资源描述
名词复习课导学案
张琴 2018-4-12
Ⅰ学习目标:
1、了解名词的定义及分类
2、掌握名词的复数构成方法
3、掌握不可数名词的用法
4、名词的所有格
5、直击中考
Ⅱ 课前预习:
( )1. Daniel has tried to lose _____ by eating less recently, but two kilos
has been put on instead.
A. weight B. weights C. height D. heights
( )2. The broken ____ may cut into your hand if you touch it, you should
be careful.
A. glass B. glasses C. candle D. candles
( )3.Mickey mouse is one of the most famous ___ in American _____.
A. symbol; culture B. symbol; cultures
C. symbols; culture D. symbols; cultures
( )4.Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband
on ____ Day.
A. Woman B. Women C. Woman’s D. Women’s
( )5. ---Mum, I’ve heard that we can’t eat ____ these days. Is it true?
--- Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat.
A. chicken B. chickens C. a chicken D. the chicken
Ⅲ 课堂活动:
ⅰ.课前热身
1. Help yourself to some ______(soup).
2. We all like eating ________(tomato) and ________(potato).
3. This room is_____(Tom) and ______(Jack).
4. Today is ________(teacher) Day.
5. He is an old friend of my _______(father).
6. Best _______(wish) to you, girls!
7. There are four ______(man) teachers in our school.
ⅱ.回忆名词的定义以及分类
1. 定义:表示人,事物或抽象概念等的词叫名词.
分类:专有名词和普通名词。
2. 专有名词用来指具体的人、地点、日子或物体的专有名称。其特点是:第一个字母大写,无复数形式。专有名词大致有以下几种:
①人名、地名、国名。
Mary Smith;America;Mount Tai (泰山);the Pacific (太平洋)
②组织、团体、机构、报刊。the United Nations (联合国);
China Daily (中国日报)Beijing University
③时间、语言、月份、节日。
National Day (国庆节)Sunday;April;Chinese,English
练:( )1. Kangaroos live in ______.
A. China B. U.S. C. U.K. D. Australia
( )2. What class are you in? I think you are in _______.
A. Class Two, Grade One B. Grade One, Class Two
C. class two, Grade One D. grade one, class two
3.名词的复数变化形式
⑴ 规则变化形式
①一般情况下,直接加-s,如:
habit→_______ radio→______ month→______ monkey→_______
②以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾,加-es,如:
class→_____ box→_____ watch→_____ dish→_____
③以“f 或 fe”结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es,如:
knife→_____ thief→_____
口诀:妻子骑牛拿起刀,wife,calf,knife
追得贼狼满街跑,thief,wolf
碰倒架子丧己命,shelf, self,life
手帕树叶半空飘。handkerchief, leaf, half
④以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如:
party→_____ family→_____ story→_____ baby→_____
⑤以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。如: toy→_____ boy→_____ day→_____
⑥以辅音字母加“o”结尾的词,分两种情况
1)有生命的+es.
如: tomato→_____ hero→_____ negro→_____
口诀:黑人(negro)英雄(hero)爱吃土豆(potato)、芒果(mango)、西红柿(tomato)
2)无生命的+s .如:photo→_____ radio→_____
⑵ 不规则变化形式
① 不规则变化:
man→_____ woman→_____ child→_____ mouse→_____ foot→_____
② 单复数同形:Chinese; Japanese; sheep; fish; deer。
(巧记:中国人、日本人喜欢绵羊、鹿和鱼)
③ 通常以复数出现:trousers, glasses, gloves, shoes, socks, cloths, shorts,
④ 集体名词:family, class, team, people, police
⑶ 部分不可数名词的复数形式表示特殊意义:
glass玻璃 glasses眼镜; fish鱼肉 fishes鱼; exercise锻炼 exercises练习
life生活 lives 生命;time时间 times 次数;work工作works作品,著作
4.不可数名词的用法
不可数名词没有复数。
1.概念:物质名词和抽象名词无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词
2.用法:不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。之前不可直接用a/an和数词。但可与some起用。如:some money,some water。也可与the一起用:the information(这信息)。
3.不可数名词量的表达。
不可数名词不能与不定冠词或数词直接连用。如不能说 a good news,an advice,a hard work,要与表示单位的量词如a piece of等连用,若要表复数概念,要把单位词变复数。
Ex: 1. 一杯牛奶_____________ 2. 两瓶橙汁___________
3. 三则新闻_____________ 4. 四张纸____________
5. 五块面包_____________
5.名词所有格
a.表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格形式,在此名词词尾加's,或直接加'。
(1)单数名词加's,迈克的汽车________
(2)以s结尾的复数名词只加',不以s结尾的复数名词要加’s,如:
教师节________ 儿童节____________
(3)表示几个人共有,仅在最后一个人的名字后加’s,表示各自所有时,需在各个名字后加’s, 如: Mary and Jane's car(她俩人共有)
Mary's and Jane's cars(她俩各自的车)
(4)表示店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地点时名词所有格后面的名词习惯上省略。
如:the barber's=the barber's shop理发店
to my aunt’s=to my aunt’s house到我姑姑家
(5)有些指时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城镇等无生命的名词,也可以加's构成所有格。
如:今天的报纸__________ 一公里的旅程____________
世界的人口___________ 中国的宇航员____________
b.表示无生命的东西的所有格形式:名词+of+所有者,
如:一张我们教室的照片__________ 一张中国地图_________
c.双重所有格:即of+’s或of+名词性物主代词,
如:我父亲的一个朋友______________ 大明的几个同学_________
6. 部分名词辨析
辨一辨:1.读下边三个句子注意family, house及home的区别。
(我的家人)______________ are very kind.
He left _______(家)for Beijing.
They lived in a small ___________(房子).
2. 对比job与work.
I think a singer is an interesting _____, but a teacher is a boring one.
He always has lots of ________ to do.
3. 对比problem与question.
The _______ is that we have no money.
He asked us many __________.
4. 对比voice, noise与sound.
Her __________ is very sweet, so she sings well.
Don’t make so much _________.
You can hear the ________ of the running water.
Ⅳ. 巩固练习
( )1. I need three ____to write on.
A. piece of papers B. pieces of paper
C. piece of paper D. peices of papers
( )2.I'm afraid that there is no_________ for you in my car, because there are already five people.
A. land B. ground C. room D. floor
( )3.These Germans want to have some_______ for supper, so they decide to catch______ now.
A. fish, many B. fishes, much
C. fish, much D. fishes, many
( )4. I am thirsty. Would you bring me________, please?
A. some bread B. some water
C. some cakes D. some eggs
( )5.Some_________are flying kites near the river.
A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs
( )6.“It depends on my ______ decision,” the mother said and looked at her two sons.
A. children B. children’s C. child D. child’s
( )7. —Shall we go shopping now?
—Sorry. It’s not the right ___. I’m too tired.
A.way B.weather C.place D.moment
( )8. -- Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now?
-- Sorry, I know nothing about him. We are____.
A. friends B. neighbors C. classmates D. strangers
( )9. -- I have great __ in learning math and I'm so worried. Could you help me?
-- Sure. I'd be glad to.
A. trouble B. interest C. joy D. fun
( )10. The whole family __ watching TV.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
Ⅴ. <中考解读>P6~7练习
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