高考英语二轮复习语法填空解题技巧与练习.doc

语法填空解题技巧解题方法：用句子结构分析法巧解语法填空.分析句子的结构对解答语法填空题很有帮助。在解答语法填空题时，分析句子结构可以迅速确定所要填的词语的词类或大致方向，若再结合语境就可以很快得出具体的词语或词形，结合语境方面要特别注意短文的时态和上下文中的一些提示。如: 阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。The Internet has become part of young peoples life. _1_ report shows that 38% of students often use the Internet . Most of them get _2_ (use) information on the Internet _3_ use the Internet to help in their studies. But many students dont use it _4_ a good way. Some play games too much, some visit websites _5_ shouldnt look at. So bad things may happen _6_ students spend too much time on the Internet. _7_ is important for students to use the Internet properly. Now we have a textbook, _8_ uses many examples to teach students some good ways to use the Internet. It gives useful advice. Some students also make _9_ on the Internet. But if you want to have a face-to-face _10_ (meet) with your online friends, let your parents know and meet in a proper place.1. A .从下文中可以看出这是一个报道表明,前文还没有出现,无须特指.考查冠词的用法.2. useful. 提示词use有名词和动词的词性，在这里是要一个形容词修饰imformation.考察词性的判定和转化。3. and. 从这个句子要表达的意思来看get 和 use是并列的谓语动词。4. in . 固定搭配，in a way 表示用某种方法。5. they. 这是一个省略了that/which 的定语从句，从句子成分来看，此句缺乏主语，是用来修饰websites,而关系代词在定语从句种作宾语，故省略，填they来作从句中的主语。6. if .从上一句话承接下来的一个结果，但用了情态动词may,此空应该填连词来引导一个条件状语从句。7. It. 形式主语it代替真正的主语-不定式to use the Internet.8. which. 通过句子分析法可以知道这是一个非限制性的定语从句。9. friends. 由语境，下文中online friends推断出make friends 这个短语。10. meeting . 提示词meet虽有名词词性，但have a meeting是习惯搭配。下面是一些基本语法的解析，结合以往的一些单项选择考题作为理解之用(加深对基础语法的理解,对各个部分都有指导作用)：一、动词(谓语/非谓语) 给出动词的原形，根据句子结构的需要给出其适当的形式。填动词形式，首先抓住主谓结构，确定主句，剩下的部分，如有连词，则是句子，仍然有主谓结构，否则就用非谓语；是谓语就思考时态，语态，主谓一致，是非谓语就看主动被动，有否先后关系。1. I was certain she would like it because I _ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. （广州一模）2. The exam, which was originally to be held in our classroom,_(change) to the library at the last minute. .(广州二模) 3.An official from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational policy that_ (encourage) students to study abroad. （茂名二模）4 With the problem_(solve), I felt proud of my achievement. .(广州二模)5._( compare) with the previous year, the number of students who went abroad for study was increased by 15 ,000, or a rise of 13%. （茂名二模）6. Storms swept along New Mexicos border with Texas on Friday, _(destroy) homes and other buildings and injuring(梅州二模)7We must practise speaking and_ (write) the language whenever we can. 8but it is not enough only_ (memorize) rules from a grammar book. （佛山一模）9. The television viewer makes no choice and no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything _ (present) to him without any effort on his part. （东莞一模）Keys:1. was told 2. was changed 3. encourages 4. had watched 5. solved 6. compared 7. destroying 8. writing 9. to writing 10. presented二、名词主要考查的知识点：名词的用法,语境中词性的判断，词的转化。在语法填空题中常出现给一个提示词要求用它的正确形式填空，重点复习：掌握名词单复数的变化规律以及与相近语法的关系（名词单复数的使用受冠词、数词和主谓一致等语法的制约，因此复习名词单复数时，应注意分析名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语情况，还应注意主谓一致问题）。熟悉、区别可数不可数（英语中有些名词有时为可数名词，而有时又是不可数名词，其区别由各自不同的用法而定，这是名词可数性用法的难点）。如：work 工作，不可数名词；著作 作品，可数；工厂 作坊，可数；工程 工事，可数。掌握名词所有格的表示方法和名词作定语的用法，特别注意 else的所有格、双重所有格的用法。考点 3 代词主要考查的知识点：不定代词和替代词的用法，It的用法和人称代词宾格。复习重点：指代必须准确无误。在使用人称代词、反身代词、物主代词这三类代词时，要注意它们在句中的人称、单复数及性别与所有格的一致性。疑问代词的用法。it，one，that是高考命题锁定的三个代词。三、代词 主要考查的知识点：不定代词和替代词的用法，It的用法和人称代词宾格。复习重点：指代必须准确无误。在使用人称代词、反身代词、物主代词这三类代词时，要注意它们在句中的人称、单复数及性别与所有格的一致性。1. I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax _. （广州二模）4If you give your children that they can never do anything quite right, then they will regard_ as unfit or unable persons. （深圳罗湖）5. Some 134,000 Chinese students went to study abroad, and 120,000 of_ were self-funded students,（茂名二模）Keys: 1. myself 2. his 3. nothing 4. themselves 5. them 6. it四、冠词主要考查的知识点：冠词的基本用法、零冠词的用法、抽象名词具体化和固定搭配。复习重点：（1）定冠词的用法：主要是一些记忆性的东西，比较繁杂，可以记几个顺口溜：特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；普转专有名，习语及乐器。 特指”指某些人或事物。如：The Englishmen in the dining room are having supper now.谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物，即“语境特指”。如：Take the medicine. 上文已提及的人或事物，即“前照应特指”。如：He bought a house. I have been to the house. 世界上独一无二的事物。如：The sun sets. 序数词或形容词最高级前。如：I live on the second floor. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：The United States. 一些习惯短语中或西洋乐器前。如：in the way，by the hour，on the other hand，all the year round，play the piano the violin.2）不加冠词的几种情况：下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前；专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭；复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。名词前已有作定语用的 this，that，some，any，my等限定词。专有名词和不可数名词前。如：Unity is strength.表示学科的名词前。如：Economics is different from politics.球类活动的名词及三餐总称前。如：He likes playing football and always has supper outside. 复数名词表示泛指（一类人或事物）时。如：They are students and we are teachers.节日、季节、星期、月份前。如：Spring follows winter. We have few classes on Sunday. 表示颜色、语种和国家的非全称名词前。如：White is a beautiful color in China. 在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。如：Where is Dad，Mum？Bush was made president of the USA again. 某些习惯短语中。如：in bed，in spite of，by chance，lose heart，catch fire，catch sight of，go to school，find fault with，make use of，take exception to（反对）。（零冠词在语法填空的练习中只出现过一次，正规模拟考试中没有出现过，我们只作了解，不作为重点。）1 But my mood quickly changed when I saw_ first question. (广州二模)2 Then I went to the department store and bought her_expensive gift box of Sichuan beef. .(广州一模) 3. Tom, _ 8yearold boy, entered a hotel coffee shop. （深一模）4He talked about how I wrestled with him in the evenings and _ good many other things. （深二模）Keys: 1. the 2. an 3. an 4. a 5. a 6. a五、介词介词为虚词，不能单独充当句子成分，必须同名词、代词、短语、句子构成介词短语，才能充当句子成分。介词短语在句中常作表语、定语、状语和补足语。介词的用法比较复杂，在英语学习中须多多注意。 想看基础知识，请看介词。 2Dont be always particular _your present work and income. (惠州一模)六、连词(从属连词/并列连词)A) 引导各种从句的连词叫从属连词。如名词性从句的引导词what, who, which, when, where, whatever, whoever, whichever, whether；副词从句引导词where, wherever, when, if , how, unless, until 1. Many things must be considered such as _ the person is interested in and how old he is. （广州一模）2.My face turned red on hearing _my mother said. (惠州一模)3. she would point out_ they had mastered and declared firmly they could learn what they had missed. （深圳罗湖）4The American Academy of Pediatrics (儿科) says_ children really need for health development is more good, old-fashioned playtime.(四校联考)5. I almost started to yell his name _ I suddenly remembered he was in bed asleep. （深二模）6. _children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independent.7. Statistics show that_ China carried out the opening - up policy, a total of one million students have gone abroad for study. （茂名二模）8_ we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. （佛山一模）9. Some people, however, maintain that this is precisely _ the danger lies.Keys: 1. what 2. what 3. what 4. what 5. when 6. Unless 7. since 8. If 9. whereB) 并列句的各种关联词叫并列连词。如and, but, or, though, although, so 挖掉关联词，要想补上连词，思路必须与作者思路相吻合。 1 I had no idea how to do it. I tried to stay positive and persevered_ I finally found the solution. （广州二模）2 I asked my classmates about her interest_ I made my final decision. （广州一模）3.Tom, an 8yearold boy, entered a hotel coffee shop_ sat at a table.（深一模）Keys: 1. until 2. and 3. and 4. but七、情态动词主要考查的知识点：情态动词的基本含义和用法；情态动词表推测的用法以及“情态动词 + have+ v ed”结构等。重点复习： may might，can could 表 示 可 能。 must can could may might（have done）表示对过去发生事情的推测。should ought to + have + done表示对过去的责备。would rather + have done以及 had better + have done表示后悔。will shall表示请求，许可。could might should have done表示虚拟语气。八、形容词/副词主要考查的知识点：形容词作定语，形容词和副词的比较等级，词义比较等。重点复习：形容词和副词均属修饰性词类，但因被修饰的内容有所不同而具备不同的用法，高考非常注重对此进行考查，在完形填空和语法填空中出现过大量此类试题。（形容词与连系动词连用及修饰名词；修饰行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句中用副词）两个事物进行比较应用比较级，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应用最高级。形容词和副词在特定的语境中词义的比较。比较级的程度修饰语（much，very much，a lot，a great deal，far，by far，even，still，a bit，a little，rather，any，数词，倍数，分数，百分数等）。易混副词的辨析。如：specially /especially/ particularly等。 1. One of the _ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, Ms Chen. （广州一模） 2. I put the paper aside and turned to the _ one, at the top of which（深二模）3. Many other actors are _(badly)off than me at present,(惠州一模)4. In 2006, over 40,000 overseas students came back, with 33,000 of them being self-fund students, 20% _than the year before. （茂名二模）Keys: 1. worst 2. next/other 3. worse 4. more九、挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语 此功能于关联词相似。只是这种副词（短语）在用法上更加灵活多变。典型的有though, however, also, therefore, still, besides, in addition, instead, or ,otherwise，first, second, then, finally, in a word等等。 1This, _, didnt bother me because maths had always been my strongest subject. (广州二模)十、词形变化或者词性变化给出单词的原形，通过句子分析，缺少什么成分，再用正确的单词形式补充完整。这属于比较基础的单词拼写方面的能力要求。1 Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my_(appreciate) I decided to get her a present. (广州一模)2. _(fortunate), I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes to complete the rest.(广州二模) 3. Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit_(patience). （深一模）4. “Thirty-five cents,” she said_ (rude). （深一模）5. I dont know if he placed the poem next to the failing grade to _ (soft) the blow, but it work. （深二模）6. I must know how to care for others and try not to_ (understand) them. (惠州一模)7. you have done well and made great achievement in the _ (entertain) field. (惠一模)8. These people have made great_ (contribute) to China with their work.（茂名二模）9. to check her _ (recent) inserted (插入) pacemaker. （汕头二模）10The tornadoes damaged several_(new) built buildings,(梅州二模)11Numerous studies have shown that free play is very_(benefit). It can help children become creative(四校联考)12 they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention the latest _ (excite) football match. （东莞一模）Keys: 1. appreciation 2. Fortunately 3. impatient 4. rudely 5. soften 6. misunderstand 7. entertainment 8. contributions 9. recently 10. newly 11.beneficial 12.exciting十一、定语从句的引导词 主要考查的知识点：引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择，非限制性定语从句，由 whose，where，when，that，as和“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句是高考的热点。复习重点：when引导的定语从句。where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句、表语从句的区别。which引导非限制性定语从句时（句子作先行词）和并列句的区别。as引导的定语从句“such.as、the same.as”，以及和目的 结果状语从句的辨别。分隔式定语从句的识别。能够区别定语从句和同位语从句。 1.The exam,_ was originally to be held in our classroom, was changed to the library at the last minute.(广州二模)2 Then I went to the department store_I worked part-time and bought her an expensive gift box of Sichuan beef. （广州一模）3. It was a poem about me, _ included the time （深二模）4. At the same time, there had been a growing number of overseas students _came back to China after study. （茂名二模）5. More and more Chinese students go abroad for study,_ is supported by the Chinese government. （茂名二模）Keys: 1. which 2. where 3. which 4. who 5. which十三、状语从句 主要考查的知识点：时间、目的、条件、原因、地点和让步状语从句。重点复习：时间状语从句，尤其是 as，since，while，when，before，until等连接词。when / where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。让步状语从句的倒装。与非谓语动词作状语的区别和转化。【例11】After the war，a new school building was set up _ there has once been a theatre.A. that B. where C. what D. who【答案】B 【解析】这是 where引导的状语从句，不能将其视为定语从句，因为没有先行词。十四、名词性从句主要考查的知识点：名词性从句主要考查语序、时态和引导词。重点复习：whether，if和 that的区别。that从句和 wh- 从句的区别。wh- 引导的名词性从句不含疑问意义，相当于一个名词后加定语从句。如：The book is where you left it just now.连接代词和连接副词的选择。【例12】Excuse me，but can you tell the way to this small town？It depends on you go. There are several ways of getting there. A. where B. how C. when D. whether【答案】B 【解析】本题主要考查几个不同的疑问词引导名词性从句时意义上的区别。乍一看，本题四个选项都符合空白处的句意。但看完题目的最后一句话中的信息后方可判断应该是“怎样走”。故答案为 B。