1、英语语法知识汇总-五年级英语语法知识汇总一、词类:1、名词这里强调两点:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is名词复数如何加后缀:各种不同情况变化方法例词一般情况直接加-sbook-books? bag-bags? cat-cats? bed-beds以s. x. sh. ch结尾加-esbus-buses? box-boxes? brush-brushes watch-watches? peachpeaches?glass-glasses以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i, 再加-esfamily-families? study-studies以“f或fe”结尾变f或fe为v,再加-esknif
2、e-knives不规则名词复数man-men ?woman-women? policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen? mouse-mice foot-feet? child-children? ?fish-fish ?Chinese-Chinese2、人称代词和物主代词 人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性形容词性第一人称I(我)mewe(我们)usmy(我的)our(我们的)第二人称you(你)youyou(你们)youyour(你的)your(你们的)第三人称he(他)himthey(他/她/它们)themhis(他的)th
3、eir(他/她/它们的)she(她)herher(她的)it(它)itit(它的)人称代词:有主格和宾格之分。一般动词前用主格,动词后用宾格。3、指示代词指近处指远处单数this? (这个)that (那个)复数these(这些)those(那些)4、冠词有a、an、the。a和an的区别:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母a、e、i、o、u)前,a用于辅音音素前。二、否定句:be动词(am、is、are)+not、情态动词can+ not、助动词(do、does) + not如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:1、看句中有无be动词,如有,直接在be动词后+ not。2、看句中有无情态动词,如
4、有,直接在情态动词后+ not。3、如上述二者都没有,就应用助动词+ not。分四个步骤:(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。(2)确定助动词用do、does,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,(3)在助动词后加not。(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。三、一般疑问句。如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为一般疑问句:1、看句中有无be动词,如有,把be动词提到句首即可。2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,把情态动词提到句首即可。3、如上述二者都没有,就应把助动提
5、到句首。分四个步骤:(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。I do like you.(2)确定助动词用do还是does,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用doesHe does like you.(3)把助动词后提到句首。Does he like you?(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。四、特殊疑问句。表示疑问,有疑问词(在开头),回答有很多种可能。常用疑问词: ?疑问词意思用法What time什么时间问具体时间,如几点钟Who谁问人Whose谁的问主
6、人Where在哪里问地点What什么问东西、事物What colour什么颜色问颜色How old多大年纪问年纪How many多少数量(可数名词)问数量How much多少钱;多少数量(不可数名词)问多少钱或数量(不可数)五、时态1、一般现在时:表示某动作或者某状态是经常发生的事情,或者是自然规律。 主语+be动词(am, is , are) 主语+动词原形(注意动词要根据主语变三单)(1)一般现在时中的be动词:一般用原形:am? is? aream用于第一人称单数(I);is用于第三人称单数(he? she? it和其他人名或称谓,如:Ben? his? sister等);are用于第二
7、人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如the? children 、 his? parents等)。(2)一般现在时中的动词:第一种情况:主语是第三人称单数(he? she? it 和其他,如Helen 、her? cousin 等),动词后一般加s或es。第二种情况:主语不是第三人称单数,动词都用原形。(4)一般现在时判断依据(如何判断一个句子是一般现在时):be动词是am、is、are? 动词用原形或加s、es没有时间状语或有usually、often、everyday、sometimes等不是具体的时间2、现在进行时(1
8、)构成形式:Be动词+动词的ing形式? 这里强调一点,两者缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成现在进行时。(2)现在进行时表示动作正在进行或事情正在发生。(3)有用的依据:一个句子中既有be动词,又有动词,且动词加了ing 该句是现在进行时(4)句中往往有now、look、listen等词。动词现在分词的变化见下表:词尾情况变化方式例词一般情况加ingplay玩playing? ?do做doinggo去going? jump跳jumpingsing唱singing? ski滑雪skiingsee看见-seeing以不发音的e结尾去e加ingmake做making? ?take拿到takinglike
9、喜欢liking? come来comingwrite写writing? dance跳舞dancinghave有having? close关closing以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有一个元音字母,词尾只有一个辅音字母双写最后一个辅音字母再加ingswim游泳swimming? sit坐sittingrun跑running? get得到gettingput放putting? begin开始beginningjog慢跑jogging同音词:? too-two-to? buy-by? I-eye? four-forthere-their? right-write? sun-son? ?no-kno
10、where-hear? whos-whose近义词:many-a lot of / lots of? large-big? desk-tablephoto-picture? lamp-light? like-love反义词或对应词:old-new? go-come? big-smallopen-close? black-white? here-there完整形式:lets=let us(让我们)? Id=I would? cant=can not? Im=I am词性变换:one(序数词) first? monkey(复数)monkeys? skiing(原形)ski? is(复数)are?
11、families(单数)family? make(现在分词)making? we are(缩略形式)were? do(第三人称单数)does? have(第三人称单数)has? photo(复数)photos? fat(反义词)thin做题目时一定要记住:1.can+动词原形2.like+动词ing?3.like+名词复数4.play+足球类? play the +乐器类5.how many +名词复数6.would like +to+动词原形7.lets+动词原形8.现在进行时:be(am,is,are)+动词ing9.动词第三人称单数形式英语音标及字母组合对照元音:1) i: 字母组合:e
12、e ea e ie ei eythree tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean pleasehe she me piece receive ceiling 2) I 发音字母 i y e ui u asit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build missmyth many twenty happy dictionarydefect decide delicious 3) ? 发音字母 abag
13、hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 4) e 字母组合 ea e a (ue,u,ie,ai,ei,ay)head bread pleasureelephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yesmany any 5) : 字母组合ir ur ear er orgirl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thu
14、rsday burgerlearn earn earth heardterm her nerd servework worm work world 6) 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e uteacher leader remember player speaker farmer powderdoctor actor mayor author tractordelicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polit
15、e around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan chinamen listen famulus Saturday 7) a: 字母组合 ar acar farm card arm gardenfast class last glass plant aunt calm 8) ? 发音字母 u o ou oo up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup buscome mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourishblood flood9) ?: 字母组
16、合 al or au our arsmall wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumnfour mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter 10) ? (?)发音字母 o a ouhot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar notwant wash watch 11) u: 字母组合 oo o ufood moon room gloom bro
17、om doom goose toothshoe do twotrue truth blue full prude12) u 字母组合 oo ou u olook good foot book wood should could put full bull pull pushwoman wolf 13) ei 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plainthey grey 14) ai 发音字母 i y bike fine find die nine
18、 light night high my try fly eye15) au 字母组合 ou ow house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouseflower down now cow how town16) u 发音字母 o ow oa home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flowboat coat goal17) ? 字母组合oy oiboy toy joy oil soil voice choice 18) i 字母组合 ee
19、r ear beer deer ear near here fierce idea19) ? (e?)字母组合ear air erepear bear chair air fair there where care20) u au?字母组合our ower hour tour flower shower教学难点1. 注意形近词和音近词的辨析。例: here / hear smile/ smell.2. 人称代词主格, 宾格,物主代词的正确使用。3. 掌握介词的基本固定搭配。如:在具体日期的前面用ON, 在月份前用IN 等。4掌握以下这些句型的回答:What are these/ those?
20、- They areWhat is this/ that? - Its .Is this/ that? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.Are these/ those? Yes, they are. No, they arent.Is there? Yes, there is. No, there isnt.Are there ? Yes, there are. No, there arent.5. 掌握所学过的特殊疑问词,并能选择正确的特殊疑问词对划线部分提问。6.注意some, any, and, or,在不同类型句子的变化规则,肯定句中用:some, and, 否定句和疑问句中用any, or 这一规则。考点分析:1. 形近词和音近词的辨析2. 常用语的问答3.辅音字母的发音及五个元音字母在开闭音节中的发音的辨析。4.名词单数数, 同类词, 序数词、基数词, 同音词的考查5.介词的用法,人称代词主格,宾格,所有格的用法6.BE动词,有动词,情态动词,助动词的用法7.句型的变化:一般疑问句,否定句, 单复数互改, 运用特殊疑问词对划线部分提问。8. 按实际情况回答问题。