汽车英语全套整本书电子教案教学教程.ppt

AutomobilePracticalEnglishUnitOneContentsV.GlossaryIV.ExercisesIII.TextBPrincipleofFourstrokeEngineII.TextAAutomobileStructureI.RelatedKnowledge1.Whatistheheartofanautomobile?vEngineistheheartofanautomobile.I.RelatedKnowledge2.How many main units does theautomobile consist of?What arethey?vFourmainunits.vThey are engine,chassis,body andelectricalequipments.3.Wesaythechassisiscomposedoffourmainsystems,whatarethey?vTransmission,suspension,steering andbrakingsystems.II.TextA-AutomobileStructurevThemodernautomobilecontainsmorethan15,000separate,individualpartsandcomprisesseveralstructuralandmechanicalsystems.vindividualparts单个部件vstructural有一定结构的vAsitsnameindicates,itobtainspowerbyburningthefuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionintorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.vAsitsnameindicates顾名思义vconvertinto把转换为vforce力vThetransmissionsystemconsistsofclutch,gearbox,propellershaft,rearaxleanddifferentialandthedrivingroadwheels.vtransmissionsystem传动系vpropellershaft传动轴vdifferential差速器vThe clutch or torque converter has thetaskofconnectinganddisconnectingtheenginespower from thedriving wheelsofthevehicle.vclutch离合器vtorqueconverter液力变矩器vThebasicjobofthesuspensionsystemistoabsorbtheenergyofimpactsofthetiresalongtheroadsurface,andtheshocksdampordissipatethatenergy,usinghydraulics,sothatthesuspendedportionofthevehicledoesnotkeepbouncing.vimpact冲击vdamp衰减vdissipate驱散，消失vPower steering is a system forreducing the steering effort on carsbyusinganexternalpowersourcetoassist in turning the steering wheeland make the vehicle easier tomanoeuvre.vsteeringeffort转向力vmanoeuvre熟练操作vTheelectricalsystemsupplieselectricityfortheignition,horn,lights,heater,andstarter.Theelectricitylevelismaintainedbyachargingcircuit.vignition点火vhorn喇叭vstarter起动机vchargingcircuit充电电路vOfallautomobilecomponents,anautomobileengineisthemostcomplicatedassemblywithdominanteffectsonthefunctionofanautomobile.vcomplicated复杂的vfunction功能，作用III.TextB-PrincipleofFour-strokeEnginevTheburningofthefuelcausedarapidriseincylinderpressurewhichisconvertedtousefulmechanicalenergybythepistonandcrankshaft.vpressure压力vpiston活塞vcrankshaft曲轴vTheintakestrokeofafour-strokeenginebeginswiththepistonattopdeadcenter(TDC).vintakestroke进气冲程vtopdeadcenter(TDC)上止点vbottomdeadcenter（BDC）下止点vTherefore,amixtureofgasolineandair,pushedbytheatmosphericpressureoutsidetheengine,rushesthroughtheintakemanifoldandintotheenginecylinder.vatmosphericpressure大气压vintakemanifold进气歧管vTheair-fuelchargeisnowundercompressionsothatitwillproduceagreatdealofpowerwhenthesparkplugignitesit.vsparkplug火花塞vignite点火vJustasorslightlybeforethepistonreachesTDConthecompressionstrokewiththeair-fuelmixturefullycompressed,atimedelectricalsparkappearsatthesparkplug.vcompressionstroke压缩冲程vInotherwords,whiletheexhaustvalveisopen,theupwardmovementofthepistonprovidesaneffectivemethodfordischargingallwastegasesfromtheenginecylinderandcombustionchamber.vexhaustvalve排气门vcombustionchamber燃烧室i.IdentifytheEnglishnamesofautomobileassembliesaccordingtothepicture.1engine；2clutch；3transmission；4propellershaft；5differentialIV.Exercisesvii.Fillthemissingwordsintheblanksofthefollowingdialogueandrole-playinpairsadaptedfromthedialogue.vMary:Hi,John,whatareyoudoing?vJohn:Hi,Imtestingthetransmission.vMary:Transmission?Whatdoesthatnamereferto?vJohn:Eh,itreferstotheseriesofpartsusedtotransmittheenginetorquefromtheflywheeltothevehiclesdrivingwheels.Doyouknowitsfourmajorcomponents?vMary:ImafraidIdontknowaboutthat,canyoutellme?vJohn:Well,thetransmissionusuallyconsistsoffourmajorcomponents:clutch,gearbox,driveshaftandfinaldriveassembly.vMary:Oh,Iveheardoftheclutch,soitbelongstothetransmission?vJohn:Yes.vMary:Whatarethefunctionsofthefinaldriveassembly?vJohn:Itprovidesasuitabletopgearratio,transmitsdrivetotheroadwheels,andprovidesadifferentactionbetweendrivingwheelswhenthevehicleiscornering.iii.MatchtheEnglishphrasesorwordswiththenumbersonthediagramandwritethemdown.1valve；2pulley；3timingbelt；4cylinderblock；5camshaft；6piston；7crankshaft；8oilpanV.Glossaryvautomobilen.汽车vchassisn.底盘vinternalcombustionengine内燃机vpropelvt.推进,驱使vspark-ignitionengine火花点火式内燃机vcompression-ignitionengine压缩点火式内燃机vclutchn.离合器vpropellershaft螺旋轴；传动轴vtorqueconverter液力变矩扭器，转矩变换器vhydraulicadj.水力的,水压的，液压的vflexiblejoint柔性接头,挠性连接,挠性接头vshockabsorber减震器，缓冲器,减震器,阻尼器vpowersteeringsystem动力转向系统valternatorn.交流发电机vUnit2vsubsystem5sQb7sistimn.子系统子系统vwiring5waiEriNn.线路，配线线路，配线vsensor5sensEn.传感器传感器vpulsepQlsn.脉冲脉冲vcoolant5ku:lEntn.冷却液冷却液vvelocityvi5lCsitin.速度，迅速速度，迅速vstoichiometry7stCiki5Cmitrin.化学计量法化学计量法vEFIsystem电子控制燃油喷射系统电子控制燃油喷射系统vfuelfilter燃油滤清器燃油滤清器vfueldeliverypipe燃油分配管燃油分配管vfuelrail燃油管路燃油管路vfuelinjector喷油器喷油器vfuelpressureregulator燃油压力调节器燃油压力调节器vfuelreturnpipe燃油回油管燃油回油管vLtypeEFIsystemL型电控燃油喷射系统型电控燃油喷射系统venginesensor发动机传感器发动机传感器velectricalsolenoid电磁阀电磁阀vinjectionpulsewidth喷射脉冲宽度喷射脉冲宽度vair/fuelratio空燃比空燃比vfueleconomy燃油经济性燃油经济性v3valve vAlv n.气门intake ports 进气道exhaust manifold排气歧管timing gear正时齿轮camshaft凸轮轴tappet 5tApit n.挺杆push rod推杆rock rCk n.摇臂oil pump机油泵valve spring 气门弹簧eccentric wheel偏心轮bronze bush青铜衬套valve clearance气门间隙valve stem 气门杆,阀杆recess ri5ses n.切口，退刀槽valve train 气门机构，配气机构coil spring 螺旋弹簧camshaft play 凸轮轴端隙rocker contact pad 摇臂接触部位silichrome heat-resistant steel 硅铬耐热钢variable coil pitch spring 变螺距弹簧v4vpowertrain传动系传动系vtransmissiontrAnz5miFEnn.变速器变速器vclutchklQtFv.离合器离合器vdifferential7difE5renFEln.差速器差速器vsynchronizer5siNkrEnaizEn.同步器同步器vtransaxletrAnsAksln.传动轴传动轴vdriveshaft驱动轴驱动轴vuniversal7ju:ni5vE:sEln.万向节万向节vbumper5bQmpEn.保险杠，缓冲器保险杠，缓冲器vreleasebearing分离轴承分离轴承vmanualtransmission手动变速器手动变速器vreverseidlergears倒档中间齿轮倒档中间齿轮vautomatictransmission自动变速器自动变速器vplanetarygearsystem行星齿轮系行星齿轮系vhydrauliccontrolsystem液力控制系统液力控制系统vpropellershaft传动轴传动轴vuniversaljoint万向节万向节vfourwheeldrive四轮驱动四轮驱动vthrustpad止推垫止推垫v5vtractiveeffort牵引力牵引力vcrankshaft5krANkFB:ftn.曲轴曲轴vaxle5Aksln.轮轴、车轴轮轴、车轴vdriveline动力传动系统，驱动系统动力传动系统，驱动系统vpropellershaft汽车传动轴，万向节轴汽车传动轴，万向节轴vinertiai5nE:FjEn.惯性惯性,惯量惯量vcoasting5kEustiN滑行，惯性运转，滑行距离滑行，惯性运转，滑行距离vtractiveresistance牵引阻力牵引阻力vreversegear反转齿轮反转齿轮vsplinesplainn.花键花键vt.开键槽于，用花键连接开键槽于，用花键连接vrimrimn.边边,轮缘轮缘,蓝框蓝框vsynchronizersleeves同步器啮合套同步器啮合套vgearshiftmechanism换档机构换档机构vreversespeedsafetydevice倒档速度安全装置倒档速度安全装置vsnapsnApv.咬住，抓住，卡断咬住，抓住，卡断vhubhQbn.毂毂,木片木片,中心中心v6suspension sEs5penFEn n.悬架gusset 5Qsit n.加力片，角板，三角加强板bumper 5bQmpE n.缓冲器，减振器，保险杠deflection di5flekFEn n.变形，变位，挠曲jerk dVE:k n.猛然一拉振动，冲击pitch pitF v.纵向摇动，俯仰，前后颠簸loop lu:p n.卷耳，圈，环shackle 5FAkl n.钩环，挂钩，吊耳elasticity IlAs5tIsItI n.弹性，弹力，伸缩性U-bolt U型螺栓transversely 5trAnzvE:s li adv.横向地oscillation 7Csi5leiFEn n.震荡，振动，来回摆动wishbone 5wiFbEun n.叉骨,Y字型的东西twisting and bending forces 扭力和弯力steering angle 转向角torsion bar 扭杆rebound clips 回跳夹，钢板弹簧定位夹independent suspension system 独立悬架系统shock absorber 减振弹簧v7vcolumn5kRlEmn.柱，杆柱，杆vpitman5pitmEnn.连杆，摇杆连杆，摇杆vgearset5iEsetn.齿轮组，变速箱齿轮组，变速箱vrackrAkn.齿条齿条vwormwE:mn.蜗杆蜗杆vpitchpitFn.螺距，齿节，节距螺距，齿节，节距vpivot5pivEtn.枢轴，主销枢轴，主销vsleevesli:vn.衬套衬套vnutnQtn.螺母螺母vradius5reidjEsn.半径半径vknuckle5nQkln.关节，转向节，万向接头关节，转向节，万向接头vrackandpinionsteeringgear齿轮齿条式转向器齿轮齿条式转向器vrecirculatingballsteeringgear循环球式转向器循环球式转向器vSUV(SportUtilityVehicle)运动型多用途车运动型多用途车vgearsector齿扇齿扇vsteeringwheel方向盘方向盘vlinearmotion线性运动线性运动vsteeringshaft转向柱，转向杆转向柱，转向杆vsteeringknucklearm转向节臂转向节臂vpitmanarm转向摇臂转向摇臂vtierod转向横拉杆转向横拉杆v8vstabilitystE5bilitin.稳定性稳定性vdiagnostic7daiE5nCstikadj.诊断的，（有）特征的诊断的，（有）特征的villuminatei5lju:mineitv.照亮，发光照亮，发光vactivate5Aktiveitv.使使活动，对活动，对起作用，起动，开动起作用，起动，开动vretrieveri5tri:vv.更正，纠正，弥补更正，纠正，弥补vantiskid5Antiskidn.防滑装置防滑装置vantilock5Antin.防抱死防抱死vsolenoid5sEulinCidn.电磁线圈电磁线圈vcoefficientkEui5fiFEntn.系数系数vproperty5prCpEtin.属性，特性属性，特性vneedle5ni:dln.指针指针vnozzle5nCzln.喷嘴喷嘴vregulator5rejuleitEn.调节器调节器vexciterik5saitEn.振荡器，激发器，励磁机振荡器，激发器，励磁机vinstrumentpanel仪表板仪表板vwarninglight警告灯警告灯vmagneticinduction磁感应磁感应vsolenoidvalve电磁阀电磁阀v9velectricalsystem电气系统电气系统vchargingsystem充电系统充电系统vstartingsystem起动系统起动系统,起堆系统起堆系统vignitionsystem点火系统点火系统;点火装置点火装置;发火系统发火系统;点火系点火系vlightingsystem照明系统照明系统vauxiliarysystem辅助系统辅助系统vbattery5bAtErin.电池电池,蓄电池蓄电池valternator5C:ltE(:)neitEn.交流发电机交流发电机vvoltageregulator稳压器稳压器,电压调节器电压调节器,调压器调压器vindicatorlight指示灯指示灯vselfstarterself5stB:tE(r)n.电动式起动装置电动式起动装置vstartermotor起动电动机起动电动机;起动机起动机vsolenoidswitch电磁开关电磁开关vsparkplug火花塞火花塞vparklight停车灯停车灯vheadlight5hedlaItn.前灯前灯,桅灯桅灯vdipswitch双列直插式封装开关双列直插式封装开关vstoplights制动灯制动灯vturnsignals转向信号灯转向信号灯valertE5lE:tadj.提防的提防的,警惕的警惕的n.警惕警惕,警报警报vreversinglightn.汽汽倒车灯倒车灯vfaultindicator故障指示器故障指示器,探伤器探伤器v10velectroniccontrolsystem电子控制系统电子控制系统vengineload发动机负载发动机负载vinputsignal输入信号输入信号vvoltagesignal电压信号电压信号vsolenoidvalve电磁阀电磁阀;电磁调节阀电磁调节阀vsolenoidcoil电磁铁线圈，电磁线圈电磁铁线圈，电磁线圈vinput/outputcircuit输入输入/输出回路输出回路vintegratedcircuit(IC)集成电路集成电路vfunctiontable功能表功能表vdecisiontable决策表决策表vignitionadvancecharacteristic点火提前量点火提前量vcoolanttemperature冷却剂温度冷却剂温度vdecodercircuit解码器电路解码器电路vaddressingmemory地址存储器地址存储器vignitiontiming点火正时点火正时vmatchwith使使和和相配相配(称称)v11vmarketing5mB:kitiNn.市场营销市场营销vpromotionprE5mEuFEnn.促销促销vsegmentation7semEn5teiFEnn.市场细分市场细分vcompetitorkEm5petitEn.竞争者竞争者vadvertising5AdvEtaiziNn.广告广告vmarketingmix营销组合营销组合vmassmarketing完全市场覆盖完全市场覆盖vproductvarietymarketing专门化市场专门化市场vtargetmarketing密集单一市场密集单一市场vmarketpenetration:市场渗透市场渗透vmarketskimming取脂定价取脂定价vsalesvolume销量销量vpersonalselling人员推销人员推销vsalespromotion促销促销vpublicrelations公共关系公共关系DiagramThemeGallery 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TextconceptconceptConceptConceptConceptConceptConceptCAutomobilePracticalEnglishUnitTwoContentsV.GlossaryIV.ExercisesIII.TextBCrankshaftandConnectingRodMechanismII.TextAEFISystemI.RelatedKnowledgevWhatisEFIsystemcomposedof?vEFIsystemiscomposedofthefueldeliverysystem,airinductionsystem,andtheelectroniccontrolsystem.I.RelatedKnowledgeEFISystemII.TextA-EFISystemvTheElectronicFuelInjectionsystemcanbedividedintothreebasicsubsystems.Thesearethefueldeliverysystem,airinductionsystem,andtheelectroniccontrolsystem.vElectronicFuelInjectionsystem=EFI电控燃油喷射系统vfueldeliverysystem燃油供给系vairinductionsystem空气供给系velectroniccontrolsystem电子控制系vFuelismaintainedataconstantpressurebymeansofafuelpressureregulator.vconstant持续不变的vfuelpressureregulator燃油压力调节器vWhenthethrottlevalveisopened,airflowsthroughtheaircleaner,throughtheairflowmeter(onLtypesystems),pastthethrottlevalve,andthroughawelltunedintakemanifoldrunnertotheintakevalve.vthrottlevalve节气门vaircleaner空气滤清器vThe ECU turns the injectors on for a preciseamount of time,which is referred to asinjection pulse width or injection duration,todelivertheproperair/fuelratiototheengine.vinjectors喷油器vinjectionpulsewidthorinjection喷油脉宽或喷油持续时间vTheECUdeterminesthebasicinjectionquantitybaseduponmeasuredintakeairvolumeandenginerpm.vECU会按照计量的空气量和发动机转速来确定基本喷油量。vBydeliveringfueldirectlyatthebackoftheintakevalve,theintakemanifolddesigncanbeoptimizedtoimproveairvelocityattheintakevalve.Thisimprovestorqueandthrottleresponse.vintakevalve进气门vintakemanifold进气歧管vairvelocity空气流速vInareciprocatingengine,thepowermechanismiscalledthecrankshaftandconnectingrodassembly.vreciprocating往复运动的III.TextB-CrankshaftandConnectingRodMechanismvTheenginecrankcaseandcylinderblockareusuallycastinonepieceandthereforecanbeseenasthelargestandmostintricatepieceofmetalinautomobile.vcrankcaseandcylinderblock曲轴箱和汽缸体vcast铸造vintricate=complicated错综复杂的vItmaybeflat,concave,orconvex.Itmayalso be in any other shapes to promoteturbulenceorhelpcontrolcombustion.vconcave凹的vconvex凸的vcombustion燃烧vMechanically,acrankshaftwithoutspecialbalancedweightswouldhaveseverevibrationwhenrevolving.vbalancedweights平衡重vvibration振动vInotherwords,itmustbeprovidedwithcounterbalancedweightsthatextendradiallyfromthecrankshaftcenterlineintheoppositedirectionofthecrankarms.Inthatway,theforcesactingonthecrankshaftarebalancedandvibrationisreduced.vcounterbalancedweights平衡重vradially径向地vcrankarms曲柄臂vi.Fillthemissingwordsintheblanksofthefollowingdialogueandrole-playinpairsadaptedfromthedialogue.vLisa:Hi,John,Ihearyouhavetakenpartinatrainingclassofautotechnologyrecently,haventyou?vJohn:Yes,IhaveIlearnedalot.vLisa:MayIaskyousomequestionsaboutaspectsofauto?vJohn:Certainly.vLisa:Couldyoupleasetellmewhatistheadvantageoffueldeliverysystem?vJohn:ItisElectronicFuelInjectionSystem.vLisa:WhatdoesEFIconsistof?IV.ExercisesvJohn:EFIcanbedividedintothreebasicsubsystems.Thesearethefueldeliverysystem,airinductionsystem,andtheelectroniccontrolsystem.vLisa:WhatistheadvantageofElectronicFuelInjectionSystemcomparedwiththetraditionalFuelDeliverySystem?vJohn:Therearemanyadvantages.Forexample,itsuppliesacontinuouslyaccurateair/fuelratiototheenginenomatterwhatoperatingconditionsareencountered.vLisa:Thankyouforyourtellingmesomuchknowledgeinautomobileaspects.ii.Choosethecorrectwordformtocompleteeachsentence.manifoldatomizationstoichiometrythrottleinjectorsolenoidsvelocitythrottlevFuelisdeliveredfromthetanktotheinjectorbymeansofanelectricfuelpump.vAsthethrottlevalveisopenedfurther,moreairisallowedtoentertheenginecylinder.vTheinjectorsareelectricalsolenoidswhichareoperatedbytheECU.vTheECUsignalstheinjectortodeliverjustenoughfueltoachieveanidealair/fuelratioof14.7:1,oftenreferredtoasstoichiometry.vThiseliminatestheneedforfueltotravelthroughtheintakemanifold,improvingcylindertocylinderdistribution.vBydeliveringfueldirectlyatthebackoftheintakevalve,theintakemanifolddesigncanbeoptimizedtoimproveairvelocityattheintakevalve.vColdengineandwideopenthrottleenrichmentcanbereducedwithanFEIenginebecausefuelpuddingintheintakemanifoldisnota