高考完形填空的三大着眼点.doc

高考完形填空的三大着眼点
完形填空注重在语境中考查词义。几乎所有的备选项都要通过联系上文或下文而确定。因此答案有的由一个句子决定，有的由相邻不远的一组句子(段内)决定，还有的由整个语篇内容(跨段)综合决定。因此，依据完形填空设题的信息来源，可将完形填空题分为句内层次题、段内层次题和跨段层次题。明确了解题信息源，就锁定了思考范围，有利于考场快速准确答题。
(一)句内层次题
句内层次类题目是指通过阅读空格所处的那一句话即可找出答案的题目。命题角度通常有上下文语义理解、词义辨析、生活常识和文化背景、习惯搭配及固定结构、语法结构及逻辑关系等五种。
[典例1]　(2013·安徽高考)If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why.Do you need it for a __36__ reason, such as your job or your studies?
36．A.technical　　　　　 B．political
C．practical D．physical
[分析]　选C　本题为句内层次题。由接下来的“such as your job or your studies”可知，此处是问你学一门外语是因为某种现实的需要(诸如求职或求学)吗？practical“现实的”，符合语境。
[典例2]　(2013·浙江模拟)I saw their bodies, but I couldn't feel their souls __23__ their souls belonged to the Net.
23．A.because B．when
C．until D．unless
[分析]　选A　本题为句内层次题。上下文有因果关系，故选because。
(二)段内层次题
段内层次类题目是指通过阅读空格所处的那一句话不能找出正确答案，需要结合题目所在句子以外的句子(段内)才可找出答案的题目。命题角度通常有上下文语义理解、词义辨析和逻辑关系两种。
[典例1]　(2013·广东高考)The bird did not __7__ until the man left the tower. The man had an __8_idea__. He took another man with him to the tower. One man left and the other stayed, but they did not __9_fool__ the bird.The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The experiment was __10_repeated__ with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were ...
7．A.relax B．recover
C．react D．return
[分析]　选D　本题为段内层次题。根据下文中的But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were ...可得知答案。直到那个人离开塔时，乌鸦才回到巢中，故用return。
[典例2]　(2013·湖北高考)The house came __45_alive__ the next few days.Zigfried __46_enjoyed__ every single hour of them. __47__， the day before Christmas when he was drinking hot chocolate with a __48_satisfied__ smile at the door of his home, he heard the __49_discussion__ of the children of the family about what they might get for Christmas.What? A cat? The __50_smile__ froze on his face; his mouth fell wide open.After a long while, he at last found his voice：“Hey! Whose Christmas miracle is this？”
47．A.However B．Instead
C．Moreover D．Therefore
[分析]　选A　本题为段内层次题。第一、二句描述的气氛很活跃，但是后面的内容与第一、二句相悖，因此在此处作者笔锋一转，开始叙述小老鼠的命运急转而下。A项能反映出作者的意图。
(三)跨段层次题
跨段层次类题目是指通过阅读题目所在的段落不能够确定答案，需要结合其他段落才能找到正确答案的题目。这类题目的答案信息源可能在前面的段落内，也可能在后面的段落内。命题角度通常有上下文语义理解和逻辑关系两种。
[典例1]　(2013·湖南高考)When I was 8 years old, I once decided to run away from home.With my suitcase __36_packed__ and some sandwiches in a bag, I started for the front door and said to Mom, “I'm leaving.”
“If you want to __37__， that's all right，” she said. “But you came into this home without anything and you can leave the same way.”
…
The door inched open and Mom's smiling face appeared.“Did you change your __47_decision__ about running away？” she asked.
37．A.drop out B．go by
C．move around D．run away
[分析]　选D　本题为跨段层次题。根据第一段中的“I once decided to run away from home”可知，作者是要离家出走。47空后的“running away”也是线索提示。
[典例2]　(2010·安徽高考)…
First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be __40_easy__ to use.
…
Then, the writing point of the pen should __46_allow__ the ink to flow evenly (均匀的) while that pen remains in touch with the paper.
…
__52__， the pen should make a thick, dark line ...
52．A.Meanwhile B．Generally
C．Afterwards D．Finally
[分析]　选D　本题为跨段层次题。由原文第二段段首的First of all和第三段段首的Then以及最后一段的内容可知此处应用finally，表示此段介绍了钢笔的最后一个特点。