青少年学堂英语语法.docx

【青少年学堂】英语语法原来这么简单
2014-09-10 Bonnie 阅读第一

阅读第一：自从设立青少年学堂，让孩子们通过直接阅读原版英文文章，学习如何写英文故事后，收到了不少家长的反馈。其中有一个家长问：“我的孩子特别不喜欢英文，尤其讨厌学语法。有没有什么比较有意思的方法教孩子学语法呢？”还有一个家长问：“我的孩子已经11岁了，在北京的一所国际学校读书。但他是从国内学校转过去的。英文的基本功很差，他的英文文语错误很多，连标点符号都能出错。有没有关于英文语法和基本功的文章介绍？”
英国的学校比较重视学生英文表达的完整性，不但直接让孩子从原版的经典中学习英文，也特别重视英文表达的时态、用词和标点的准确性。无论是口语还是书面表达，语法的正确也是非常重要的。

但美国的学校，包括国内很多教授IB课程的学校，重视英文阅读，但是主要让孩子通过大量阅读去提高英文口语和写作的水平，老师大多不太q强调语法的学习。为了鼓励学生自由的表达，即使发现孩子的写作有很多语法的错误，老师一般也不会修改。这时候，如果学生走运，碰到老师和周围的同学英文表达很标准，他可能学会标准的英文。如果碰到的同学都是英语为第二语言的话,可能学到的是lazy English. 当然，我没有说这不好。只是如果你的孩子将来希望成为一个教授、律师、银行家、管理人员等等，那他就要给自己提更高的要求了。
公立的学校教英文的方法确实让学生对英文丧失兴趣，特别是教语法的方式。其实是有非常简单又明了的方式让甚至六岁的孩子都学会英文的文法。首先是大量的阅读，然后是一些非常有效的语法解释和练习。
从今天开始，同步于“创意英文写作“的”如何写英文故事“的青少年英文学堂，我将介绍帮助八岁以上孩子学习英文语法的有效的方法（如果孩子具备2.0以上的英文阅读的能力，六岁也可以学习，非常简单容易理解）。所有的内容将以英文进行，不会提供中文说明。如果家长和孩子有任何的建议，请微信给我。如果觉得文章非常好，请转发到你的朋友圈或发给有需求的朋友。

Grammar Is Great

The Parts of Speech

Every type of word in a sentence has a name and these names known as the ‘parts of speech’. This poem gives you a handy reminder of each of them:
Every name is called a noun,
As field and fountain, street and town.
In place of noun the pronoun stands
As he and she can clap their hands.
The adjective describes a thing,
As magic wand and bridal ring.
The verb means action, something done-
To read, to write, to jump, to run.
Howthings are done, the adverbs tell,
As quickly, slowly, badly, well.
The preposition shows relations,
As in the street, or at the station.
Conjunctions join, in many ways,
Sentences,words, or phrase and phrase.
The interjection cries out,”Hark!”
Ineed an exclamation mark!”
Through poetry, we learn how each
Of these make up the parts of speech.

How about Nouns?

A noun is a name for a thing, a person or a place.

Words such as ‘bus’,’chair’,dragon’,’firework’,’Hosepipe’,’maggot’, ’Octopus’, ’teacher’ and ‘tree’ are all noun.

Common Nouns

There are different types of noun and the easiest type to spot are called ‘common noun’. These are names for ordinary things, such as a book, a box or a button. They are also names for less ordinary things, such as a platypus, an a steroid or and an earthquake, but they are all still common nouns. Remember, if you can put ‘the’, ‘a’ or ‘an’ in front of a word, it is probably a common noun.
Grammar Extra
‘The’, ‘a’ and ‘an’ are short word with long names in grammar. They are known as the ‘definite article’ (the) and the ‘indefinite article’ (a and an). If you say a man, you are talking about a particular man- a definite man.
Proper Nouns

Some nouns start with a capital letter: these are called proper nouns. They name one specific thing, such as a particular person or a particular country. Your name is a proper noun and so is the name of the country in which you live. Here are some more examples of proper nouns,followed by the matching common noun:
Proper Noun (Common Noun)
William (boy)
Potter (surname)
Norway (country)
Friday (day)
October (month)
Abstract Nouns

The word ‘abstract’ describes something that is an idea rather than an object. Abstract nouns are words that describe things, but nothings that actually exist as objects. You can’t see them or hear them, and you can’t touch, smell or taste them either.
‘Excitement’,‘failure’,‘friendship’,’gengerosity’,’impatience’,’poverty’,’sleep’,’success’ and‘virtue’ are all abstract nouns.
Collective Nouns

‘Collective nouns’ describe groups of people or things. For example, a class is a group of school children, an army is a group of soldiers,and a deck is a group of cards. ‘Audience’, ‘Bunch’, ‘Collection’, ‘Family’,’Jury’, ‘Orchestra’, ’Parliament’ and ’team’ are all collective nouns.
Put Pronouns In

‘Pronouns’ are words which are used as stand-ins for nouns.This means that you can use them instead of nouns to really liven up yourspeaking or writing. Try reading this:

Lucy spotted a sea monster: The seamonster had enormous horns and the sea monster was swimming straight towards lucy. Lucy couldn’t outswim the sea monster, or hypnotize the sea monster? The sea monster was getting nearer. The sea monster’s huge mouth opened in a roar.Help! The sea monster was going to eat Lucy…Then Lucy woke up.
It’s a bitrepetitive, isn’t it? Now see what happens when you put some pronouns in:
Lucy spotted a sea monster: It had enormous horns and it was swimming straight towards her. She couldn’t outswim it. Could she tame it, or hypnotize it? It was getting nearer. Its huge mouth opened in a roar. Help! The sea monster was going to eat her…Then Lucy woke up.
See how much snappier it is, thanks to a few pronouns? In the paragraph above, ’it’, ’she’ and ‘her’ are all pronouns.

What’s Mine Is Yours
The words listed below are called ‘personal pronouns’. The words in the first column are that you can use as the subject of a sentence.The pronouns in the second column can be used as the object in a sentence. The third column contains ‘possessive’ pronouns. These are used to show that something belongs to someone – or to several people:
Subject Object Possessive
I me mine
you you yours
he him his
she her hers
it it its
we us ours
you(plural) you yours
they them theirs

Grammar Guidance. Avoid using a pronoun if it makes the meaning of your sentence unclear. For example:
If the children don’t finish their chips, put them in the bin. Will the chips or the children end up in the bin?

Further Pronouns
Lots of different words can act as pronouns, and they have many different jobs-here just a few of them.

Relative Pronouns
The words ’that’, ’which’, ’who’, ‘whom’ and ‘whose’ can be used as ‘relative pronouns’. These are words that connect two parts of a sentence and describe the relationship between the two parts. For example:
This is the boy who took my lolly.
Where is the ball which I kickedover the fence?

Grammar Guidance.You can only use ‘who’ in relation to people and ‘which’ in relation to animals or things. However, in general, ‘that’ can be used foreither.

Reflexive Pronouns
The words ’myself’, “yourself’, ’himself’, ’herself’, ’itself’,’ourselves’, ’yourselves’ are called reflexive pronouns. A reflexive pronounallows you to refer back to a person or thing that you have already mentioned.
Subject Reflexive Pronoun
I myself
you yourself
he himself
she herself
it itself
we ourselves
you yourselves
they themselves
You use a reflexive pronoun when a sentence has the same subject and object in it,like this:

I can look after myself.

In this sentence, I is the subject, myself is the object.

To Be Continue...
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