1、第1页第1页专项专项1414正反解读主谓一致与数词正反解读主谓一致与数词 专项专项14 14 正反解读主谓一致与正反解读主谓一致与数词数词 第2页第2页专项专项1414 高考链接高考链接高考链接1 1安徽卷安徽卷 The factory used 65 percent of the The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which_ saved for raw materials,the rest of which_ saved for other purposes.other purposes.A Aisis
2、B Bare are C CwaswasD Dwerewere第3页第3页解析 D考察主谓一致。句意:工厂用了65%原材料,剩余原材料被节约下来作其它用途。定语从句主语为the rest of which,即the rest of the raw materials,由此可知从句谓语应为复数,同时注意主从句时态一致,故选D。专项专项1414 高考链接高考链接第4页第4页2湖南卷 Onethird of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_black people.Ais;areBis;is Care
3、;areDare;is 解析 A考察主谓一致。“分数/the majority of the 名词”作主语,句子谓语动词数与of后名词保持一致。故依据the country可判断第一空填is;依据the citizens可判断第二空填are。专项专项1414 高考链接高考链接第5页第5页专项专项1414 考点归纳考点归纳 考点归纳 考点一主谓一致考点一主谓一致在英语句子中,谓语动词形式应与主语人称和数保持一致。在英语句子中,谓语动词形式应与主语人称和数保持一致。近几年来,高考关于该内容考察主要集中在意义一致、形式一近几年来,高考关于该内容考察主要集中在意义一致、形式一致、承前一致以及就近一致几
4、种方面。致、承前一致以及就近一致几种方面。1 1意义一致原则意义一致原则只要拟定句子主语是单数意义,则谓语用单数;句子主语只要拟定句子主语是单数意义,则谓语用单数;句子主语是复数意义,则谓语用复数。是复数意义,则谓语用复数。第6页第6页规则1:不可数名词作主语,一律视为单数。以s结尾国名、地名、机构名,书名,如:the United States,the United Nations等作主语,视为单数;有些不可数名词如:news,maths,physics 即使以s结尾,但不是复数。规则2:表示单一概念动名词、不定式或句子作主语时,谓语动词用单数。“one,either,neither,eac
5、h of复数名词或代词”作主语时,谓语用单数。如:When and where to go for the onsalary holiday has not been decided yet.Either of the stories is very funny.专项专项1414 考点归纳考点归纳 第7页第7页规则3:something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody,no one 等不定代词作主语,谓语通惯用单数。规则4:表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词作主语,通常看作一个整体,谓语动词惯用单数。如:Ten pounds was m
6、issing from the box.规则5:a series of,a kind of,a piece of,a pair of 等修饰名词,通常以量词单复数形式来决定谓语单复数。如:Two series of new stamps have been ordered.专项专项1414 考点归纳考点归纳 第8页第8页规则6:a number of复数名词,意为“许多”,是复数意义;the number of复数名词,意为“数目”,是单数意义。the population of意为“人口数量”,作主语时,谓语用单数;但假如是分数/百分数/half of/the rest ofthe popu
7、lation 作主语时,谓语则用复数,详细指其中多少人,是复数意义。the average of意为“平均数量”,作主语时,谓语用单数。如:The number of the students in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard.规则7:“theadj.”结构指人时,谓语动词用复数;假如表示抽象概念,谓语动词用单数。专项专项1414 考点归纳考点归纳 第9页第9页规则8:分数、百分数及all,some,the rest,half of,most of,part of 等作主语时,谓语动词单复数依据其指代
8、含义拟定。如:The rest of the workers are still very tired.规则9:主语为集体名词时,假如表示一个整体,谓语动词用单数;假如指其中个体,谓语动词用复数。这类集体名词常见有:army,audience,cattle,class,club,committee,crowd,family,government,group,majority,minority,people,police,public,staff,team等,其中cattle,people,police普通当作复数形式。专项专项1414 考点归纳考点归纳 第10页第10页规则10:当and连接两
9、个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时,应看作单数,谓语动词用单数形式。另外,当and 连接两个形容词修饰一个单数形式主语时,其实是指两种不同事物,主语则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数。如:War and peace is a constant theme in history.Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.规则11:what 引导主语从句作主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于作表语名词单复数形式。如:What surprised me most was his attitude towards his stud
10、y.专项专项1414 考点归纳考点归纳 第11页第11页规则12:such 作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式要依据其意义而定。如:Such is Stephen Hawking,who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.规则13:“quantities of名词”作主语时,无论名词是复数还是不可数,谓语一律用复数。如:Every day quantities of water are wasted.专项专项1414 考点归纳考点归纳 第12页第12页2形式一致原则主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致:主语是单数形式,谓语也采用单数形式;主语是复
11、数形式,谓语亦采用复数形式。规则1:every/each/no 修饰单数名词,以及and连接两个有every/each/no修饰单数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式。如:Every boy and every girl is having sports now.规则2:“more than one/many a单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:More than one student has failed the exam.专项专项1414 考点归纳考点归纳 第13页第13页3就近一致原则规则1:当连词or,notbut;eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut(
12、also)等连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词形式常与最靠近词语保持一致。如:Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.规则2:在倒装句中,谓语与后面第一个主语数保持一致。如:In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.规则3:当一个句子是由 there 或here引起,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常和最靠近它主语一致。如:There is a pen,a knife and several books
13、on the desk.专项专项1414 考点归纳考点归纳 第14页第14页4承前一致原则规则:主语后接介词with,together with,along with,except,besides,as well as,in,of 等连接词语时,谓语动词数要和这些短语前面名词单复数保持一致。如:Mr.Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday.专项专项1414 考点归纳考点归纳 第15页第15页 考点二数词数词分为基数词、序数词、分数、小数和概数。复习时要注意下面问题:规则1:表示事物数量多少,尤其是hundre
14、d,thousand,million,billion等,前面若有基数词或一些表示数量形容词时,它们只能用单数形式。规则2:序数词普通由基数词th构成。以y结尾基数词构成序数词时,先把y变为i,再加eth。如twentieth;fiftieth。惯用不规则序数词有:first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。序数词前通常要加定冠词the,但序数词不表示顺序而表示“再一;又一”时,前面要用不定冠词a/an。专项专项1414 考点归纳考点归纳 第16页第16页规则3:年代表示是“the年代s”或“the年代s”。规则4:分数表示是分子用基数词,分母用序
15、数词,当分子不小于“1”时,分母要用复数形式。规则3:年代表示是“the年代s”或“the年代s”。专项专项1414 考点归纳考点归纳 第17页第17页专项专项1414 反面解读反面解读反面解读1单句改错单句改错(1)One or perhaps more pages is missing.解析解析 is改改为为are。由。由or连连接两个名接两个名词词或代或代词词作主作主语时语时,谓谓语动词应语动词应遵循遵循“就近一致就近一致”原原则则。(2)Large quantities of food was carried to the city.解析解析 was改改为为were。“large qu
16、antities of复数名复数名词词/不不可数名可数名词词”作主作主语语,谓语动词谓语动词用复数形式,即与用复数形式,即与quantities一致。一致。第18页第18页(3)All he said are wrong.解析 are改为is。all 作主语时,若all为复数概念,谓语动词用复数形式,若all为一个整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式。(4)The teacher,as well as his students,are going to see the film this afternoon.解析 are改为is。当as well as连接两个名词时,谓语动词与前面一个名词保持一致。专
17、项专项1414 反面解读反面解读第19页第19页2【误】Several millions people in the world are sending information by email every day.【正】Several million people in the world are sending information by email every day.解析 在million,hundred等数词前假如有详细数字或 several等词修饰时,要用单数形式。但在表示不确切数目时用复数,如:表示“数百万”,应为millions of。专项专项1414 反面解读反面解读第20
18、页第20页3【误】The company had about 20 computers but only onethird was used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.【正】The company had about 20 computers but only onethird were used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.解析 本题中onethird指代是computers三分之一,因此此处谓语动词要用复数形式。专项专项1414 反面解读反面解读第21页第21页