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小学英语总复习
小学英语介词总结
介词(Preposition)
一、 概述
介词是英语中很活跃的词,一般置于名词之前。它常和名词或名词性词语构成介词短语。同一个介词常和不同的词语搭配形成固定搭配,表示不同意义。
1、 小学英语介词at,in与on表示时间时的用法
in; on; at用在时间词前,表“在”
at表示时间的一点;
in表示一个时期;
on表示特殊日子。
如:
He goes to school at seven o’clock in the morning. 他早晨七点上学。
Can you finish the work in two days. 你能在两天内完成这个工作吗?
Linda was born on the second of May. 琳达五月二日出生。
1). at + 具体时刻 ,I go to school at 8 o’clock.
At后常接几点几分,天明,中午,日出,日落,开始等。如:
at five o’clock (五点),at down (黎明),at daybreak (天亮),at sunrise (日出),at noon (中午),at sunset (日落),at midnight (半夜),at the beginning of the month (月初), at that time (那时),at that moment (那会儿),at this time of day (在一天的这个时候)。
2). in + 年、月、季节及一天中的上午、下午、晚上。
in后常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季节,世纪等。如:
in 2006(2006年),in May,2004 (2004年五月),in the morning (早晨/上午),in the afternoon (下午),in the evening (晚上),in the night (夜晚),in the daytime (白天),in the 21st century (21世纪),in three days (weeks/month)三天(周/个月),in a week (一周),in spring (春季)。
3). on + 具体某天(具体某天的上、下午等;星期词等)
They go to English class on Sunday. 星期天他们去上英语课。
on后常接某日,星期几,某日或某周日的朝夕,节日,及有修饰语修饰的下午、晚上等。如:
on Sunday (星期日),on a warm morning in April (四月的一个温暖的上午),on a December night (12月的一个夜晚),on that afternoon (那天下午),on the following night (下一个晚上),on Christmas afternoon (圣诞节下午),on October 1,1949 (1949年10月1日),on New Year’s Day (新年),on New Year’s Eve (除夕),on the morning of the 15th (15日的早上)等。
小结练习
1.___ the morning 2.___ Monday morning
3. ___ a rainy evening 4. ___3:50 5.__ 2002
6.___ the morning of April 10 7.___ spring
8.___ night 9.___ this time 10. ___ March
但注意:at night= in the night at noon
在时间词(morning , afternoon , evening ; Sunday…)前有last, next , this , that时,不再用介词. tomorrow, tonight前也不用介词。
2. in , on , at 表地点的用法
at一般指小地方;
in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;
on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如:
eg. 1)He arrived ___Shanghai yesterday.
2)They arrived ___a small village before dark.
3)There is a big hole ____ the wall.
4)The teacher put up a picture ____ the wall.
注意:1、at用于某些固定搭配: at once 立刻、马上 at last 最后
at the same time 同时 at first 开始时 not at all 一点也不
2、in用于某些固定搭配: in front of 在……前面
in the end 最后 in time 及时
3、on用于某些固定搭配: on duty 值日 on time 准时
三、其他常用介词的用法
to ①到,往,向: He walks to the window. 他走向窗户。
②表示时间、数量 “到……为止” Please count from ten to thirty. 请从10数到30.
③向,对,给: Happy New Year to you all. 大家新年好。
under 在……下面 What's under your desk? 你书桌底下是什么?
behind 在……之后: There is a bike behind the tree. 树后有一辆自行车
after ①在……之后: After dinner I watch TV. 晚饭后我看电视。
near 靠近,在……附近: My bed is near the window. 我的床在窗户旁。
by ①在……旁: He is sitting by the bed. 他正坐在床边。
②以……方式: I go to school by bus. 我乘公共汽车去上学。
about ①表示大约时间: It’s about six o'clock now. 现在大约6点钟了。
②关于,对于: We are talking about the news. 我们正在谈论新闻。
(by用于某些固定搭配: one by one 一个接一个 by the way 顺便说一句)
for ①为,给,替:My mother buy a skirt for me.
like ①像……样: what’s your math teacher like?
②怎样: What's the weather like? 天气怎样。
of : ……的(用于所有格): He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。
with : ①和,写: I go to the park with my friends.
介词辨析
1. in the tree(外加在树上的事物) The bird is in the tree.
on the tree(树上自身具有的花、果、叶等) There are many apples on the tree.
2. on: 在…(表面)上——接触
over: 在…的正上方
eg. There is a bridge _____ the river. 3) There is a book ______ the desk
3. in front of :在…前面/方(范围外)= before
in / at the front of:在……前部(范围内)
1)There is a big tree in front of the classroom.
2) The board is in the front of the classroom.
3)A driver drives _________ of the bus.
小结
时间名词前介词用法口诀
年前周前要用in
具体日子却要禁
遇到几号要用on
上午下午又是in
要说某日上下午
用on换in记清楚
午夜黄昏用at
黎明用它也不错
at用在时分前
说“差”可要用上to
说"过''要用past
三、 介词的固定搭配
1)介词和名词的连用 2)动词和介词的连用
at arrive at/in 到达
at first 起初;开始 get off 下车
at last 最后 help sb. With sth. 帮组某人做某事
at school 在上课,在上学 ask for 请求
at the moment 此刻 get up 起床
at home 在家;无拘束 laugh at 嘲笑
at present 现在 learn from 向……学习
at work 上班,在工作 look after 照顾
at the same time 同时 look for 寻找
think for 想到
on worry about 担心
on duty 值日 listen to 听
on holiday 度假 look at 看;注视
on time 准时 talk about 交谈;谈
on the left/right 在左/右边 wait for 等候;等
on the radio 在广播中 thank for 为……而感谢
on foot 步行
on sale 出售;降价出售 3)形容词和介词连用
on TV 在电视上播放 be afraid of 害怕
on the phone 在电话中 be careful with 小心;关心
on the way 在路上 be interested in 对……感兴趣
be good at 善于
in be proud of 感到自豪
in all 总体 be crazy about 酷爱
in class 在课堂上 be late for 干某事迟到
in English 用英语 be good for 对……有利
in short 总之 4)其他
in a hurry 匆忙地 by+交通工具
in the end 最后 by bus/train/plane/air/ship/bike/sea/land…
in bed 躺在床上 lots of/a lot of 许多,大量
in danger 在危险中 at most 至多
in fact 事实上 at least 至少
in time 及时地 at once 立刻;马上
in a minute 立刻 in order to 为了
1.用介词或副词填空
①He is good ________ swimming.
②Tom gets ________ at seven every morning.
③ ________ Sunday morning, he played football with his friends.
④What’s wrong ________ you?
There is something wrong ________ my back.
⑤He often helps me ________ my English.
⑥It’s time ________ breakfast.
⑦Can you sing a song ________ English?
⑧He looks ________ his father.
⑨Please listen ________ me carefully.
⑩It’s too cold. Don’t take ________ your coat.
I go to school ________ foot every day.
He sits ________ Tom and Mary.
I work ________ Monday ________ Friday.
He is ill, so he is staying ________ bed.
Don’t be late ________ this meeting.
2.介词填空
① Tony is ________ Canada.
② What is the name ________ the factory?
③ Betty is English. What ________ you?
④ Who’s the woman ________ the black dress?
⑤ Where do you come ________?
⑥ She looks ________ her father.
⑦ Do the students stay ________ home ________ Saturday?
⑧ My mother cut the cake ________ a knife .
⑨ The meeting ended ________ 6 p.m.
⑩ We’ll play football ________ class.
答:无色无味,比空气重,不支持燃烧。 Go ________ this road, turn left ________ the first crossing.
21、血液中的细胞好像运输兵,负责运输吸入的氧气和产生的二氧化碳。 Can you tell me the way ________ the zoo?
—where are you from?
—I am ________ Beijing.
答:连接北斗七星勺形前端的两颗星,并将连线向勺口方延长约5倍远,处于此位置的那颗星就是北极星。 Let’s count the numbers ________ one ________ fifty.
—Where shall we meet?
1、月球是地球的卫星,月球围绕着地球运动,运动的方向是逆时针方向。 —We’ll meet ________ home.
1,We went to the country_________ a very cold morning.
A. at B. in C. on D. of
答:①我们每个人要做到不乱扔果皮,不随地吐痰,爱护花草树木,搞好环境卫生,保护好身边的环境。②力争做一个环保小卫士,向身边的人宣传和倡议环保。2,China lies_______ the east of Asia and_______ the north of Australia.
A. to; to B. in; to C. to; in D. in; on
3, I didn't go to the park with my classmates, because my mother asked
me to_______ my little sister at home.
7、对于生活中的一些废弃物,我们可以从垃圾中回收它们并重新加工利用。这样做不但能够减少垃圾的数量,而且能够节省大量的自然资源。A. look after B. look at C. look for D. look like
4, If you are able to get the tickets tomorrow, please tell me_____ phone.
A. at B. by C. on D. through
5, Lyon wanted to be a soldier and his dream came true_______ November
25th,2008.
7、对于生活中的一些废弃物,我们可以从垃圾中回收它们并重新加工利用。这样做不但能够减少垃圾的数量,而且能够节省大量的自然资源。A. in B. during C. on D. at
12、淡水在自来水厂中除了沉淀和过滤之外,还要加入药物进行灭菌处理,这样才能符合我们使用的标准。6,My father usually comes back from work_______ 6:30_______ the evening.
A. in; on B. in; at C. on; in D. at; in
7, This kind of machine was widely used_________ the 1960s.
10、由于煤、石油等化石燃料消耗的急剧增加,产生了大量的二氧化碳,使空气中的二氧化碳含量不断增加,导致全球气候变暖、土壤沙漠化、大陆和两极冰川融化,给全球环境造成了巨大的压力。A. in B. for C. at D. on
20、在水中生活着许我微生物,常见的有草履虫、变形虫、喇叭虫、眼虫、团藻等。8,I've never seen such a scary film________ my life
A. by B. at C. on D. in
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