高中英语常考高频派生词总结.docx

(一)后缀法1.变名词(1)-ence,-ance结尾的名词:存在existexistence 发生occuroccurrence查阅/参考referreference更喜欢/偏好preferpreference不同differdifference接受acceptacceptance出现appearappearance履行performperformance抵制resistresistance指导guideguidance进入enterentrance保险insureinsurance帮助assistassistance忍受endureendurance/toleratetolerance(2)-tion,-sion结尾的名词:生产produceproduction介绍introduceintroduction消费consumeconsumption减少reducereduction认为/假设assumeassumption/supposesupposition毁灭destroydestruction描写describedescription打断interruptinterruption采纳/收养adoptadoption防止preventprevention接收/接待处receivereception解决solvesolution进化evolveevolution建议suggestsuggestion编辑/版本editedition展览exhibitexhibition打算/意图intendintention认出recognizerecognition解释/定义definedefinition保护protectprotection方向/指导directdirection指令instructinstruction建设constructconstruction注射injectinjection感染infectinfection驳斥rejectrejection反对objectobjection/opposeopposition连接connectconnection收集collectcollection纠正correctcorrection视察inspectinspection挑选selectselection选举electelection限制restrictrestriction抵触/矛盾contradictcontradiction保留reservereservation保存preservepreservation保护conserveconservation观察observeobservation挨饿starvestarvation组织organizeorganization文明civilizecivilization认识realizerealization考试examineexamination决定determinedetermination形成formformation通知informinformation想象imagineimagination运输transporttransportation邀请inviteinvitation期待expectexpectation诱惑tempttemptation改编/适应adaptadaptation移民immigrateimmigration模仿imitateimitation准备preparepreparation探索exploreexploration考虑considerconsideration宣布declaredeclaration装饰decoratedecoration激发/灵感inspireinspiration放松/休闲relaxrelaxation交流communicatecommunication占用/职业occupyoccupation满足satisfysatisfaction申请/应用applyapplication暗示implyimplication推荐recommendrecommendation口译/理解interpretinterpretation结合combinecombination操作/手术operateoperation犹豫hesitatehesitation教育educateeducation定位locatelocation指出indicateindication参加participateparticipation计算calculatecalculation欣赏/感激appreciateappreciation联想/协会associateassociation分离separateseparation冬眠hibernatehibernation赔偿compensatecompensation调查investigateinvestigation庆祝celebratecelebration祝贺congratulatecongratulation翻译translatetranslation积累accumulateaccumulation加速accelerateacceleration捐赠donatedonation解放liberateliberation动力motivatemotivation革新innovateinnovation集中concentrateconcentration游行/示威demonstratedemonstration贡献contributecontribution分发distributedistribution促进promotepromotion致力devotedevotion/dedicatededication沮丧frustratefrustration/depressdepression印象impressimpression表达expressexpression拥有/财产possesspossession讨论discussdiscussion扩大expandexpansion延伸extendextension承认admitadmission允许permitpermission排放emitemission爆炸explodeexplosion结论concludeconclusion决定decidedecision划分dividedivision迷惑confuseconfusion(3)-ment结尾的名词:广告advertiseadvertisement同意agreeagreement惊奇amazeamazement吃惊astonishastonishment通告announceannouncement安排arrangearrangement评估assessassessment发展developdevelopment失望disappointdisappointment雇用/就业employemployment鼓舞encourageencouragement款待/娱乐entertainentertainment装备equipequipment统治/政府governgovernment改进improveimprovement投资investinvestment卷入involveinvolvement管理managemanagement惩罚punishpunishment要求requirerequirement退休retireretirement定居/定居处settlesettlement阐述/陈述statestatement对待/治疗treattreatment以为基础/地下室basebasement铺/人行道pavepavement完成/成就achieveachievement/accomplishaccomplishment(4)-ness结尾的名词:adj.n.意识awareawareness/consciousconsciousness苦bitterbitterness盲目blindblindness冷静calmcalmness聪明clevercleverness疯狂crazycraziness渴望eagereagerness公平fairfairness愚蠢foolishfoolishness适合fitfitness幸福/愉快happyhappiness疾病illillness友好kindkindness懒惰lazylaziness孤独lonelyloneliness宁静quietquietness悲伤sadsadness严重性seriousseriousness甜美sweetsweetness稳定steadysteadiness厚度thickthickness累tiredtiredness弱点weakweakness冷/冷淡coldcoldness惶恐不安nervousnervousness思乡homesickhomesickness粗心carelesscarelessness自私selfishselfishness无私selflessselflessness/unselfishunselfishness无助/无望helplesshelplessness/hopelesshopelessness(5)-age结尾的名词:婚姻marrymarriage短缺shortshortage储存storestorage包裹packpackage车厢carrycarriage通道passpassage(6)-th结尾的名词:温暖warmwarmth真理truetruth死亡deaddeath成长growgrowth(7)-ure结尾的名词:快乐pleasepleasure离开departdeparture暴露exposeexposure压力presspressure失败failfailure混合mixmixture签名signsignature(8)-ce结尾的名词:adj.n.缺席absentabsence 出席presentpresence信心confidentconfidence方便convenientconvenience不同differentdifference勤奋diligentdiligence远的/距离distantdistance明显的/证据evidentevidence优秀excellentexcellence重要importantimportance独立independentindependence天真/无辜innocentinnocence智力intelligentintelligence公正justjustice耐心patientpatience浪漫romanticromance沉默silentsilence暴力violentviolencev.n.冒犯offendoffence防御defenddefense(AmE)defence(BrE)建议adviseadvice设施devisedevice(9)-dom结尾的名词:自由freefreedom王国kingkingdom智慧wisewisdom(10)-hood结尾的名词:孩童时代childhood男孩时代boyhood邻里neighborhood(11)-ship结尾的名词:所有权ownership锦标赛championship友谊friendship手艺craftsmanship奖学金scholarship领导才能leadership艰难hardship关系relationship(12)-ing结尾的名词:农业farming变暖warming园艺gardening学业schooling绘画painting意思meaning绘画drawing训练training录音tape-recording衣物clothing感觉feeling十字路口crossing工资earnings问候greeting储蓄savings所发生的事情happenings发现findings财产belongings痛苦suffering贡品offering环境surroundings保龄球bowling举重weight-lifting射击shooting摔跤wrestling2.变形容词(1)-y结尾的形容词:n.adj.阳光灿烂的sunsunny 多雨的rainrainy被雪覆盖的snowsnowy有风的windwindy有暴风雨的stormstormy寒冷的chillchilly多雾的fogfoggy有霜的frostfrosty冰冷的iceicy阴沉的gloomgloomy布满星星的starstarry泥泞的mudmuddy布满灰尘的dustdusty脏的dirtdirty健康的healthhealthy富有的wealthwealthy霸道的bossbossy臭的smellsmelly美味的tastetasty咸的saltsalty皮包骨的skinskinny贪婪的greedgreedy迅速的speedspeedy狡猾的/棘手的tricktrickyv.adj.爱挑剔的choosechoosy/pickpicky黏的sticksticky悦耳易记的catchcatchy害怕的scarescary滑溜的slipslippery(2)-al,-ial结尾的形容词:n.adj.全球的globeglobal文化的culturecultural农业的agricultureagricultural情景的situationsituational有条件的conditionconditional环境的environmentenvironmental化学的chemistrychemical医学的medicinemedical原始的originoriginal政治的politicspolitical实际的practicepractical理论的theorytheoretical音乐的musicmusical感情的emotionemotional国家的nationnational自然的naturenatural个人的personpersonal偶尓的occasionoccasional精神上的mindmental身体上的physicsphysical偶然的accidentaccidental教育的educationeducational技术上的techniquetechnical心理上的psychologypsychological沿海的coastcoastal种族的raceracial面部的facefacial工业的industryindustrial金融的financefinancial商业的commercecommercial官方的officeofficial有益的benefitbeneficial典型的typetypical有影响的influenceinfluential(3)-ful,-less结尾的形容词:感激的thankthankful=grateful充足的plentyplentiful美丽的beautybeautiful成功的successsuccessful可怕的aweawful忠实的faithfaithful和平的peacepeaceful高兴的joyjoyful/cheercheerful=enjoyable非常干净的spotspotless无休止的endendless无家可归的homehomeless无工作的jobjobless=unemployed身无分文的pennypenniless无私的selfselfless=unselfish无目标的aimaimless无线的wirewireless无限的limitlimitless珍贵的/无价的pricepriceless=invaluable毫无价值的valuevalueless/worthworthless无语的speechspeechless上气不接下气的breathbreathless小心的,粗心的carecareful,careless多彩的,无色的colorcolorful,colorless有用的,无用的useuseful,useless成果丰硕的,无成效的fruitfruitful,fruitless强大的,无能力的powerpowerful,powerless有意义的,无意义的meaningmeaningful,meaningless=pointless=senseless痛苦的,不痛的painpainful,painless后悔的,无悔的regretregretful,regretless有害的,无害的harmharmful,harmless闲适宁静的,躁动不安的restrestful,restless优雅的,粗鲁的gracegraceful,graceless抱有希望的,无望的hopehopeful,hopeless有帮助的/愿意帮忙的,无助的helphelpful,helpless考虑周到的/不周到的thoughtthoughtful,thoughtless(4)-(i)ous结尾的形容词:n.adj.许多的numbernumerous多山的mountainmountainous冒险的adventureadventurous紧张的nervenervous有毒的poisonpoisonous危险的dangerdangerous灾难的disasterdisastrous小心的cautioncautious营养的nutritionnutritious宗教的religionreligious宽敞的spacespacious有抱负的ambitionambitious神秘的mysterymysterious(5)-able,-(s)ible结尾的形容词:(不)可预见的predict(un)predictable(不)可避免的avoid(un)avoidable(不)可忘的forget(un)forgettable(不)想要的desire(un)desirable(不)舒服的comfort(un)comfortable有(不)利的favor(un)favorable(不)合适的suit(un)suitable(不)可忍受的bear(un)bearable(不)可忍受的endure(un)endurable(不)可信的believe(un)believable(不)可信的credit(in)credible(不)可接近的access(in)accessible看(不)见的view(in)visible(不)可治愈的cure(in)curable支付得起的affordaffordable适应力强的adaptadaptable可更新的renewrenewable便携的portportable多变的changechangeable可吃的eateatable可依靠的relyreliable可行的workworkable有价值的valuevaluable合理的reasonreasonable高兴的enjoyenjoyable流行的fashionfashionable(6)-tive结尾的形容词:v.adj.多产的produceproductive迷人的attractattractive有创造力的createcreative保护的protectprotective预防性的preventpreventative健谈的talktalkative可供替代的alteralternative相关的relaterelative有教育意义的instructinstructive有竞争力的competecompetitiven.adj.有效的effecteffective贵的expenseexpensive(7)-tic,-fic结尾的形容词:系统的systemsystematic科学的sciencescientific戏剧般的dramadramatic浪漫的romanceromantic有同情心的sympathysympathetic精力充沛的energyenergetic(8)-en结尾的形容词:羊毛的woolwoolen金色的goldgolden木制的woodwooden(9)以-some结尾的形容词:英俊的handhandsome令人惊叹的aweawesome令人烦恼的troubletroublesome烦人的tiretiresome(10)-ly结尾的形容词:致命的deaddeadly活跃的livelively友好的friendfriendly兄弟般的brotherbrotherly有次序的orderorderly昂贵的costcostly每月的monthmonthly每天的daydaily3.变动词(1)-fy结尾的动词:净化purepurify 简化simplesimplify美化beautifulbeautify使合理化justjustify使恐惧terribleterrify使震惊horriblehorrify合格化qualityqualify分类classclassify(2)-ize结尾的动词:adj.v.认识到realrealize使现代化modernmodernize使工业化industrialindustrialize使普及popularpopularize集权centralcentralize使全球化globalglobalize使理想化idealidealize使稳定stablestabilize使正常化normalnormalize社会化socialsocialize使专门化specialspecializen.v.使物质化materialmaterialize总结summarysummarize记忆memorymemorize(3)-en结尾的动词:变暗darkdarken加快quickquicken削尖sharpsharpen削弱weakweaken松开looseloosen变紧tighttighten软化softsoften使更明亮brightbrighten恶化badworsen减少littlelessen减轻/变亮lightlighten变黑blackblacken加宽broadbroaden缩短shortshortenadj.n.v.加深deepdepthdeepen加长longlengthlengthen加宽widewidthwiden加高highheightheighten加强strongstrengthstrengthen(4)-e结尾的动词(注意发音变化):n.v.洗澡bathbathe呼吸breathbreathe给穿衣clothclothe(二)前缀法1.超过over-:无意中听到overhear超过overtake睡过头oversleep推翻overthrow/overturn人口过剩overpopulation克服overcome忽略/俯视overlook2.重新re-:康复/找回recover脱(衣服等)/移开remove续借/更换/续签renew回收利用recycle替代replace使恢复精力refresh改革reform复习review3.前的fore-:预告foretell前额forehead预报forecast预知foresee4.前的pre-:前提precondition预告predict战前的pre-war幼儿园preschool预演preview5.前的ex-:前妻ex-wife前总统ex-president6.后的post-:战后的post-war研究生postgraduate7.多的multi-:多媒体的multimedia多元文化的multicultural多项选择的multiple-choice8.远的tele-:电话telephone电视television电报telegram电信telecommunications望远镜telescope9.相互的inter-:面试interview国际的international互联网Internet相互作用interact10.微小的micro-:麦克风microphone微波microwave微软microsoft显微镜microscope11.自动的auto-:汽车automobile自传autobiography亲笔签名autograph自动地automatically12.副的vice-:副总统vice-president副总理vice-premier13.生态的eco-:生态学ecology生态系统ecosystem生态友好的eco-friendly14.中国的Sino-:中日的Sino-Japanese中石化Sinopec15.潜/次一级sub-:潜意识(的)subconscious亚热带的subtropical地铁subway潜水艇submarine郊区的suburban副标题subtitle16.半semi-:半熟练的semi-skilled半决赛semi-final17.三tri-:三轮车tricycle三角形triangle18.横跨trans-:转移transfer转变transform传播transmit移植transplant(三)否定的前缀或后缀1.in-,im-/il-,ir-不活跃的inactive不贵的inexpensive缺乏经验的inexperienced随便的informal不完整的incomplete不方便的inconvenient独立的independent间接的indirect不重要的insignificant无能力的incapable/incompetent不合适的improper/inappropriate不精确的inaccurate/incorrect/inexact不充足的inadequate/insufficient不成熟的immature不耐烦的impatient不完美的imperfect不可能的impossible不礼貌的impolite不合逻辑的illogical不合法的illegal不规则的irregular不负责的irresponsible2.un-不寻常的unusual不安的uneasy不公平的unfair/unjust不知道的unaware/unconscious不确定的uncertain不受欢迎的unpopular不普通的uncommon不愉快的unpleasant不重要的unimportant不必要的unnecessary不成功的unsuccessful没被注意的unnoticed不整洁的untidy不合理的unreasonable未完成的unfinished/undone脱衣undress打开unfold卸车unload开的锁unlock解冻unfreeze出土/挖掘unearth拧开unscrew解开undo/unpack揭露uncover3.dis-消失disappear不鼓励discourage揭露disclose发现discover不同意disagree不同意disapprove不服从disobey不诚实的dishonest不满意的dissatisfied可耻的disgraceful弱点disadvantage紊乱disorder4.mis-误导(v.)mislead误导的(adj.)misleading误解(v.)misunderstand滥用misuse误解(n.)misunderstanding拼错misspell不信任mistrust5.anti-防空的anti-aircraft防冻剂antifreeze抗日战争Anti-Japanese War反社会的antisocial6.de-降级degrade减少decrease贬值devalue解冻defrost毁林deforestation7.ill-虐待ill-treat信息不足的ill-informed不礼貌的ill-mannered不合时宜的ill-timed不合适的ill-fitting没教养的ill-bred考虑欠周的ill-considered时运不济的ill-fated非法得到的ill-gotten不健康ill health8.non-非营利的non-profit直达的non-stop不吸烟者non-smoker防滑的