the law shall be punished. A. Who B. Whoever C. No matter who D. Anyone Could you do me a favour?It depends on _ it is.A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever 答案：BAABC7. wh-ever 与no matter wh- 的用法区别：wh-ever 既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句；而no matter wh- 只能引导让步状语从句。如： Whatever I said, he wouldnt listen to me. = No matter what I said, he wouldnt listen to me. 无论我说什么，他都不会听我的。 （让步状语从句） He would believe whatever I said. 我说什么他都信。（宾语从句） Whoever goes against the law, he shall be punished. = No matter who goes against the law, he shall be punished. 不管谁触犯了法律，都要受到惩罚。（让步状语从句） Whoever goes against the law shall be punished. 不管谁触犯了法律，都要受到惩罚。（主语从句）（二）即学即用：1. _ she was invited to the ball made her very happy. A. Whether B. That C. When D. Because 2. The boy dived into the water and after _ seemed to be a long time, he came up again. A. what B. it C. that D. which 3. She would tell the story to _ passed by. A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever 4. What are you worrying about?_ you can return the book to me in time. A. If B. Whether C. When D. What 5. _ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. No matter who C. Anyone D. The one who6. _ a terrible storm would take place in Hainan. A. Word came which B. Word came that C. Word that came D. Word which came 7. The little girl who got lost decided to remain _ she was and wait for her mother.A. where B. whatC. how D. who8. The manager came over and asked the customer how _. A. did the quarrel came aboutB. the quarrel had come about C. the quarrel has come aboutD. had the quarrel come about 9. What made him so upset?_ he failed in his examination.A. What B. That C. Because D. Whether10. A reading room is _ you can read newspapers and magazines as well as books. A. in which B. that C. where D. the place 11. I had an experience some years ago, _ taught me something Ill never forget. A. this B. that C. what D. which 12. _, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.A. However the story is amusing B. No matter amusing the story is C. However amusing the story isD. No matter how the story is amusing13. You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have to do. A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever14. All the books I have are here. You may borrow _ you like.A. whatever B. whicheverC. whenever D. however15. The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. A. whichever B. no matter which C. whatever D. no matter what 答案：BABBD BABBC DCABC【模拟试题】（答题时间：50分钟）. 单项填空：1. Its no longer a question now _ man can land on the moon.A. thatB. whichC. whetherD. what2. If I were any younger, I could do _ I am interested in.A. no matter whatB. whateverC. no matter whichD. whichever3. He tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult it was.A. no matterB. howeverC. whateverD. although4. After _ was about ten minutes, the teacher gave the students the correct answer to the question.A. thatB. itC. whichD. what5. Youd better not leave the medicine _ kids can get at it.A. even ifB. whichC. whereD. so that6. I know nothing about the young lady _ she is from Beijing.A. exceptB. except forC. except thatD. except what7. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. What8. We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer.A. whichB. thatC. whoseD. when9. I phoned your home at around 9 yesterday evening. Why didnt you answer it?Impossible. Oh, now I remember: it was _ I was taking a bath.A. whenB. whichC. whereD. what10. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed.A. asB. whichC. whatD. that11. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether12. The thought _ Lao Gao would open a Sichuan restaurant in Los Angeles surprised his wife.A. thatB. whatC. whetherD. if13. People were perhaps more honest a long time ago when life was very different from _ it is today.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. how14. She found the wallet _ she lost it.A. whereB. whenC. in whichD. that15. _ we gave him something to eat, he would save it up for his little sister.A. WhateverB. HoweverC. WheneverD. Whichever. 完形填空“Can I see my baby?” the happy new mother asked. When the baby was placed in her arms and she was 1 . The baby had been born without ears.Time 2 that the babys hearing was perfect. It was only his 3 that was damaged. When he rushed home from school one day and 4 himself into his mothers arms, she sighed, _5_ that he would have many heartbreaks in his life.He grew up and became a(n) 6 with his classmates. He might 7 have been class president, but for that. The boys father 8 with the family physician in secret. “Could _9_ be done?” the father asked. “I believed I could 10 on a pair of outer ears, if they could be got.” the doctor answered. So the 11 began for a person who would make such a _12_ for a young man.Two years went by. Then the father said, “You are going to the hospital, son. Mother and I have someone who will give the ears you need. 13 its a secret,” said the father. The operation was very 14 , and a new person appeared. “But I must know!” he urged his father. “Who 15 so much for me? I could never do enough for him.” “I do not believe you could.” said the father.The secret was 16 for years till he stood with his father over his mothers coffin. Slowly and 17 , his father raised his mothers thick brown hair to 18 that his mother had no outer ears. “Mother said she was 19 she never let her hair be cut,” he whispered gently, “and nobody ever thought she was less 20 , did they?”( ) 1. A. angry B. disappointed C. surprised D. curious( ) 2. A. proved B. seemed C. told D. saw( ) 3. A. figure B. face C. ear D. appearance( ) 4. A. got B. put C. sent D. took( ) 5. A. knowing B. guessing C. doubting D. wondering( ) 6. A. enemy B. stranger C. favorite D. friend( ) 7. A. ever B. also C. even D. still( ) 8. A. asked B. spoke C. chatted D. said( ) 9. A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing( ) 10. A. transplant B. operate C. set D. fix( ) 11. A. operation B. search C. interview D. examination( ) 12. A. devotion B. effort C. sacrifice D. contribution( ) 13. A. Therefore B. But C. Though D. Otherwise( ) 14. A. normal B. useful C. difficult D. successful( ) 15. A. changed B. worked C. gave D. did( ) 16. A. discussed B. hidden C. spread D. kept( ) 17. A. carefully B. sadly C. excitedly D. tenderly( ) 18. A. see B. find C. show D. tell( ) 19. A. proudB. gladC. worriedD. regretful( ) 20. A. beautifulB. uglyC. respectableD. fashionable. 阅读理解AMany everyday American expressions are based on colors.Red is a hot color. Americans often use it to express heat. They may say they are red hot about something unfair. That means they are very angry about something. Fast loud music is popular with many people, and they may say the music is red hot.Pink is a lighter kind of red. People sometimes say they are in the pink when they are in good health. The expression was first used in America at the beginning of the 20th century. It probably comes from the fact that many babies are born with a nice pink color that shows that they are in good health.Blue is a cool color. The traditional blues music in the United States is the opposite of red hot music. Blues is slow, sad and soulful. There is a famous song Mood Indigo about the deep blue color, indigo. In the words of the song: “You aint (havent) been blue till youve had that Mood Indigo.” Someone who is blue is very sad.The color green is natural for trees and grass. But it is an unnatural color for humans. A person who has a sick feeling stomach may say she feels a little green. A passenger on a boat who is feeling very sick from high waves may look very green. Sometimes a person may be upset because he does not have something as nice as a friend has, such as a fast new car. That person may say he is green with envy. Some people are green with envy because a friend has more dollars or greenbacks. Dollars are called greenbacks because that is the color of the back side of the paper money.The color black is used often in expressions. People describe a day in which everything goes wrong as a black day. The date of a major tragedy is often remembered as a black day. Black-outs are common during World War Two. All lights in a city would be turned o