人教版八年级英语上册笔记原创版.doc

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八年级英语上册笔记
always(总是), usually(通常), often(经常), sometimes(有时), hardly[ever](几乎不), never(从不)频率副词
①助动词、be动词、情态动词后，行为动词前
②hardly, never为否定副词，句中不需再加no或not
③提问常用how often
④均可用现在时、过去时，且always, never还用于将来时
The woman is very busy, so she seldom(难得，很少) watches TV.

Unit 1 How often do you exercise

hard ①困难的；硬的；勤奋的；严厉的；苛刻的(形容词) The ground is too hard to dig.
②努力地；猛烈地；剧烈地(副词) They tried hard to succeed.
hardly =almost not 几乎不，几乎没有 There’s hardly any coffee left.
=There’s almost no coffee left.

sometimes 有时(现在、过去) He was sometimes late for school.
sometime 某时(将来、过去) He came here sometime
some time 一段时间(各种时态) He will stay there for some time.
some times 几次，几倍 He came home some times.

ever ①曾经(完成时态) Have you ever been there?
②习惯动作或重复动作(疑问或否定句) Do you ever eat meat?◇You are hardly ever at home.
③比以往任何时候，曾经(比较时加强语气) He ran faster than ever.
④用于why,when等词后，表惊讶”究竟，到底” When ever did you leave?
for ever 永远◇hardly ever 几乎从来不，难得◇never ever 从不，永不

once a week 一周一次◇twice a week 一周两次◇three times a week一周三次[前面中间均不用介词]

once upon a time 从前◇at once 立刻，马上
on/at weekends 周末◇on the/this/that weekends (在双方都知道的特定周末)

go to the movies= see a moive =go to the cinema=watch a movie去看电影
go to the theater去看戏◇go to the concert去听音乐会
go to school/college上(大)学◇go to church做礼拜

look (有意识地看，强调动作)看(不及物,接宾语+at) Please look at my family photo.
see (着重看的结果)看见 see the doctor, see a film
watch (仔细、欣赏)观看,(仔细)查看 watch a play/match/show
read 看书，读报，读(钟表) read a book/newspaper/watch

exercise ①运动，锻炼(不及物动词) He exercises three times a week.
②运动，锻炼(不可数名词) You should take exercise(=do sports) if want to healthy.
③练习；操(可数名词) Students always have a lot of exercises to do.
do eye exercises做眼保健操◇do morning exercises作早操

surf 在…冲浪(及物动词)；冲浪(不及物动词) I like to surf the waves. ◇Look, the boy is surfing.
surf the internet =go online 上网◇go surfing去冲浪

how long多久/多长 (for/about +一段时间◇…meters long)
how often多久一次 (often, twice a week)
how soon 多快/过多久 (in+一段时间)
how far 多远 (ten minutes’ walk)
how many 多少 (数词+可数名词复数)
how much 多少(钱) (数词+量词+不可数名词/数词+钱)

go shopping去购物◇go skating去滑冰◇go fishing去钓鱼◇go boating去划船
go sightseeing去观光◇do some reading阅读◇do some washing洗涮◇do some cooking做饭
do some swimming游泳◇do some speaking说话◇do some listening多听

not 不 (副词，后接动词、形容词、副词)
no 不,没有(形容词，作定语，后接可数名词、不可数名词) (=not a/an/any) I have no friends ◇No one can do it.
不许，不可(省略句中) No smoking！禁止吸烟◇No photos !禁止拍照

Here are…倒装句式
①主语为代词，全句半倒装结构 Here you are给你◇Here he comes他来了
②主语为名词，全句全倒装结构 Here are your books.◇Here comes the bus.

result 结果，成绩(可数名词) get good results取得好成绩◇listen to the results听结果
the results of …结果

as for 至于，就…而言 As for English, I like it very much.
We all come, but as for him, he didn’t come.

about ①大约 She is about twenty years old.
②在…周围 I lost my pen about the classroom.
③关于，对于 They are talking about a TV play.
注意on“关于”，用于表示严肃或学术性场合，供专门研究用 a speech on Africa history

most ①多数的，大部分的 Most people think so.
②最大的，最多的 Who got the most help?
③大多数，大部分，大多数人(代词)
most of the +复数名词 Most of the students like travelling.
most of +物主代词+名词 He spends most of his time travelling.
most of +宾格代词 Most of us like travelling.
④非常，很(副词)=very It’s a most interesting book.

一般现在时
①经常发生频率副词always,usually,often,sometimes,every day, every week等
②客观真理
③心理状态和感觉动词无进行时be,love,like,hate,want,hope,need,prefer,wish,know,understand,
remember,feel,believe,guess,think,look,see,hear,find,have,sound,taste等

drink 喝(tea,water,milk,cola,beer,wine液体类)
eat 吃(fruit,vegetables,rice,fish,meet固体类) eat/have soup喝汤 take medicine喝药
have 吃，喝(三餐breakfast,lunch,supper,dinner)

want sth 想要什么
want to do sth想要做什么=feel like doing=would like to do sth
want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
注意want侧重主观，need侧重客观需要 sth want/need doing 主动表被动
The flowers want /need watering.=The flowers want/need to be watered.

be good for 对…有益
be good to 对…好
be good at 擅自…
be good with 和…相处得好

It is a good habit to do sth 做什么是一个好习惯
fall/get into the habit of 沾染…习惯
form the habit of 养成…习惯
out of habit出于习惯

health 健康(n) The old man is in good health. ◇keep in good health
healthy 健康的(adj) My grandma is very healthy. ◇keep healthy ◇stay healthy

pretty 很，相当(adv) The man is pretty old. ◇The book is pretty expensive.
pretty 漂亮的，秀丽的(adj) What a pretty girl!

eating habits饮食习惯◇sleeping pill安眠药◇drinking water饮用水

try (not) to do sth 努力(不)做某事 I try to answer the question.
try doing sth 尝试做某事 He tried swimming across the river.
try out 试验 Can I try out your new bicycle?
try on 试穿 The dress is very nice. Can I try it on?
try one’s best to do sth 尽最大努力去做某事 We should try our best to study English well.
have a try 尝试一下

help sb to do sth
help sb do sth
help sb with sth
with one’s help =with the help of
help oneself to 请随便吃些
can’t help doing sth 禁不住，情不自禁

look after照看
look at =have a look at
look over检查
look up (在字典中)查找
look forward to 期待，盼望
look around/about环顾

too 肯定句，句中前后用逗，句末前用逗号 He has a knife. I have a knife,too.
also 肯定句，实义动词前，系助动词后 Sandy was also at the party.
either 否定句，句末前用逗号 He won’t go, either.

Saying a thing is very different from doing it.
What’s the difference between the two words?

kind of 稍微，有点儿 I’m kind of tired我有点累
a kind of 一种
all kinds of 各种各样的
different/many kinds of 不同种/许多种类
It’s very kind of you to do that

maybe 大概，或许(副词)=perhaps Maybe you are right.
may be (情态动词+be) You may be right.

although虽然，尽管(从属连词)=though不能与but(并列连词)同时使用，但可与still,yet同时连用
Although he is old, he is still healthy.=He is old, but he is still healthy.
注意：because与so不能连用。Because A句，B句=A句，so B句

keep doing sth 持续做某事(不间断)
keep on doing sth反复做某事(短暂间断)
keep sb/sth +adj. 使某人保持某种状态
keep sb/sth from doing sth 阻止，保护…不受(from)
keep up with赶上◇keep a shop开商店◇keep in touch with与某保持联系◇keep an eye on照看

must 必须，应当(否定needn’t 或don’t have to不必) Must I stay here?—No.You needn’t/don’t have to.
mustn’t 禁止 You mustn’t drive so fast.不许开车开得这么快。
must 必定会,很可能 This dish must be delicious.这道菜肯定好吃

What’s wrong with you?
What’s the matter/trouble with you?
What’s your trouble?
What’s up?

Unit 2 What’s the matter?

give sb advice on sth给某人提有关某某建议
take one’s advice 听从某人的建议
advise sb (not) to do sth建议某人(不)做某事

have a backache背痛=have a sore back
My legs hurts.
My eyes ache.
I have a pain in the arm.

see the doctor ==go to the doctor’s

get back=be back=come back=return

believe sb 相信某人(的话)
believe in sb 信任某人

lie 躺；位于—lay—lain—lying
lie 说谎—lied—lied—lying

feel/be/get tired 感到疲劳
be/feel tired of对…感到厌倦
be/feel tired with 因…劳累

I think so.我认为是这样
I don’t think so.我认为不是这样
类似词：believe, suppose, hope, say等

wish sb to do sth
wish sb sth
wish to do
wish that从句 (不太可能实现的愿望)

hope so
hope to do sth
hope that从句(很可能实现的愿望)
hope for sth

problem难以解决难题或问题，与solve、settle搭配
question 要口头回答的问题，与ask、answer搭配
trouble 麻烦事，忧虑，与have、make搭配

for example 举例说明(只举一个) He bought a lot of school things, for example, notebooks.
such as 列举同类中的几个例子=like
He knows several languages, such as English, French and Russian.

It is +adj+ for +sb +to do sth 形容词表事情性质、特征：improtant,easy,difficult,hard,necessary等
It is +adj+ of +sb +to do sth 形容词表人的品质、特质：kind,wise,clever,good,right,foolish等

everybody/everyone 每个人 (谓语用单数，后不能接of) Everybody/everyone likes children.
every one 每个人，每件物 (后能接of) Every one of us loves the children.

get stressed out变得紧张，有压力的 under … stress 在压力之下

at the moment=now 目前 for the moment暂时 at that moment 在那时
at the last moment在最后关头 a moment ago刚才
just a moment稍等一下 for a moment 一会儿

keep balance 保持平衡
a blanced diet 饮食平衡
a balance of …的平衡

be sorry to do sth 对做…感到遗憾
be sorry for sb 对某人感到遗憾
be sorry about sth 对某事感到遗憾

be +V-ing 进行时表预计将来要做的事情，跟将来时间
He is leaving Beijing tomorrow. 他明天离开北京
summer vacation/holiday暑假 winter vacation/holiday 寒假
take a holiday/vacation 度假
for vacation 度假(表目的) on vacation 度假(表行为进行)
holiday 休息日，假日=vacation
festival (民俗、宗教或喜庆)日或(音乐、戏剧、电影等)会演节日，前常用冠词
a film festival the Spring Festival
day 传统节日或法定节日 Teachers’ Day

Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?

go camping 去野营◇go hiking去徒步远足◇go boating去划船
do some washing洗衣服◇do some cooking煮饭◇do some shopping买东西
do some cleaning大扫除◇do some listening/reading/writing/speaking多听/读/写/说

How/What about(prep) +sb/sth/doing sth?怎么样；对于…怎么样
How/What about you,Tony?
How/What about your exam last week,Kate?
How/What about sitting in the garden?

How long 多长时间 持续性谓语动词live, stay, study,work,play,等；for +一段时间
How long 多长 How long is the river?

live 长时间居住
stay 短暂停留 He lives in Wuhan but now he stays in Beijing.

go away离开=be away=get away
take away拿走
run away跑开

have a good/rice/great/wonderful time = have fun= enjoy oneself玩得高兴
have a good time/have fun (in) doing sth=enjoy doing sth 很高兴做某事

send,give,show,bring,teach,tell + sb + sth= V + sth to sb
buy,sing,make,cook,get + sb for sb
My father bought a computer for me.
Please send it to him.

make a plan 制订计划
work out a plan拟订计划
plan to do sth打算做某事
plan for为作计划
plan on (doing) sth指望，打算

send sth 发送某物
send sb sth=send sth to sb把某物寄给某人
send sb to do sth 派某人做某事
send back送回，退回
send for sb派人去请某人
send up发射，使价格上升

年月周前要用in,星期几号则用on；泛指上午下午需用in,具体日子则用on；午夜黄昏黎明用at

be famous for +著名的原因(特产) China is very famous for the Great Wall.
Yao Ming is famous for playing basketball.
be famous as 以(身份、职业、产地、地方)而著名 Yao Ming is famous as a basketball player.

decide sth
decide to do sth
decide on doing sth 决定做某事
decide that从句

think about 从各方面思考
think of 想起，考虑
think over 仔细考虑
think out 想出

spend +时间/金钱+(in) doing sth 花费时间/金钱做某事
spend +时间/金钱+on sth

leave sth 地方 遗忘某物在某地
forget sth忘带东西

forget to do sth忘记要做某事 Don’t forget to turn off the light when you leave.
forget doing sth忘记做了某事 He forgot going to Shanghai with his parents when he was five.
forget oneself忘我，奋不顾身
Forget it 别提它了，别在意
forgetful 健忘的

rent sth from sb 从某人处租用某物
rent sth to sb把某物租给某人

V + V-ing作宾语
finish doing sth 完成做某事 practise doing with 练习做某事 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事
mind doing sth介意做某事 keep doing sth保持做某事

ask sb sth 问某人某事
ask sb (not) to do sth 问某人某事
ask for sth请求某事；要某物
ask sb for sth向某人要某物

Unit 4 How do you get to school?

get to get
arrive in Wuhan(名词) arrive home,here,there(地点副词)
reach reach

take the bus=by bus by sea=by ship乘船
take a taxi 乘出租车 by rail=by train乘火车
take the subway乘地铁 on foot步行
take the plane=by plane=by air乘飞机
go to school on a/the bus(大型交通工具)
go to school in a/the car(小型交通工具)

sb spend + 时间/金钱 + on sth/(in) doing sth I spent 3 hours on my homework yesterday.
It takes sb + 时间 + to do sth It took me four hours to go to Wuhan by bus.
sb pay + 金钱 + for sth I paid five yuan for my English book.
sth cost sb + 金钱 My English book cost me five yuan.

stop (市区沿途停靠的)小站
station (停、转车辆的)车站；局，所
stop to do sth 停下来去做某事
stop doing sth 停止正在做的某事

from morning to evening从早到晚
from door to door挨家挨户
from beginning to end自始至终
from time to time 时不时

have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner
have a quick/light/delicious breakfast 吃了一顿快速/简便/丰盛的早餐

quick 动作突然迅速、敏捷，强调动作、反应快 a quick worker◇a quick mind◇a quick answer
fast 速度快 a fast sleep很快入睡 a fast train/plance快速火车/飞机
soon 不久，强调时间短，用于将来时

ride 乘车 ride a horse骑马 ride a bicycle骑自行车 ride a motorcycle
drive 驾驶车辆 drive a car 开车 drive sheep赶羊

part of 部分
a large part of 大部分

depend on/upon 取决于；依靠…而定 It depends on the weather. be ill in hospital生病住院

a small number of 少量的
a number of 许多的
a large/geat number of 大量的

be different from 与不同 Bananas are different from oranges.
find/know the difference 找到不同点
make a/the difference 有影响；起重要作用
make no difference 无关紧要

Not all/everyone/both =…all/everyone/both/always … not (部分否定)并不是所有
Not all the answers are right=All the answers aren’t right.

speak to/with sb 对/同某人说话(能力) speak Chinese讲中文
say to sb sth (强调说话内容)
talk to/with sb (强调动作) talk about sb/sth 谈论某人/某事
tell sb sth (双宾) tell a story/lie 讲故事 tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事 tell A from B 区分

Unit 5 Can you come to my party?

Yes,I’d love to./I’d like to. 接受邀请肯定回答
Yes,It’s very nice/kind of you.
That sounds great.
That sounds like fun
I’m happy/glad to…

Would you like to…向别人发出邀请、征求意见
What/How about…
Shall I(we) …
May I invite you to…

I’d love/like to, but… 否定婉拒回答
Maybe some other/another time.
I’m sorry I can’t. I have to…
I’m afraid I can’t
I’m afraid not.

sure当然可以=certainly=yes (口语肯定回答) May I use you pen?--Sure.
be sure to do 务必，千万 (祈使句) Be sure to give it back in time.
sb be sure to do 某人一定会做 He’s sure to come.
sb be sure of/about 一定，肯定 He is sure of success=He is sure that he will succeed.
sb be sure that从句 肯定，有把握 I’m sure who he is.

expect,hope,wish,prefer,want,try等词后动词不定式省略时不能省略to
I haven’t been to Hong Kong, but I wish to (go there).

have to (客观上)不得不(否定don’t have to) It’s raining. I have to stay at home.
must (主观意愿)不得不(否定don’t have to,needn’t) You must do your homework first. [must not禁止]

have/take a piano class 上一节钢琴课 have history lessons上历史课
teach/give sb a lesson 给某人一个教训
learn one’s lesson吸取教训

thanks for 因而感谢 Thanks for helping me
thanks to 多亏；由于(=because of ) Thanks to your help, we finished it.

babysit his sister 临时照看他妹妹

invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
invite