高考定语从句复习公开课一等奖优质课大赛微课获奖课件.pptx

第1页第1页（一）定义及相关术语（一）定义及相关术语1.定语从句：定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句。定语从句普通紧跟在它所修饰句。定语从句普通紧跟在它所修饰先行词之后。先行词之后。第2页第2页2.先行词：先行词：被定语从句修饰词叫先行词。被定语从句修饰词叫先行词。3.关系词：关系词：引导定语从句词叫关系词。引导定语从句词叫关系词。第3页第3页定语从句定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，它作用相称于个名词或代词，它作用相称于一个形容词一个形容词,因此也叫形容词性因此也叫形容词性从句从句.被修饰名词被修饰名词,词组或代词词组或代词即即先行词先行词。定语从句通常出现定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词在先行词之后，由关系词（关关系代词系代词或或关系副词关系副词）引出。引出。第4页第4页For example:This is a book which tells about space rocket technology.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词定语从句定语从句第5页第5页关系词相关系代词和关系副词关系词相关系代词和关系副词关系代词有关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose,as等等关系副词有关系副词有:when,where,why第6页第6页关系词通常有下列三个作用：关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句引导定语从句；B.代替先行词代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成份。在定语从句中担当一个成份。The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.第7页第7页（二）关系代词引导定语从句（二）关系代词引导定语从句1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.第8页第8页Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.That is the teacher who teaches us physics.第9页第9页2.whom 指人，在定语从句中指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。做宾语，常可省略。Mr Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on thebus.Li Ming is just the boy(whom)I want to see.第10页第10页The professor(whom)you are waiting for has come.The girl(whom)the teacher often praises is our monitor.第11页第11页注意：注意：关系代词关系代词 whom 在口语在口语或非正式文体中常可用或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略。来代替，也可省略。The man(whom/who)you met just now is my oldfriend.第12页第12页3.which 指物，在定语从句中指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys.The factory which makes computers is far away from here.第13页第13页He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.The house which is by the lake looks nice.This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.The film(which)they went to see last night was not interesting at all.第14页第14页4that 指人时，相称于指人时，相称于 who 或或 whom；指物时，相称于指物时，相称于which。在定语从句中作主语。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that/who come to visit this city eachyear reaches one million.第15页第15页Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?The person that/whom you introduced to me is very kind.The season that/which comes after spring is summer.第16页第16页Yesterday I received a letter that/which came fromAustralia.第17页第17页5.whose 通常指人，也可指物，通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over thecountry.He has a friend whose father is a doctor.第18页第18页I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.注意注意：指物时，惯用下列结构指物时，惯用下列结构来代替：来代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.第19页第19页Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?第20页第20页（三）（三）“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引引导定语从句导定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句经常由宾语时，从句经常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引出。引出。The school(which/that)he once studied in is very famous.第21页第21页The school in which he once studied is very famous.This is the boy(whom/who/that)I played tennis withyesterday.This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.第22页第22页Well go to hear the famous singer(whom/who/that)we have often talked about.Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.第23页第23页The manager whose company I work in pays much attention toimproving our working conditions.The manager in whose company I work pays much attention toimproving our working conditions.第24页第24页注意注意：1.含有介词短语动词普通不拆含有介词短语动词普通不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词后面。开，介词仍放在短语动词后面。如：如：look for,look after,take care of 等。等。This is the watch(which/that)I am looking for.第25页第25页The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.The babies(whom/who/that)the nurse is looking after arevery healthy.第26页第26页.若介词放在关系代词前，关若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用系代词指人时只可用whom，不不可用可用who,that；关系代词指物关系代词指物时只可用时只可用which，不可用不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用关系代词是所有格时用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.第27页第27页The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour.The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.第28页第28页.“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”前还可前还可有有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词等代词或者数词。He loves his parents deeply,both of whom are very kind tohim.第29页第29页In the basket there are quite many apples,some of which have gone bad.There are forty students in our class in all,most of whom arefrom big cities.第30页第30页Up to now,he has written ten stories,three of which areabout country life.第31页第31页归纳：归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。which,指物，作主语或宾语。指物，作主语或宾语。who,whom指人指人,who作主语作主语,whom作宾语。作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。1)A plane is a machine _ can fly.2)The car _ my uncle bought last week was stolen.3)The students _ dont study hardwill not pass the exam.4)The woman _ you saw inthe park is our English teacher.5)He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school.which/thatwhich/that/who/thatwhom/that/that第32页第32页1.That book that you want it is on the desk.2.Is this factory that we visited last week?the oneThis factory is the one that we visited last week?3.He is the person for whom you are looking.for4.The person to whom you talked is Lily.The person whom you talked to is Lily.归纳：1定语从句要避免成份重复 2定语从句要避免漏用先行词 3含有介词短语动词普通不拆开第33页第33页Join two sentences into one:The boy is my brother.He helped me.1.The boy who helped me is my brother.The film is interesting.They saw it last night.2.The film they saw last night is interesting.The students will not pass the exam.They dont work hard.3.The students who dont work hard will not pass the exam.第34页第34页Fill in the gaps:1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle_ were in the fields.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.4.This is the second novel _ I have ever read.5.There is nothing in the world _ can frightenme.6.Who is the man _ is reading under the tree?7.My hometown is not the same one _ it usedto be twenty years ago.thatthatthat/that/thatthatthat第35页第35页下列情况只能用下列情况只能用that1 先行词既有指人又有指物先行词既有指人又有指物2 当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时，有当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时，有theonly,the very 等修饰时等修饰时3 先行词是先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing等不定代词等不定代词4 主句是以主句是以who/which开头特殊疑问句时开头特殊疑问句时5当先行词在定语从句中作表语时当先行词在定语从句中作表语时第36页第36页Corrections:1.The man just said hello to me is my chemistry teacher.who2.Who is the comrade you just shook hands with him.3.Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.(where which)4.This is the best dictionary which I have ever used.(which that)5.The house where we live in is not very large.(where which/that)6.The house that it was built in 1970 stayed up inthe earthquake.第37页第37页“介词关系代词介词关系代词”即即“介词介词whom/which”引引导定语从句应注意：导定语从句应注意：1介词选取至少要考虑下列两个原因介词选取至少要考虑下列两个原因A.与先行词搭配关系与先行词搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2)I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3)I will never forget the year _ my sonwent to college.4)I got home at 7:00 p.m.yesterday,_ most people had had supper.on whichduring whichin whichby which第38页第38页B.与谓语动词搭配习惯与谓语动词搭配习惯1）Have you found the book _ I paid29 US dollars?2)Have you found the book _ I spent29 US dollars?3)Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot?4)Have you found the book _ she often talks?for whichon whichfrom whichabout which第39页第39页2.“介词介词whom/which”与与“whom/which/that/介词介词”转换。转换。1）The chair on which she is sitting is made of wood.The chair(which/that)she is sitting on is madeof wood.2)Is this the book which you are looking for?介词介词for不能与不能与 look分开。分开。3.way作先行词作先行词1)The way(in which/that)he looks at the problems is wrong.第40页第40页4.表所有关系及整体中一部分或所有时，用介词of,有时可用whose转换。1)There are 100 teachers in our school,_60 are women teachers.2)He has three children,two _ work asteachers.3)That table has four legs,all _ arevery short.4)Im painting a house,the roof _ isround.Im painting a house whose roof is.5)They live in a house,_ windows facesouth.They live in a house,the windows_ face south.of whomof whomof whichof whichwhoseof which第41页第41页用介词关系代词填空用介词关系代词填空1 The boy was staying in the room _window he could climb down.2.Hes the man _ I learnt the news.3.Whos the comrade _ you just shookhands.4.There are 52 students in our class,_nearly 40 are League members.5.I know a lady the husband _ is a Nobel Prize winner.6.Do you know the driver who caused the traffic accident _ a man was killed.7.This is the way _ she studies English.through whosefrom whomwith whomof whomof whomin whichin which第42页第42页 8.The 5 yuan_ he bought the book was given by his friend.9.The story about Shakespeare,_ this is one example,is well written.10.The old man always wears his glasses _ _ he cant see anything.11.The key_ she was opening the door broke.12.The library _ we often go on Sundays is not far from our school.13.No one know the reason _ she is leaving so early.14.At last they came to a river _ a new bridge is being built.for whichof whichwithoutwhichwith whichto whichfor whichover which第43页第43页关系代词引导定语从句：Complete the following sentences:1.Is this the school _ you visited last year?Is this school _ _ you visited last year?2.He is one of the students who _ good at maths.He is the only one of the students who _ goodat maths.3.The girl _ I think was honest lied to me.The girl _ I think to be honest lied to me.4.China is no longer _ she was 10 years ago.China is no longer the country _ she was 10years ago.(that/which)the oneareiswhowhomwhatthat第44页第44页5.The radio I bought yesterday is quite different from_ _ you bought last month.The radio I bought yesterday is quite different from_ you bought last month.6.Do you still remember the hotel _ _ welived last summer holiday?Do you still remember the park _we visited last summer holiday?7.This is the room _ my grandmother used to lived in.This is the room _ _ my grandmother used to lived.the onewhatin which(that/which)(which/that)in which第45页第45页8.He has two sons,and both of _ work as actors.He has two sons,both of _ work as actors.9.China has hundreds of islands,_ _ Taiwanis the largest.China has hundreds of islands,the largest_ is Taiwan.10.This is the house _ _ the window wasbroken yesterday.This is the house _ window was broken yesterday.11.He is the teacher _ _ help we havemade great progress.themwhomof whichofwhichof whichwhosewith whose第46页第46页（四）关系副词引导定语从句（四）关系副词引导定语从句1.when 指时间，在定语从句中指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。作时间状语。I still remember the day when I first came to this school.The time when we got together finally arrived.第47页第47页October 1,1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.第48页第48页2.where 指地点，在定语从句指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。中作地点状语。Shanghai is the city where I was born.I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised.The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.第49页第49页Is this the place where they fought the enemy?3.why 指原因，在定语从句中指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。作原因状语。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.第50页第50页I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：注意：关系副词引导定语从句关系副词引导定语从句经常能够用经常能够用“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导定语从句来表示。引导定语从句来表示。From the years when/in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.第51页第51页Fill in the blanks.1.I still remember the day _ we spent inthe forest.2.I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing.3.The factory _ we will visit is large.4.The factory _ his father works is large.5.Ill never forget the time _ we work on the farm.6.This is the house _ we lived last year.that/whichwhen/on whichthat/whichwherewhen/at whichwhere/in which归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若作从句中宾语，只能用关系代词that,which.第52页第52页（五）限制性定语从句和非限（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句制性定语从句A.限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺乏定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表示不完整。第53页第53页B.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词补充阐明，如删除，主句仍能表示完整意思。译法上译成先行词定语“”通常译成主句并列句。第54页第54页关系词使用上A作宾语时可省略B不可省略A可用that B不用thatA可用who 代替 whom B不可用who 代替 whom第55页第55页Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live.The reason why/for which he refused the invitation isquite clear.第56页第56页The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I coulddepend on.China is a country which has a long history.In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.限制性定语从句举例：第57页第57页非限制性定语从句举例非限制性定语从句举例：His mother,who loves him very much,is strict with him.China,which was founded in 1949,is becoming more and more powerful.第58页第58页Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall,in which many important meetings are held every year.第59页第59页注意区分以下几组句子不同含义：1.Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her togo to college.她那当兵哥哥总是勉励她上大学.（意含：她尚有其它哥哥。）第60页第60页Her brother,who is now a soldier,always encourages herto go to college.她哥哥是当兵，他总是勉励她上大学。（意含：她只有一个哥哥。）第61页第61页2.All the books that have pictures in them are well written.所有里面带插图书都写得较好。（意含：不带插图书则不一定写得好。）第62页第62页All the books,which have pictures in them,are well written.所有书都带插图，这些书都写得较好。（意含：没有不带插图书。）第63页第63页（一）限制性定语从句中只能（一）限制性定语从句中只能用用that 引导定语从句情况引导定语从句情况1.当先行词是当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something 除除外外),all,none,few,little,some等等代词时，或当先行词受代词时，或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。等代词修饰时。第64页第64页Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said?There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in theworld.All that can be done has been done.第65页第65页There is little that I can do for you.He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.第66页第66页Any man that/who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.注意注意：当先行词指人时，也可当先行词指人时，也可用关系代词用关系代词who，All the guests that/who were invited to her wedding wereimportant people.Any man that/who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.第67页第67页2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.第68页第68页3.3.当先行词被形容词最高级当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。修饰时。This is the best film that I have ever seen.第69页第69页4当先行词被 the very,the only 修饰时。This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thingthat he owns.第70页第70页注意注意：当先行词指人时，通惯用关系代词 who。Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend themeeting.第71页第71页5.当先行词前面有当先行词前面有who,which 等疑问代词时等疑问代词时。Who is the man that is standing by the gate?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?第72页第72页6.6.当先行词为人与非人时。当先行词为人与非人时。They talked about the persons and things that theyremembered at school Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up thestreet.第73页第73页（二）关系代词（二）关系代词as和和which 引引导定语从句导定语从句as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时，其使用方法有相同之处，也有不同之处。详细情况是 1.as 和和which都能够在定语从句都能够在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。个句子。第74页第74页He married her,as/which was natural.He is honest,as/which we can see.第75页第75页2.as 引导非限制性定语从句能引导非限制性定语从句能够放在主句之前、主句之后，甚够放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还能够分割主句。至还能够分割主句。which引导引导非限制性定语从句只可放在主句非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，之后。另外，as 经常有经常有“正如、正如、正像正像”含义。含义。As is known to all,China is a developing country.第76页第76页He is from the south,as we can know from his accent.John,as you know,is a famous writer.Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times,which I dont believe.第77页第77页注意：注意：当主句和从句之间存当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上因果关系时，关在着逻辑上因果关系时，关系词往往只用系词往往只用which。如：。如：Tom was late for school again an