1、 Unit 6 How do you get to school?一、教材分析本单元的中心话题是“Transportation”,围绕“How do you get to school”,“How long does it take?”,“How far is it?”层层展开,并采用“任务型语言教学途径”,编排了一系列凸现“交际功能(Talk about how to get to school)”运用的听说读写综合语言活动,让学生学会谈论如何到达某个地方,距离有多远,要花多长时间等等。这些活动紧贴学生的生活实际,极具真实性,从而使学生的个人经历成为课堂学习的有效图式,有助于学生对所获取的声
2、音和文字英语信息的理解;有助于调动他们用英语表达自己的经验和感受兴趣和热情;有助于促进他们语言功能的运用;有助于提高他们为应用而主动学习和掌握语言知识(词汇和语法结构等)的兴趣。在教材编排上,Section A是基础,是底线,是学生必须掌握的目标语言;而Section B是Section A的扩展和引申,通过任务型听力来讨论交通工具及方式的最佳组合方式,并通过任务型阅读帮助学生了解不同国家学生上学的交通工具及方式的异同。二、教学目标1语言目标词汇:subway, take the subway, train, minute, how far, quick, leave for, half, p
3、ast, bus station, bus ride, stop, bust stop, north, school bus, by boat, must, car, ill, worry句式:How do you get to school? I ride my bike.How long does it take? It takes ten minutes. How far is it from your home to school? Its about 10 kilometers. 2能力目标(1) 能够谈论如何到达目的地。(2) 能够谈论自己的日常生活。 (3)能够有效地获取信息和处
4、理信息。3情感目标(1) 学会关注生命与安全;培养时间观念,学会珍惜时间。(2) 了解朋友及家人的生活。4跨学科学习(1) 社会实践:学习距离、交通方式的表达。(2) 个性培养:学会合理安排自己的生活,培养时间观念,学会珍惜时间。(3) 跨文化研究:了解不同国家、不同地区学生上学的交通工具及方式的异同。三、教学重、难点通过语言目标的学习,学会谈论如何到达目的地,如何表达距离的远近,如何表达到某地花多长时间,并在生活实际中正确运用所学语言。四、教法与学法 1. 采用情境法、交际法和“任务型”教学途径,使“英语学习任务化,学习活动生活化”,通过设置多样化的任务,巧妙注意任务的序列性,让学生在教学活
5、动中参与和完成真实的生活任务,从而培养学生运用英语的能力,(用英语做事的能力)。在教学过程中,坚持“以人为本”,关注学生的情感,关注学生的发展,把说的机会留给学生,把思考的时间还给学生,把做的权利交给学生。2. 充分发挥多媒体辅助教学的优势,集图片、声音、动画于一体,使课堂教学更为形象,更为直观,更为生动,学生更有兴趣,印象也会更深。3. 采用小组合作的学习方式,让学生学会交流,学会分享,学会合作,并有效地避免班额过大、不同学生之间知识水平和智力发展参差不齐,同时师生之间、学生之间的交际得不到充分发挥等问题。五、教学程序设计课时安排及任务设置课 时内 容课 型主要任务设计1Section A
6、1aGrammar focus基本语言的介绍、前任务的交待与操练听说课Know more about your friends2Section A 3a3b巩固基本语言,笔头落实基本内容读写课Make a schedule for yourself3Section B 1a2c扩展语言,深化任务, 听说课One-day Tour to Weihai4Section B 3a3c深化理解目标语言,综合运用阅读写作课Reading and Writing5Revision总结和完善任务及其结果,综合活动课2000元欢乐假日行核心任务及任务链根据本单元学习有关交通方面的内容,设计核心任务为“2000
7、元欢乐假日行”,形成如下任务链:了解周围的人是如何到校、如何上班的选择适合自己的交通工具或交通工具组合方式威海一日游说明不同国家、不同地区学生上学的交通工具及方式的异同2000元欢乐假日行比较交通工具的特点与优劣势向政府提出合理建议,改善交通环境。第一课时第一课时以听说为主,教学目标为:1学会谈论如何到达某地,学会谈论自己、朋友、家人如何上学、工作;2熟练掌握到达某地要花多长时间的表达,学会谈论自己的生活;3学会合作,了解朋友和家人的生活;4学会关注生命与安全;培养时间观念,学会珍惜时间。本课的核心任务是Know more about your friends,并通过How do you ge
8、t to school? How does he/she get to school? How long does it take? 三个小任务组成的任务链完成任务前的准备,课堂流程如下所示:Pre-class ActivitiesWarming-up ActivitiesTask1: How do you get to school?Task2: How does he/she get to school?Task3: How long does It take?SummaryTask 4: Know more about your friendsHomework: Know more ab
9、out your familyPre-class Activities课前要求学生通过各种途径收集有关交通工具的名称和图片,并利用词典或金山词霸来认读单词。不仅培养了学生收集信息和处理信息的能力,而且使学生在这一过程中能够主动地参与学习,拓宽视野,实现英语学习的生活化。Warming-up Activities1新单元总会让每一个学生迫不急待,即将开始的学习内容往往让他们倍感好奇。教师要善于把握学生的这种心理,通过有效地设置问题来引导学生识读主图: What can you see in the picture?Guess, when is it now, morning, afternoon
10、 or evening? Why?I think its winter now, what about your opinion? How do you know that?Look at the boy in a red cap, what does he look like? What is he doing?Can you see the girl in pink? What is she doing? Guess, where is she going?Where is the girl with short blond hair? Can you find something str
11、ange? Why is she sitting in a wheelchair? What can we do for her? What does “TERMINAL” mean?How many kinds of transportation can you see in the picture?显然,读图的目的并非仅仅是导入课堂教学,更重要的是巧妙地运用课本所提供的课程资源,尽可能多地为学生提供“说英语”的机会,帮助他们逐步养成英语思维习惯。2通过小组合作的学习方式,交流彼此所收集的信息,实现资源共享,并通过讨论小组命名和小组竞赛两个小活动来帮助学生进一步熟悉目标词汇。3最后选用节奏活
12、泼、边说边做的Chant,(内容如下)Go, go, let go!Ride, ride, ride my bike.Take, take, take the bus.Take, take, take the subway. 使学生在不知不觉中强化识记了有关交通工具的词汇和词块,而且也是对其后进行的Lucky 52游戏作了一次简单热身。Task 1: How do you get to school?教师首先借助多媒体课件呈现本课的目标句型How do you get to school?,同时利用图片使学生掌握ride a bike, take the bus, take the train
13、, take a plane, take a car等词块,并学会对目标句型做出正确应答,然后由课件演示引出目标句型的第二种答语,并通过Match the sentences(如下所示)Match the sentences.1. I ride my bike. A. I get to school by ship.2. I walk.B. I get to school by train.3. I take the bus.C. I get to school by bus.4. I take the subway.D. I get to school by bike.5. I take t
14、he train.E. I get to school on foot.6. I take the ship.F. I get to school by plane.7. I take the plane.G. I get to school by subway.对两种答语的转换进行强化,并在此基础上,采用Pair Work的形式,小步快走,循序渐进,由“第二人称”扩展到“第三人称”,由单数扩展到复数,构成一个有梯度的序列,不经意间便完成了本课的第二个任务:Task 2: How does he/she get to school? /How do they get to school?熟悉目
15、标语言后,迅速进入听和写的训练。1首先设置以下问题:Look at the picture, so many students go to school in the morning. Now lets think how they get to school. How does the boy get to school? How does the girl get to school? How do the boy and the girl get to school?引导学生有针对性地第二次读图,然后完成1a的书写训练。2听前对录音材料进行简要的背景介绍:This time you wi
16、ll listen to a conversation. Two people are talking about how some students get to school. 使学生对所听内容有所预知,有所了解,从而降低了学生听的难度,使学生轻轻松松地完成任务型听力1b。3听力任务完成后,用大屏幕呈现完整的听力材料,让学生反复跟读录音,语音、语调、句型熟练后,改成两人一组看图自由对话。4最后采用学生喜闻乐见的“Lucky 52”的游戏方式,将全班分为A, B, C三组进行活动:A组面向大屏幕,并试着用动作表演屏幕所显示的交通工具,背对屏幕的C组回答B组所提问题How does he/sh
17、e get to school?,也可以用Does he/she take the subway/take the bus?进行猜测,在规定时间内未能完成的小组将有一位本组成员被淘汰,最后人数多者胜出。这个活动使学生的积极性瞬间被调动,那种一猜再猜而又未猜中,想得到真实答案的欲望也更加强烈,在竞猜中习得了前两个任务所学习的目标语言。Task 3: How long does it take?Say: Different students get to school in different ways, but you must be on time for school. You must p
18、ay close attention to time.这样适时地对学生进行了情感教育,培养了学生的时间观念,也为后部分的学习作了成功导入。1借助直观教具闹钟,并用手指拨动指针行走来呈现句型“How long does it take?”,并训练时间的表达,更具直观性和生活性。2听力无疑是学生的“老大难”,在随后进行的2a和2b的听力训练前,首先引导学生通过谈论图片来预测所听问题,有效地降低听力难度。例如:在完成2a前,引导学生用How do you get to school?进行Pair Work,而在2b前,用How long does it take? 来进行看图说话。3完成2a和2b
19、后,将听力材料完整地呈现,让学生两人一组跟读、朗读到上口为止。4将听力材料重新设置成听力填空(如下所示)Listen again. Fill in the blanks.Conversation 1Boy: How do you get to school?Girl: I take the t_.Boy: How long does it take?Girl: Oh, around f_ minutes. How about you?Boy: I take the s_.Girl: How long does that take?Boy: Oh, around t_ minutes.Conve
20、rsation 2Girl: How do you get to school, Tom?Tom: I ride my b_.Girl: How long does it take?Tom: It takes around t_ minutes. How do you get to school?Girl: I w_.Tom: And how long does that take?Girl: It only takes t_ minutes.Listen again. Complete the dialogue.Conversation 1Boy: How do you get to sch
21、ool?Girl: I _.Boy: How long does it take?Girl: Oh, around_. How about you?Boy: I _.Girl: How long does that take?Boy: Oh, around _.Conversation 2Girl: How do you get to school, Tom?Tom: I _.Girl: How long does it take?Tom: It takes around _. How do you get to school?Girl: I _.Tom: And how long does
22、that take?Girl: It only takes _.让学生两人一组,对话填空。这样,便可以使有限的听力材料得到反复听、反复用,在听和说的过程中培养学生听、说的技能。同时,这也是帮助学生熟悉背诵语言材料的有效手段,也是必要手段! Summary首先借助问题What have you learned in this period?来引导学生总结所学的目标语言,教师板书如下: take the subway. by subway. How do you get to school? I take the train. I get to school by train. take the
23、ship. by ship. take the plane. by plane. walk. on foot. ride(s) a bike. by bike. take(s) the bus. by bus. does he He take(s) the subway. He by subway.How does she get to school? She take (s) the train. She get(s) to school by train. do they They take(s) the ship. They by ship. take(s) the plane. by
24、plane. walk(s). on foot. five minutes. ten minutes.How long does it take? It takes thirty minutes. forty minutes. two hours.然后以When do we use these sentences?来帮助学生进一步明确所学语言结构的语用。Task 4: Know more about your friends这是一个综合性的任务,其设计以学生的生活经验和兴趣为出发点,分为Make a survey和Make a report两个环节:1. Make a surveyMake a
25、 survey of your best friends and fill in the chart below.NameHow do you get to school?How long does it take?2. Make a report Make a report according to your chart.Example: Lucy takes the bus to school. It takes her ten minutes NameHow do you get to school?How long does it take?Lucytake the busten mi
26、nutes通过这两个活动,让学生进一步了解周围朋友的生活,使学生通过做事,通过思考,通过合作来体验目标语言,体验学的过程和快乐,在“用”中发展思维能力和各种语言应用能力。当然,在Make a survey和Make a report之前,教师必须为学生提供有效的语言范例。为了更好地贴近生活,达到学以致用,教师可提供与话题相关的扩展词汇,例如:motorbike(摩托车), electric bike(电动自行车),boat, helicopter (直升飞机)等等,对于农村中学来说,还可以补充学生生活中常见的tractor(拖拉机), cart(马车),tricycle(三轮车)等等,并提醒学
27、生上下学乘车时要乘坐有牌有照的客车,关注生命,关注安全。Homework: Know more about your familyMake a survey of your family and fill in the chart below, then write a passage about it.NameHow do they get to work?How long does it take?FatherMother写作能客观地反映学生各方面的语言运用能力,如语言表达能力、思维组织能力等等,将调查完的表格写成短文,不仅能够促进学生获取、处理和使用信息,巩固课堂所学语言知识,提高写作能
28、力,而且使学生从关注自己转向关注家人,英语学习也真正地延伸到了课堂之外。第二课时 第二课时为读写课,教学目标为:1. 学会谈论距离的远近;2. 学会选择合适的交通工具;3. 体验快速阅读的方法,学会有目的地检索信息,跳读,计算等。4. 学会科学地安排生活。本课的核心任务是Make a schedule for yourself, 主要分为Warming-up Activities, Pre-reading, While-reading,Post-reading四个部分。课堂流程如下所示: Warming-up ActivitiesPre-readingPost-readingDiscussio
29、nWritingHomeworkWhile-readingLeading-inReadaloudReadanddrawExpla-nationReadandSayReadandanswerWarming-up Activities通过限时游戏来复习上一课时所学的目标语言。要求学生在三分钟内,以最快的速度询问How do youget to school?, How long does it take?两个问题,直到听到与第一次所听完全相同的答案后返回座位,否则继续,被询问者要尽可能地给出意想不到的答案。活动过程中,每一个学生都在动,教室里看起来乱套了,但是正是这种 “互动、开放、创造”的课堂氛
30、围,使学生获得相当大的主动权,主动地使用所学语言,从而更好地表现自己,发展自己。Pre-reading 游戏后小结并进行课堂导入:We have known many kinds of transportation. Its important for us to choose the right transportation. But which is the best way? 提出本课要解决的问题,激发学生学习的动机,增强学生学习的目的性,并让学生小组讨论,自由表达自己的观点,努力为学生提供“开口说英语”的机会。在Pre-reading环节,采用数学图例解释的方法(如下所示) How f
31、ar is from A to B? 10 kilometers Its 5 kilometers (km.)3051010 A B C D E How long does it take? It takes 15 minutes 4 hours 呈现目标语言How far is it fromto? 要求学生按照图示用Its 来回答,然后在时钟旁给出所用时间,继续用How long does it take?来引导学生用It takes 回答,随后提出问题:Which is the best way? 并不断延长线段反复进行训练。活动过程中学生需要进行计算才能给出正确的答案,注意了与数学学科
32、的整合,极好地调动了学生的学习情绪,让学生积极地投入到语言操练中,实现双向互动,把教师“一言堂”变为师生“群言堂”,并通过Pair Work进一步得到巩固。在整个Pre-reading过程中,学生通过计算、推理、判断等一系列的活动,解决Which is the best way这一问题。在探究过程中,使学生明确要根据距离的远近和所需时间来选择合适的交通工具。While-reading在任务型语言教学中,教师要从学生“学”的角度来设计教学活动,使学生的学习活动具有明确的目标,并构成一个有梯度的连续活动。另外,阅读训练不仅仅是做几道阅读理解题,更重要的是帮助学生从中获取信息,获得乐趣。因此,将Wh
33、ile-reading分为五个步骤:1. Read and say.Read the passage and say what you have got.首先让学生阅读短文,这看起来似乎与当前盛行的“带着问题阅读”相矛盾,但阅读之后要求学生口头叙述阅读后所获得的信息,锻炼了说,也考查了读。2. Read and draw.Read again and draw a diagram about Lin Feis Route to school.当判断题、选择题让学生们的双眼已经疲惫的时候,很难想象为之激发的阅读兴趣会有多大。“读一读,画一画”,听起来就象是幼儿园里要做的事,阅读检测照样可以生动起
34、来。3. Read and answerRead the passage carefully and fill in the chart.通过完成下列表格When does Lin Fei get up?What does he usually do before school?When does he leave for school?How does he get to the bus station?How long does it take?How does he get to school?How long does it take?从而使学生进一步理解短文。4. Explanati
35、on释疑短文中所出现的难点,例如:have a quick breakfast, leave for, at around half past six, take him to school等。在这个过程中,教师要努力控制做老师的欲望,引导学生根据上下文进行词义猜测。5. Read aloud.学生只有通过大量的朗读,才能不断地纠正自己的语音和语调,逐步形成英语语感。朗读训练单靠课堂上的几分钟是远远不够的,可以要求学生在课后不断练习,直到自己感到满意的时候,录制成磁带,收入到自己的成长档案袋中。通过以上五个微型任务,构成一个层层递进,逐步深入的任务链,培养了学生的阅读能力,增强了阅读兴趣。Po
36、st-readingPost-reading是一个读后输出的过程,共分两个环节:1. DiscussionWhat do you think of Lin Feis schedule? Do you think his arrangement is reasonable? Why?引导学生进行思考和讨论并进行小结,帮助学生学会科学地安排生活。2. Make a schedule for yourself.听上去复杂,但实际上只是更字换词的仿写句子训练,学生可以轻松完成。HomeworkMother is great, and hard-working. What about her sched
37、ule?How does she get to work? How long does it take? How far is it from your home to her office?Know your mother better and write a passage.本次作业要求学生了解母亲的日常生活并形成短文,在巩固课堂所学的目标语言外,引导他们体谅母亲,关爱母亲。第三课时第三课时以听说为主,扩展语言与词汇。本课的核心任务是选择合理的交通路线和交通工具,制定“威海一日游”计划。本课设置了Talking Hall, Listening House, On holiday三个生活化场
38、景,从而使课堂教学更贴近学生的生活。课堂流程如下所示:Talking HallListening HouseOn HolidayTask: One-day Tour to WeihaiHomeworkTalking Hall1. Talk about the pictures教师要善于淋漓尽致地使用有限的课程资源,要尽可能多地为学生提供“开口说英语”的机会。在这一环节,教师首先进行读图示范:Look at this. Its a train station. Trains stop here.然后引导学生正确读出其他各图。2. Match the words with the pictures
39、. (1a) 图文搭配,进一步帮助学生巩固所学词汇。3. Pair Work and Role Play. (1b)Role play. Suppose you use two kinds of transportation to get to school (bus, train, subway, walking, bike, etc.) Tell how you get to school. 以此来训练学生合理选择个人交通工具及方式的最佳组合方式。Listening House1. 根据2a图中所提供的内容,引导学生猜测在对话中怎样询问才能获得表格内的信息,让学生思考后能够说出听力材料中即
40、将出现的句子,例如:Where do you live?,How far do you live from school?,How long does it take to get to school?,How do you get to school?,What do you think of the transportation?等等,这样不仅复习了前面所学的语言知识,而且也有效地降低了2a的听力难度。 2. Listen. Check ( ) the things that Thomas wants to know. 完成2a的听力任务。3. 要求学生两人一组说明2b图中所出现的交通方式
41、。例如:Nina rides her bike. Nina walks等等,锻炼了学生说的能力,也为下一步的听力教学做了准备。4. Listen again. How does Nina get to school? Check ( ) 1 or 2 below.完成2b的听力任务。5. Listen again and complete the dialogue. 将听的结果落实到写。Thomas: Where do you live, Nina?Nina: New Street.Thomas: So, how do you get to school?Nina: Well, first I
42、 _to the bus stop.Thomas: Uh-huh.Nina: I _ to the subway station. Then I _.Thomas: YeahNina: Next I _ to the bus stop on 26th Street. Finally I _.6.将听力材料完整地呈现给学生,并要求两人一组进行录音跟读、对话训练,朗朗上口直至背诵。7. Group Work. Tell how Nina gets to school. (2c)有了前几步的层层铺垫,再进行复述就轻松简单了。采用小组接力的活动形式,让每个学生都动起来,互帮互学,兵练兵。A: How does Nina get to school? B: She C: Next, she D: Then she On Holiday 有了前面语言知识的学习与技能