高中英语虚拟语气练习题.doc

虚拟语气练习题精选
1. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.
A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished
2. She made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ Iraq.
A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; to D. to be left; for
3. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.
A. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone
4. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.
A. did; set B. had done; should be set
C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set
5. I suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .
A. can; it B. /; / C. would; it D. may; /
6. The suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.
A. for; to B. that; be C. which; should be D. to; being
7. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the Sars soon.
A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent
8. It is important that we _____ wild animals.
A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting
9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.
A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been
10. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.
A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be
11. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave D. If he leave
12. Should it rain, the crops _____ .
A. would be saved B. would have been saved
C. will be saved D. had been saved
13. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.
A. would B. should have C. may D. have
14. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.
A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were
15. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.
A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent
16. A few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.
A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to catch
17. --- “Have you ever been to Beijing?” --- “No, but I wish I _____”
A. have B. will C. do D. had
18. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .
A. I may have failed B. I’d fail C. I’d have failed D. I’ll have failed
19. --- “What will you do during the summer holiday?”
--- “I don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”
A. I’m deciding B. I’ll decide C. I decided D. I decide
20. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow
21. If only I _____ my watch!
A. hadn’t lost B. haven’t lost C. didn’t lost D. don’t lose
22. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.
A. may not make B. might not make
C. shouldn’t have made D. might not have made
23. We _____ the work on time without your help.
A. hadn’t had finished B. didn’t have finished
C. couldn’t have finished D. can’t have finished
24. --- “Where have you been?”
--- “I got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner.”
A. I would be here B. I have been here
C. I had been here D. I would have been here
25. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.
A. were B. had been C. are D. should be

Key: 1-5. CAABB 6-10. BCBCB 11-15. CAABDB 16—20. CDCCA 21-25. ADCDC
虚拟语气
Ｉ概念。　虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式， 用来表达说话人的愿望，意图，建议，惊奇，设想等未能实现的情况，以及在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。
II.　虚拟语气的特点：
１． １．       虚拟语气表达的是与客观现实相反的观念。
２． ２．       虚拟语气常由一个表示条件的从句和一个主句构成。　
３． ３．       由于虚拟语气中条件从句中的条件是与客观事实相反，　因此其主句的结论也只能是想象的，非真实的。　
４． ４．       虚拟语气的特点决定了它句中动词形式的使用与真实句中的动词形式的是不同的。同时，虚拟语气受时间的制约，分成以下三种句式：
1） 1）    与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。
2） 2）    与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
3） 3）    与将来事实相反的虚拟语气
III. III.   在不同时间下，虚拟语气的三种形式，公式。
I.与现在事实相反
were might
if+主语+ 过去式动词 would
过去式助动词 ， 主语+ could + V
should
II.与过去事实相反
might
would + have + 过去分词
If +主语+had +过去分词, 主语 + could
Should
III.与将来事实相反
were might
if + 主语+ 过去式助动词
were to +v 主语+ would + V
should + v. could

注：１。　虚拟语气中助动词be一律用were，不用was。
　　２．　在与将来事实相反的虚拟语气中，“if＋主语＋should +Ｖ+…＋表示可能的假设
1.与现在事实相反
１） １）If I had a car, I should be very happy.
= I should be very happy if I had a car, but I haven’t a car.
2) 2)       If I were a bird, I could fly.
= I could fly if I were a bird, but I am not a bird, so I can’t fly.
3) 3)       I he took his teacher’s advice, he might pass the exam.
= He might pass the exam if he took his teacher’s advice, but he doesn’t take his teacher’s advice, so he doesn't pass the exam.
4) 4)       If it weren’t raining, we should go for a picnic.
= We should go for a picnic if it weren’t raining, but it is raining.
题例：
1) 1)       If my father __________ here now, he _________ tell me what to do.
A. A.  were, would B were, will C is, would D is , will
2) 2)       If I ________ a bee, I __________ work much harder.
A were, would B were, shall C had, will D have, should
3) 3)       If I _______ much money, I _________ buy a house.
A have, will B had, should C had, will D have, should
4) 4)       He __________ learn more quickly if he _________ harder.
A will, work B would, worked C would, work D will , worked
5) 5)       If I __________ you, I _________ do that.
A was, wouldn’t B were, wouldn’t C am , won’t D were, won’t
Key: AABBB
2.与过去事实相反
例：1) If I had known her telephone number, I would have called her.
= I would have called her if I had known her telephone number, but I didn't know her
telephone number, so I didn’t call her.
2) If you had come ten minutes earlier, you could have met that famous film star.
= You could have met that famous film star if you had come ten minutes earlier, but
you didn’t come ten minutes earlier, so you didn't see that famous film star.
3) If I had realized the importance of English study, I should have worked much harder.
= I should have worked much harder if I had realized the importance of English study,
but
I didn’t realize the importance of English study, so I didn't work harder.
题例：
1) 1)  If you _________ the doctor’s advice, you would have recognized already.
A. followed B would follow C follow D had followed
2) 2)  If my lawyer __________ here last Saturday, he ___________ me from going.
A had been , would have prevented B had been, would prevent
C were, would prevent D were, would have prevented
3) 3)  I __________ if she _________ me.
A would have overslept , didn’t call B would have overslept, hadn’t called
C overslept, hadn't called D would overslept, didn’t call
4) 4)  ---- If he ________, he ________that food.
-----Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A was warned, would not take B had been warned, would not have taken
C would be warned, had not taken D would have been warned, had not taken
5) 5)  She _______ to the party if she _______ invited.
A would have gone, had been B would go , was
C would have gone, was D has gone
Key: DABBA
3.与将来事实相反
例：1） If I were to be twenty years old, I would take the course of computer science.
= I would take the course of computer science if I were to be twenty years old, but I am
not twenty years old, so I will not take the course of computer science.
2) If I did /should do/were to do that , she would feel very surprised.
= She would feel very surprised if I did/should do/were to do that, but I don’t do that, so
she will not feel surprised.
3) If I failed, I would try again.
= I would try again if I failed, but if I doesn’t fail, I will not try again.
题例：
1) 1)  It’s quite impossible that it will rain tomorrow. But if it _________, I would still go to the park.
A should rain B would rain C rained D had rained
2) 2)  I don’t think that I shall fail. But if I _______, I would try again.
A should fail B would fail C failed D had failed
3) 3)  ________ tomorrow, what should we do?
A If it rains B. Should it rain C. Would it rain D. Were it raining
Key: AAB
注：书面语中，　“if”虚拟语气倒装形式的使用：
如果“if”从句中含有 “were, had ”或“should ”时， 则可省略连词“if ”，而把“were, had ” 或“should” 移至主语之前。
例：1) Were I you (=I were you ), I would ….
2) Had they not come last time (=If they had not come last time), we would have done….
3) Should it rain tomorrow (= If it should rain tomorrow), she would …
注: 1.某些动词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
1. 1.在动词 suggest, insist, order, command, require, request , demand 等后面的宾语从句中， 动词形式一般用 “should + 动词原形，或省略should用动词原形，用以表示一种建议，劝说， 命令， 要求的语气。
例：１）　The teacher suggested we (should )finish that task at the end of next week.
2) 2)       The officer ordered that the enemy (should ) be surrounded in the village before daylight.
3) 3)       His uncle insists that he (should ) go to the most well-known university instead of some common ones.
注意：1) 在It’s suggested /ordered /required/demanded/decided/necessary/important等结构的主语从句中， 或suggestion, order, idea等词的同位语从句和表语从句中， 也应用should +动词原形， 或省略should ， 以适合于说话人所表示的建议或要求， 命令的语气。
例：a. It’s suggested that a modern hotel (should) be set up at the front of the hill.
b. The general gave the order that the bridge (should ) be destroyed before 5 o’clock in the morning.
c. It's necessary /important that every party member (should ) take the lead and work well.
2)当suggest的主语不指人，　而是指某一现象时，　同时宾语从句不表示建议，　而是暗示一种情况，　这时宾语从句不用should +动词原形，　而应根据内容而选择正确的时态。Insist等词的用法在不表示对未来某一动作的主张和要求时，　也不用should +动词原形。　
例：a. The expression on his face suggested that he was unhappy.
b. She insisted that her answer was right.
2.常见的要求使用虚拟语气的特殊动词， 词组， 句形。

1) about time
It + time + that +主语＋ should + V
high time V-ed

例：　a. It’s about time that you ___B_____ your store.
A close B closed C have closed D had closed
b. b.       It’s high time that he ________B__ to think how to deal with the money.
A would begin B began C begin D will begin
2) What if….?(如果该怎麽办)
　　　例：a. ---He would go to see you.
---_________ He did not come?
A. What if B. Where if C. What come D. why whether
4) 4)       “wish” 在宾语从句中 V-ed…. 表现在
wish + 主语（宾语从句中的主语）+ had + 表过去
could/would/ might + V. 表将来
例：a. -----Do you have a type writer?
-----No, but I wish I _____B_____.
A have B had C do D had had
b. b.       I wish I ____C_____ my time when I was young.
A didn’t waste B shouldn't have waste C hadn’t waste D wouldn't have wasted
c. c.       I wish we _____A_____ with my brother when he flies to England next week.
A could go B had gone C will go D are going
4) 4)  as if, as though表不可能，不真实情况时的虚拟语气
例：a. They look rather puzzled, as if /though they didn’t know. 表现在
b. You look as if /though you had seen a ghost. 表过去
c. He is very happy as if /though he could win the game. 表将来

5) would rather在虚拟语气中的用法

　　　　　　　　　　　　　V-ed表现在或将来
would rather +主语(从句中)+
had + 过去分词表过去
例：a . I would rather you came tomorrow than today.
b. b.       I would rather you hadn't said that.
ＶＩ。练习题
1. 1.  I advised that sister ________ at her desk all day.
A. A.  mustn’t B not read C doesn’t read D needn’t read
2. 2.  The situation required that China __________ its door to the outside world.
A must open B should open C have to open D has to open
3. 3.  I ________ you a more valuable present for your birthday. I was short of money at that time.
A must have brought B would have bought C had bought D would buy
4. 4.  ----Do you want him to lend you some money?
-----I wish he __________.
A had B did C would D should
5. _______he came , the problem would be settled.
A Would B Should C. Shall D. If
6. 6.       It was required that each student _________ enough food on the trip.
A. A.        had better bring B would bring C brought D bring
7. 7.       You __________ the meeting yesterday. Why are you absent?
A had seen B might have seen C were to see D would see
8. 8.       She didn’t come yesterday, or you _________him.
A had seen B might have seen C were to see D would see
9. 9.       ___________ you ________last Wednesday, you might know it well.
A Were , to come B. If, came C. Had, come D. Did , come
10. 10.   I was ill that day, otherwise I _________the sports meet.
A. would have taken part in B took part in C had taken part in D would take part in
11. 11.   She couldn’t have answered the question if she _________ a few books on world history.
A didn’t read B wouldn’t read C haven’t read D hadn’t read
12. 12.   When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it __________.
A breaks B has broken C were broken D had been broken
13 13       We should have arrived sooner except we _________ a flat tyre.
A had B would C has not D has
14 14       ----Why didn’t you help him?
----I would have_______ I didn’t have the money.
A still B but C otherwise D or
15. I would rather she _____________ with her friends that alone.
A travel on train B traveled by train C travels by train D travelling by the train
16. 16.       I would have invited her to the party but I ____________ her well.
A don't know B didn’t know C hadn’t known D haven’t known
17. 17.       It was ordered that no smoking __________ in the library.
A was allowed B be allowed C would be allowed D had been allowed
18. 18.       Would you have stayed with her?
A had she asked B if she asked C if she should ask D should she ask
19. 19.       ________ here, he would attend the lecture.
A. A.  Had he been B If he were C Were he D Was he
20. 20.       Without electricity, what __________?
A will the world be like
B. B.   would the world be like
C. C.  the world would be like
D. D.  the world will be like
Key: 1----5 BBBCB 6----10 DDBCA 11----15 DCABB 16----20 BBACB