初中英语阅读理解(讲义及答案)及解析.doc

初中英语阅读理解(讲义及答案)及解析

一、中考英语阅读理解汇编
1．阅读材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
    Many people might think that if they had more money, then they would be happier in life. For example, people might look at what others have, like expensive clothes or nice cars, and wish they could have the same. But the things that money can buy can not bring happiness to a person for long.
     ① But is that really true? Studies have found that money can, in fact, make people happier.  ② Instead, it's giving money to others that makes people happy.  ③ It could be buying a present for a friend or a family member.  ④ It could be buying a homeless person food to eat. It could be giving money to a person in need. Just think about the last time you used your own money to do something for someone else. How did you feel? Whether it is a small or large amount of money, people feel happier when they give. This is because making someone else happy makes the giver happy, too.
    This idea of connecting your happiness to the happiness of others is described as ubuntu in an African language. There is even a story about a man visiting Africa who asked some kids to race to a nearby tree. The first child to touch the tree would get a sweet treat. Surprisingly, all the children held hands and ran together. They all touched the tree at the same time. The man asked why they had done this. The children simply said they could only enjoy eating the treat if everyone had one.
（1）The writer says that buying things ________.
A. can make people worried                                B. can make people nervous
C. may lead to sadness for long                          D. may lead to happiness for a short time
（2）Where can we best put "But it's not having money that brings happiness." in Paragraph 2?
A. ①                                         B. ②                                         C. ③                                         D. ④
（3）Why does the writer quote （引用） a story in Paragraph 3?
A. To explain Africans like sweets.                       B. To show examples are not enough.
C. To make the writer's opinion clearer.              D. To express happiness is from children.
（4）What does the writer try to tell us?
A. Buying new things can make people happy.
B. The key to happiness is making others happy.
C. If you want to be happy, you can visit Africa.
D. People who have a lot of money might not be happy.
【答案】 （1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】文章大意：金钱的作用，以及怎样更好地充分发挥金钱的作用。
（1）细节理解题。根据文中的语句But the things that money can buy can not bring happiness to a person for long.理解可知，钱所能买到的东西不能给一个人带来长久的幸福。故选D。
（2）根据文中的语句Instead, it's giving money to others that makes people happy. 相反，把钱送给别人能让人开心。推断可知，有钱不一定给你带来开心，故选B。
（3）理解归纳题。通读第三段内容可知，作者引用例子的主要目的就是自己的幸福与他人的幸福是息息相关的，故选C。
（4）主旨归纳题。通读全文理解可知，自己的幸福与他人的幸福是息息相关的，要想自己开心，也要别人开心，故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文考查细节题和主旨题等常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出主题句。

2．阅读理解
    A man once visited a temple that was still being built. He saw a sculptor making a sculpture（雕塑）.As he watched the man work on the sculpture, he noticed that there was a similar sculpture lying nearby.
    He felt very strange and asked the sculptor, "Why are you making two same sculptures? Do you need two to put in different places?"
    "No, "the man said without looking up, "We need only one, but the first one became damaged before I could finish it, so I'm making a new one."
    The visitor picked up the damaged sculpture and examined it. But he couldn't find anything wrong with it.
    "Where is the damage?" he asked.
    "There is a scratch（擦痕）on the sculpture's nose." the sculptor said while continuing his work.
    The man then asked, "Where are you going to place the sculpture?"
    The sculptor replied that it would be placed on a 20﹣foot﹣high platform（平台）."If the sculpture is up that high, who is going to notice that there is a scratch on the nose?" the man asked.
    The sculptor stopped his work, looked up at the man and said, "I will know it".
    The sculptor chose to stick to a high standard of excellence in his work. Even if other people didn't notice it, it mattered to him that his work should be of the best quality. This is an attitude we should all work hard to keep.
（1）Why did the visitor feel strange at first?
A. Because he could take one of the sculptures.
B. Because the sculptor was making two same sculptures.
C. Because he thought the sculptor needed two sculptures.
（2）The underlined word "damaged" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to"       ".
A. broken                      B. fallen 倒下的                      C. beaten 被打败的；被打了的
（3）What was wrong with the first sculpture's nose?
A. It was too big.        B. There was a scratch on it.        C. There was nothing wrong with it.
（4）Where would the sculpture be placed?
A. Outside the temple.       B. At the sculptor's home.       C. On a 20﹣foot﹣high platform.
（5）From the story, we know that       .
A. the sculptor was very serious about his work
B. the sculptor always made two sculptures
C. the sculptor didn't mind the damage
【答案】 （1）B
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
（5）A
【解析】【分析】主要讲了一个态度严谨的雕塑者因为雕塑鼻子上有划痕，所以再次雕塑了一个一模一样的，尽管他人看不出瑕疵。
（1）细节理解题。根据第二段He felt very strange and asked the sculptor，Why are you making two same sculptures他觉得很奇怪，于是问雕塑家，你为什么要做两件相同的雕塑？可知因为雕塑家做了2个一样的雕塑，故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第六段There is a scratch on the sculpture's nose."the sculptor said while continuing his work"在雕塑的鼻子上有划痕。 "雕塑家在继续工作时说道，可知此处是讲第一个在我完成之前就损坏了，damage意思是破坏、损坏，与broken意思相近，故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据There is a scratch on the sculpture's nose."the sculptor said while continuing his work"在雕塑的鼻子上有划痕。 "雕塑家在继续工作时说道，可知是鼻子上有划痕，故选B。
（4）内容理解题。根据The sculptor replied that it would be placed on a 20﹣foot﹣high platform，可知雕塑将被放置在一个20英尺高的平台上，故选C。
（5）细节理解题。根据The sculptor chose to stick to a high standard of excellence in his work.Even if other people didn't notice it，it mattered to him that his work should be of the best quality雕塑家选择在工作中坚持高标准，即使其他人没有注意到这一点，对他来说，他的工作质量最好也很重要，可知雕塑家认真地做好自己的本职工作，故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。

3．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的（A、B、C和D）四个选项中选出最佳选项。
    When a man was walking by some elephants, he suddenly stopped He wondered why these huge animals were being held only by a small rope tied to their front legs. No chains, no cages. It was clear that the elephants could break the rope at any time, but for sonic reason, they did not.
    He saw a trainer nearby and asked why the animals just stood there and didn't try to get away. "Well," the trainer said, "when they were very young and much smaller, we used the same rope to keep them from running away. At that age, it's enough to hold them. As they grow up, they are conditioned to believe they cannot break tile rope. They believe it can still hold them, so they never try to break free."
    The man was surprised. These animals could break flee whenever they wanted, but because they believed they couldn't, they were stuck right where they were.
    How many of us go through life like the elephants-holding onto the belief that we cannot do something simply because we failed at it once before?
    Failure is a part of learning. If we failed once, it doesn't mean we can never succeed. If we try again and again, maybe we will succeed one day. So don't be afraid of failure and keep on trying.
（1）Why did the elephants never try to break the rope after they grew up?
A. Because they liked being tied.                       B. Because they were too weak to break it.
C. Because they didn't want to break it.            D. Because they thought they couldn't break it.
（2）The underlined word "stuck" in Paragraph 3 means"         ".
A. left                                  B. caught                                  C. killed                                  D. found
（3）What does the writer want to tell us?
A. Elephants should be set flee.
B. Failure can help us succeed.
C. Never let failure stop you from trying again.
D. People should look after the elephants well.
【答案】 （1）D
（2）B
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文 主要介绍了一个男人看到大象被绳子绑住了一只脚而不逃走，由此引发对人生的思考。
（1）细节题。根据原文提到了 As they grow up, they are conditioned to believe they cannot break tile rope. They believe it can still hold them, so they never try to break free. 可知大象小时候被绑住，长大了以后依然认为绳子可以拴住他们，故选D。
（2）推断题。根据原文提到了  because they believed they couldn't, 可知他们认为自己已经被这根绳子困住了，故选B。
（3）主旨大意题。根据原文提到了  If we failed once, it doesn't mean we can never succeed. If we try again and again, maybe we will succeed one day. 可知作者想告诉我们永远不要被困难打倒，坚强起来，故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

4．根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
    Do you often run outdoors to keep healthy? Have you ever thought about how running helps to clean up the earth? Sometimes a creative mind can bring us a win-win（双赢）situation.
    Plogging, a new way to exercise, began in Sweden（瑞典）.The name "plogging" comes from two words the Swedish（瑞典的）word "plocka", which means" to pick up（捡起）", and the word" jogging", which means "to run slowly". A Swedish man called Erik started the movement. He saw rubbish here and there when riding to work each day. He became worried about the dirty environment and decided not to go to work by bike any more. Instead, he began to run to work and pick up the rubbish at the same time. To his joy, more and more people followed him and soon plogging became popular.
    Many people choose plogging instead of just jogging because they think plogging is a good way to help clean up the earth. Sometimes rubbish is difficult to collect because it may scatter all around. But if the runners pick up the rubbish on the way, it is quite different. After all, many hands make light work. Another reason is that plogging burns more calories（卡路里）.According to a research, plogging for 10 minutes burns 48 calories, while usual jogging for 10 minutes burns about 39 calories.
    Everyone on the earth should play a part in cleaning it up! It's time for us to take action together. So ready? Let's plog tomorrow!
（1）The underlined（划线的）word "scatter" in the passage means"     "in Chinese.
A. 爆炸                                         B. 集中                                         C. 散落
（2）After Erik saw much rubbish,        .
A. he became worried
B. he kept riding to work every day
C. he didn't care and did nothing about it
（3）People choose plogging because        .
A. there are too many bikes in the city
B. riding bikes is harmful to their health
C. it can help clean up the earth and burn more calories
（4）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Plogging started in Sweden.
B. Plogging for 10 minutes burns about 84 calories.
C. The name "plogging" comes from two English words.
（5）What's the best title for the passage?
A. A Bad Habit—Littering
B. The Best Sport—Jogging
C. A New Way to Exercise—Plogging
【答案】 （1）C
（2）A
（3）C
（4）A
（5）C
【解析】【分析】主要讲了瑞典的慢跑捡垃圾运动及这种运动的好处。
（1）细节题。根据前句Sometimes rubbish is difficult to collect有时捡垃圾是困难的，原因是垃圾是散落的，故选C。
（2）细节题。根据He became worried about the dirty environment可知Eric是担心的，故选A。
（3）细节题。根据Many people choose plogging instead of just jogging because they think plogging is a good way to help clean up the earth.Another reason is that plogging burns more calories（卡路里）.可知慢跑捡垃圾可以帮助打扫地球、燃烧更多的卡路里，故选C。
（4）细节题。根据Plogging, a new way to exercise, began in Sweden（瑞典）.可知慢跑捡垃圾在瑞典开始，故选A。
（5）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了瑞典的慢跑捡垃圾运动及这种运动的好处。故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和主旨题常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

5．阅读理解
    For thousands of years, humans have explored（探索）the Earth. Nowadays, we are exploring space. Astronomers （天文学家） are the modern﹣day explorers, Now, many astronomers are looking for new planets and new places for humans to live in the future. But where do astronomers start looking？
    First of all, astronomers look for a star. That's because our own Earth moves around a star （the Sun）. More importantly, it is the correct distance（ 距离） from the Sun for heat and light. So when astronomers have found the star, they look at the planets around it. In recent years, astronomers have found nearly 400 new planets with stars. However, many of these planets are either too near to the star or too far away.
    However, if the planet is in a good position, astronomers look for three key things: water, air and rock. Water is important because all life needs water. Humans can drink it and they can also grow plants with water. And plants produce air for humans to breathe and food to eat. Rock on a planet is also important. That's because there is often water under the rock.
    After many years of scrutinizing, astronomers have found a planet that is similar to the Earth. It's Gliese 581g and it's near a star. The astronomers think it has water and rock and the average（平均的） temperature is between -31℃ and -12℃.That's cold, but not colder than Antarctica or the Arctic Circle, for example. Gliese 581g is bigger than the Earth. A year on Gliese 581g is only 37 Earth days instead of 365. But astronomers do not think these are big differences and some of them think Gliese 581g will be a new Earth. However, Gliese 58Ig is twenty light years from the Earth.
（1）What do astronomers have to find first before starting to look for a new place for humans to live？
A. new star.                     B. A new planet.                     C. Some heat.                     D. Some light.
（2）What does the rock on a planet tell us？
A. The star is in a right position.
B. We may discover water under it.
C. The planet is too near to the Sun.
D. There can be air around the rock.
（3）What does the underlined word "scrutinizing" mean in the last paragraph？
A. discussing.                          B. waiting.                          C. looking.                          D. traveling.
（4）What's the main idea of the text？
A. Gliese 581g is already a new Earth.
B. There are planets similar to our Earth.
C. Water, air and rock are important.
D. Astronomers are looking for a new Earth.
【答案】 （1）A
（2）B
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】【分析】大意：本文讲述了天文学家寻找新的和地球一样的星球。
（1）细节理解题。根据First of all，astronomers look for a star.可知，首先，天文学家找一颗行星，故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据Rock on a planet is also important.That's because there is often water under the rock.可知，星球上的岩石告诉我们在它下面可能有水，故选B。
（3）词义猜测题。根据上文Now，many astronomers are looking for new planets and new places for humans to live in the future.可知，现在，许多天文学家正在寻找新的星球和新的地方以供人类未来生活，判断本句句意为经过多年的观察（寻找），天文学家找到了一个与地球类似的星球，推出scrutinizing的意思为寻找，故选C。
（4）主旨大意题。 根据Now，many astronomers are looking for new planets and new places for humans to live in the future.  But where do astronomers start looking？现在，许多天文学家正在寻找新的星球和新的地方以供人类未来生活，但是从哪儿开始找呢？本文主要介绍了天文学家寻找新的星球供人类未来生活，即天文学家在寻找新的地球， 故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解能力，细节题和主旨题是