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名词复习课导学案 张琴 2018-4-12 Ⅰ学习目标: 1、了解名词的定义及分类 2、掌握名词的复数构成方法 3、掌握不可数名词的用法 4、名词的所有格 5、直击中考 Ⅱ 课前预习: ( )1. Daniel has tried to lose _____ by eating less recently, but two kilos has been put on instead. A. weight B. weights C. height D. heights ( )2. The broken ____ may cut into your hand if you touch it, you should be careful. A. glass B. glasses C. candle D. candles ( )3.Mickey mouse is one of the most famous ___ in American _____. A. symbol; culture B. symbol; cultures C. symbols; culture D. symbols; cultures ( )4.Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on ____ Day. A. Woman B. Women C. Woman’s D. Women’s ( )5. ---Mum, I’ve heard that we can’t eat ____ these days. Is it true? --- Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat. A. chicken B. chickens C. a chicken D. the chicken Ⅲ 课堂活动: ⅰ.课前热身 1. Help yourself to some ______(soup). 2. We all like eating ________(tomato) and ________(potato). 3. This room is_____(Tom) and ______(Jack). 4. Today is ________(teacher) Day. 5. He is an old friend of my _______(father). 6. Best _______(wish) to you, girls! 7. There are four ______(man) teachers in our school. ⅱ.回忆名词的定义以及分类 1. 定义:表示人,事物或抽象概念等的词叫名词. 分类:专有名词和普通名词。 2. 专有名词用来指具体的人、地点、日子或物体的专有名称。其特点是:第一个字母大写,无复数形式。专有名词大致有以下几种: ①人名、地名、国名。 Mary Smith;America;Mount Tai (泰山);the Pacific (太平洋) ②组织、团体、机构、报刊。the United Nations (联合国); China Daily (中国日报)Beijing University ③时间、语言、月份、节日。 National Day (国庆节)Sunday;April;Chinese,English 练:( )1. Kangaroos live in ______. A. China  B. U.S.  C. U.K. D. Australia ( )2. What class are you in?  I think you are in _______. A. Class Two, Grade One  B. Grade One, Class Two  C. class two, Grade One  D. grade one, class two 3.名词的复数变化形式 ⑴ 规则变化形式 ①一般情况下,直接加-s,如: habit→_______ radio→______ month→______ monkey→_______ ②以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾,加-es,如: class→_____ box→_____ watch→_____ dish→_____ ③以“f 或 fe”结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es,如: knife→_____ thief→_____ 口诀:妻子骑牛拿起刀,wife,calf,knife    追得贼狼满街跑,thief,wolf    碰倒架子丧己命,shelf, self,life    手帕树叶半空飘。handkerchief, leaf, half ④以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如: party→_____ family→_____ story→_____ baby→_____ ⑤以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。如: toy→_____ boy→_____ day→_____ ⑥以辅音字母加“o”结尾的词,分两种情况 1)有生命的+es. 如: tomato→_____ hero→_____ negro→_____ 口诀:黑人(negro)英雄(hero)爱吃土豆(potato)、芒果(mango)、西红柿(tomato) 2)无生命的+s .如:photo→_____ radio→_____ ⑵ 不规则变化形式 ① 不规则变化: man→_____ woman→_____ child→_____ mouse→_____ foot→_____ ② 单复数同形:Chinese; Japanese; sheep; fish; deer。 (巧记:中国人、日本人喜欢绵羊、鹿和鱼) ③ 通常以复数出现:trousers, glasses, gloves, shoes, socks, cloths, shorts, ④ 集体名词:family, class, team, people, police ⑶ 部分不可数名词的复数形式表示特殊意义: glass玻璃 glasses眼镜; fish鱼肉 fishes鱼; exercise锻炼 exercises练习 life生活 lives 生命;time时间 times 次数;work工作works作品,著作 4.不可数名词的用法 不可数名词没有复数。 1.概念:物质名词和抽象名词无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词 2.用法:不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。之前不可直接用a/an和数词。但可与some起用。如:some money,some water。也可与the一起用:the information(这信息)。 3.不可数名词量的表达。 不可数名词不能与不定冠词或数词直接连用。如不能说 a good news,an advice,a hard work,要与表示单位的量词如a piece of等连用,若要表复数概念,要把单位词变复数。 Ex: 1. 一杯牛奶_____________ 2. 两瓶橙汁___________ 3. 三则新闻_____________ 4. 四张纸____________ 5. 五块面包_____________ 5.名词所有格 a.表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格形式,在此名词词尾加's,或直接加'。 (1)单数名词加's,迈克的汽车________ (2)以s结尾的复数名词只加',不以s结尾的复数名词要加’s,如: 教师节________ 儿童节____________ (3)表示几个人共有,仅在最后一个人的名字后加’s,表示各自所有时,需在各个名字后加’s, 如: Mary and Jane's car(她俩人共有) Mary's and Jane's cars(她俩各自的车) (4)表示店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地点时名词所有格后面的名词习惯上省略。 如:the barber's=the barber's shop理发店 to my aunt’s=to my aunt’s house到我姑姑家 (5)有些指时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城镇等无生命的名词,也可以加's构成所有格。 如:今天的报纸__________ 一公里的旅程____________ 世界的人口___________ 中国的宇航员____________ b.表示无生命的东西的所有格形式:名词+of+所有者, 如:一张我们教室的照片__________ 一张中国地图_________ c.双重所有格:即of+’s或of+名词性物主代词, 如:我父亲的一个朋友______________ 大明的几个同学_________ 6. 部分名词辨析 辨一辨:1.读下边三个句子注意family, house及home的区别。 (我的家人)______________ are very kind.  He left _______(家)for Beijing.  They lived in a small ___________(房子).  2. 对比job与work.   I think a singer is an interesting _____, but a teacher is a boring one. He always has lots of ________ to do.  3. 对比problem与question.  The _______ is that we have no money.  He asked us many __________.  4. 对比voice, noise与sound.  Her __________ is very sweet, so she sings well.  Don’t make so much _________.  You can hear the ________ of the running water. Ⅳ. 巩固练习 ( )1. I need three ____to write on. A. piece of papers B. pieces of paper  C. piece of paper D. peices of papers  ( )2.I'm afraid that there is no_________ for you in my car, because there are already five people.  A. land B. ground C. room D. floor ( )3.These Germans want to have some_______ for supper, so they decide to catch______ now.  A. fish, many B. fishes, much C. fish, much D. fishes, many ( )4. I am thirsty. Would you bring me________, please?  A. some bread B. some water C. some cakes D. some eggs ( )5.Some_________are flying kites near the river.  A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs ( )6.“It depends on my ______ decision,” the mother said and looked at her two sons. A. children B. children’s C. child D. child’s ( )7. —Shall we go shopping now? —Sorry. It’s not the right ___. I’m too tired. A.way B.weather C.place D.moment ( )8. -- Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now? -- Sorry, I know nothing about him. We are____. A. friends B. neighbors C. classmates D. strangers ( )9. -- I have great __ in learning math and I'm so worried. Could you help me? -- Sure. I'd be glad to. A. trouble B. interest C. joy D. fun ( )10. The whole family __ watching TV. A. are B. is C. was D. were Ⅴ. <中考解读>P6~7练习
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