中考冲刺（重点单词短语+用法归类+易混淆词辨析）.doc

2015中考冲刺（重点单词短语+用法归类+易混淆词辨析）
1. 冠词，a an 重点记忆
an apple\orange\English book\ice-cream\interesting\engineer\eye\umbrella\hour\honest\honor\elephant\ apartment\international\unusual
a useful\ university\usual\ uniform\European
2. . cost / take / spend / pay 花费
花费时间做某事 ： It takes sb some time to do sth . = sb spend some time （in）doing sth .= sb spend some time on sth .
某人花钱买某物 ： sb spend some money on sth . = sb pay some money for sth . = sth cost sb . some money .
※ spend 和 pay 主语都是人， cost 主语是物。
※ spent 还可以指“度过”→ How did you spend your weekend ?
⑴ The sweater ________ me 90 yuan . = I _______ 90 yuan for the sweater .=I _____ 90 yuan on the sweater .
⑵ He spent lots of money ________ the mobile phone .
It ________ her 20 minutes to go home every day . = He ________ 20 minutes ________ home every day .
3 . thanks for　为…而感谢　　　　⑴ ______ inviting me to your birthday party .
thanks to 多亏/由于 ⑵______ your help .I got good grades
4.因为、由于 ： because( 连词 ) +从句： ( 表示原因 )
because of（介词短语） + 名词（短语 ）= thanks to ⑴ I didn’t go to school ______ I had a headache .
⑵ He was late for class ______ the bad weather .
⑶ He can’t come _____ he is ill .
⑷ Many people have a cold _____ the cold weather .
because和 so不能同时连用 .
5 . How often 对频率提问 （ 多久一次） →回答用表示频率的副词或短语
How long 对一段时间提问 （多久 ） →回答用表示一段时间的状语
How soon 对将来时间提问 （ 多久 ） →回答用 in+时间段
How far 询问多长距离（多长）
⑴- ______ have you been collecting the kites ? -For ten years .
⑵- ______ do you go shopping ? -Sometimes.
⑶ - ______ will your father come back ? - In two years .
⑷- _____ do you exercise ? - Once a week .
⑸- _____ is it from your home to school ? - About ten miles .
⑹- _____ are you staying there ? - Two weeks .
6. 乘交通工具 ： take a / the +交通工具 在句中作谓语
by+交通工具= on a 交通工具 在句中作方式状语
交通工具有：train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane…
⑴ He takes a bus to bank .= He goes to bank by bus . = He goes to bank on a bus .
⑵ I walk to school . = I go to school ______ .
※ 骑自行车、马或驴用ride ： ride one’s bike / ride a horse / ride a donkey in one’s car
7.到达… reach + 地点
get to + 地点 reach = get to
arrive + in + 大地点
arrive + at + 小地点
⑴ He reached London yesterday . = He ______ to London yesterday . = He ______ in London yesterday .
⑵ She arrived ______ the bus station just now . ⑶ You should ______ ( get ) home on time .
※ 当get to和 arrive at /in后接地点副词时，都不加介词。如：get home get there 省略 to
8.. win （ 赢得 ）接a game、 war 、a match、 a prize
beat ( 打败、战胜 )接运动员、球队、对手等。
⑴ Which team ______ the football match ?
⑵ Wang Hao ______ Ma Lin and ______ the champion of the Men’s Singles .
9.. 借 borrow sth . from sb = borrow sb . sth 向某人借某物→ borrow借入
lend sth . to sb = lend sb . sth把某物借给某人 → lend 借出
keep延续性动词 ，与一段时间连用。
⑴ Can you lend me your bike ? = Can you ______ your bike ______ me ?
⑵ You can borrow some money ____ your brother . = You can borrow your brother ____ ____.
⑶ - How long can I ______ the book ?
- You can _____ it for two weeks .
10. too many 太多 — 修饰可数名词复数→ I have too many rules in my house .
too much 太多 — 修饰不可数名词→ Maybe you have too much yin .
much too 太 — 后跟形容词或副词原级 → This coat is much too expensive .
⑴ Eating _____ ______ is bad for your health .
⑵ It’s ______ ______cold today . You’d better not go out .
⑶ There are ______ ______ students in the hallways . It’s dangerous .
11. 属于：belong to + 名词 / 人称代词宾格 （属于）
be + 名词所有格 / 名词性物主代词 （是）
⑴ It must ______ Ning’s .= It must _________ Ning .
⑵ The pencil must be ______ (my) . = The pencil must belong to ______ (my) .
⑶ This ball ______ to me .= This ball is ______ .
12.the number of + 名词复数（…的数量）作主语， 谓语用单数。
a number of + 名词复数 （许多、一些）= many
⑴ The number of students in our class______ 80 .
⑵ ______ number of students are in Helin Middle School .
13. . for + 一段时间
since + 时间点/过去时的句子
⑴ We have been studying English ______ three years .
⑵ He has been staying here ______ he was five years old . .
⑶ We haven’t seen each other ______ ten years ago .
※ for和 since 可以相互转换。如：Jenny has been collecting coins for several years .= Jenny has been collecting coins since several years ______ .
14.否定祈使句 Don’t + v.
No + v.ing / n.
⑴ Don’t smoke here . = ______ ______ here . ⑵ Don’t take photos. = ______ ______ .
15. sometimes 不时；有时（是一般现在时的标志词）→Sometimes I go to school by bus . some times 几次（此时time是可数名词，意为“次数”）→He has been to Shanghai some times .
sometime 某个时间（表示在过去或将来的某个时候）→ I saw him sometime last year .
some time 一段时间（此时time是不可数名词）→ He will stay here for some time .
⑴ We are going to have a party ________ next week .⑵ _______ the boy is late for school .
⑶ He spent _________ in cutting hair .So he missed the early bus .
⑷ Li Jun has been to Bird’s Nest _________ .
16. 穿戴： “wear + 衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等（强调状态）→Our teacher often wears a pair of glasses .
put on +衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等（强调动作）→Kate puts on her hat and goes out .
be in + 颜色/服饰（强调状态）→The girl in red is my sister .
dress + 人/反身代词 (给某人穿) →She dresses her daughter every morning .
⑴ You’d better ______ your coat . ⑵ She was _______ a flower in her hair .
⑶ The boy ______ white is my friend . ⑷ He is too young to ______ himself .
⑸ Miss Li often _____ the white sports shoes .
※ dress当表示状态时常用be dressed in + 衣物（穿着…颜色的衣服）→He is dressed in a black coat .他常穿着黑色的外套。
17.speak 指说话的能力，也可表示“演讲、发言”。其后可以接语言类词汇。
say强调说的内容。say sth .to sb .→Please say hello to him .
talk指相互之间的谈话。talk to / with sb表示与某人交谈，talk about sb / sth 表示“谈论某人 / 某事”。 →She is talking with her boss .
tell侧重指“告诉”，后接双宾语或复合宾语：tell sb .sth. → Please tell me the time .
tell sb (not) . to do sth .→ She told me to wait for her .
※ tell可以和lie , story 搭配。如: tell a lie / tell a story / tell a joke / tell a truth .
⑴ From his face we could see that he was _____ a lie . ⑵ She is ______ at the meeting .
⑶ Fangfang _____ she is at home . ⑷ They are ______ about the weather .
⑸ He can’t _____ it in French , but he can _____ English .
18.one … the other 一个…另一个
some … others 一些…另一些 （另一些并不包括全部）
some … the others一些…其他的（其他的包括剩下的全部）
⑴ I have two brothers, _____ is a teacher , _______ is a doctor .
⑵ _____ students are in the classroom , ________ are out .
⑶ At the party , ______ are dancing , ______ are singing
19. on one’s + 序数词 + birthday （在某人几岁生日时）
in one’s + 整十的基数词的复数 （在某人几十多岁时）
⑴ Edison invented many things in his _______ (twenty) .
⑵ On my ______ (twenty) birthday . I got a new mobile phone .
20.辨析不定代词： either ；neither； each；both 等
either 两者其一；
neither 两者都不 + 名词（单数）+动词（单数）
each 每个

both 两者都 + 名词（复数）+动词（复数）
of prep.介词 +代词（宾格）固定结构
either of (两者其一)
neither of (两者都不) +代词（宾 格）+V.(单数）

both of (两者都)，
all of (三者或三者以上都是) 代词（宾 格）+V.(复数）
none of (三者或三者以上都不是)

Eg.
Either of us _______ English. (speak）
Neither of us _______English. (speak)
Both the boys _______ clever. ( be )

21.表示“越来越……”。的句型
1）单音节词用“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天越来越温暖了)
2）多音节词用“more and more+原级形式”
3）“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”表示“越…就越…”。如：
The more trees we plant,the better it will be.(我们栽的树越多,情况就会越好)/
The harder you try,the greater your progress is.(你越是努力,进步就越大)
有关doing的短语归类（39）
1. enjoy doing sth = like doing sth 喜欢做某事
2. thanks for doing sth 感谢做某事
3. finish doing sth = end up doing sth 完成做某事
4. practice doing sth 练习做某事
5. Could you mind (not) doing sth 你介意（不）做某事吗 ？
6. how (what) about doing sth？ 做某事怎麽样？
7. instead of doing sth 代替做某事
8. beacause of doing sth 由于做某事
9. be good at doing sth = do well in doing sth 擅长做某事
10. stay up doing sth 熬夜做某事
11. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
12. make a living (by) doing sth 靠做某事谋生
13. have fun doing sth 做某事很高兴
14. have a hard time doing sth =have trouble (in) doing sth =have problem doing sth做某事有困难
15. sb spend some time (in) doing sth 某人花费时间做某事
16. can’t stand doing sth 无法忍受做某事
17. be always doing sth = keep doing sth 一直（总是）做某事
18. keep on doing sth 坚持做某事
19. be interested in doing sth 对做某事感兴趣
20. by doing sth 通过做某事的方法
21. be afraid of doing sth = be terrified of doing sth 害怕做某事
22. succeed in doing sth 做某事很成功
23. give up doing sth = stop doing sth 放弃做某事
24. can’t stop doing sth 情不自禁做某事
25. forget (remember) doing sth 忘记（记得）做过某事
26. consider doing sth 考虑做某事
27. put off doing sth 推迟做某事
28. dream of doing sth 梦想做某事
29. be against doing sth 反对做某事
30. keep sb. doing sth 使某人持续做某事
31. find sb . doing sth 发现某人正在做某事
32. see (watch) sb . doing sth 看见某人正在做某事
33. hear sb . doing sth 听见某人正在做某事
34. stop sb. from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
35. be used for doing sth = be used to do sth 被用来做某事
36. be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
37. pay attention to doing sth 专心做某事
38. look forward to doing sth 期望做某事
39. prefer doing sth . to doing sth 喜欢做某事，而不喜欢做某事