英语八种时态.doc

英语八种时态及语态
一． 现在进行时态 （ 正在进行）
1． 结构 ： Be + V- ing . 被动语态结构 am/is /are + being+ p.p
2． 关键词； look , listen , now, at the moment , at present
e. g The students ----------( play ) at five o’clock in the afternoon.
二． 一般现在时态 （ 经常性， 反复性）
1． 结构 A. be型 am/ is are + n / adj/ prep phrase 被动语态结构 am/is/are +p.p
e. g I am a student . / He is tired . / They are at home.
一般疑问句将be 提前，否定句 在be 后加not.
B． 行为动词：1). S+ V （ 主语除第三人称单数）
e. g We study English. / Do you study English ? / We don’t study English.
一般疑问句加助动词do ,否定句加助动词don’t.
They do their homework. / Do they do their homework ? / They don’t do their homework.
2). S + V（单三）。主语是第三人称（he, she, your mother, lily）; 动词第三人称变化相当于名词变复数。
E. g His brother studies hard every day. /Does his brother study hard every day ?
His brother doesn’t study hard every day.
一般疑问句在加Does, 否定句加doesn’t. 后要还原动词原形。
e. g Her sister does some cooking in the evening. / Does her sister do some cooking in the evening .? Her sister doesn’t do some cooking in the evening.
3. 关键词： every day ( week / month / year) / in the morning ( afternoon / evening)
On Monday (s) at weekend (s)
Always /often / usually /sometimes= at times. Once a week （how often）
三．一般过去时态 （过去的动作，状态）
1． 结构。A. be型was / were + n /adj/ prep phrase 被动语态结构 was/were +p.p
e. g I was a student. / He was tired . / They were at home.
一般疑问句将be 提前，否定句 在be 后加not.
B． 行为动词： S+ V 动词的过去时变化
e. g We study English. / Did you study English ? / We didn’t study English.
一般疑问句加助动词did ,否定句加助动词didn’t.
They did their homework. / Did they do their homework ? / They didn’t do their homework.
2.关键词： yesterday ( morning / afternoon /evening ) the day before yesterday.
Last night ( week / month /year) just now ago ( three days ago) in 1999
四．现在完成时态 （ 现在时态概念范畴）
1．结构， S+ P.P （ 过去分词的变化相当于变过去式）被动语态结构 has/have been +p.p

We have finished our homework. He has cleaned the table.
2. 关键词： already----yet ever—never / just / before / so far / since then= from then on
In/ during the last / past / recent some /several / 3 days
For+ 一段时间 since+过去的时间 （since 2000 / since three weeks ago）
这两个时间状语要用延续性动词 die ---be dead borrow/lend—keep buy / sell—have
Begin—be on join---be in leave—be away
e. g My grandfather died ten years ago.---- My grandfather has been dead for ten years.
3. has/ have been to + place （去过某地后回来）
Has /have been in + place （在某地呆了多久）
Has / have gone to + place （去了某地未回）
五． 一般将来时态
1.有计划，有打算 be + going to + V原 被动语态结构 am/is /are+ going to be +p.p
A. 表示位置移动的词要用现在进行时态代 Move / come /go / leave/fly/ start/
B. 不能用于if 的条件状语从句。
2．愿望中所发生的事 Shall /will + V原 (用于if 的条件状语从句)
shall/will be + p.p
3．有某事要发生 There is / are going to be + n
4. 有某事要发生 There will be + n / adj
关键词 tomorrow ( morning /afternoon/ evening) the day after tomorrow.
Next day /week/ month/ year. Later soon In+一段时间 （how soon）
六． 过去进行时态
1.结构 was/were+ving
2.关键词 At this time yesterday/ last week. At nine o’clock yesterday/ at that time及多用于从句中。
七．过去将来时态
结构1.Was/were going to +v 要注意表位置移动的词
2.should/ would+v 用于if从句，
八．过去完成时态
1.结构 had +P.P 被动语态结构 had been +p.p
2.关键词 by the end of+过去的时间 by the end of last year 及用于when / by the time的从句中
情态动词的被动语态 can/must /may +be + p.p