怎样区分非谓语充当各种句子成分公开课一等奖优质课大赛微课获奖课件.pptx

非谓语充当句子成份区别第1页第1页主语-Ving&to doTo do:详细某一次动作或未来动作，强调是动作本身。Ving：普通，抽象，泛指概念或一个已经完毕动作，强调是事情本身。试辨析：To visit China is my next goal.To look after these naughty boys is really difficult.Climbing mountains is great fun.Collecting stamps can enlarge ones knowledge.第2页第2页宾语-to do&ving1）相差不大类型Like,hate,begin,start,prefer,continue等。After a short rest,she started working/to work.I prefer walking/to walk to school.Despite the difficulties,we continued doing/to do the research.2）相差很大类型Try,regret,forget,remember,mean等。Try to do sth 尽力做某事 try doing sth试着做某事He tried to stand up but failed.Lets try telling him about the sad news.regret to do sth对将要做事感到抱歉或遗憾，regret doing sth对已发生事感到遗憾或后悔I regret to tell you that I cant come,I really regret missing/have missed his lecture.forget to do sth 忘掉去做某事 forget doing sth 忘掉了做过事情remember to do&remember doing sthmean to do sth打算做某事 mean doing sth意味着做某事I meant to buy some bread,but I forgot.Wasting time means killing life.第3页第3页介词宾语介词宾语普通由动名词充当，独立不定式普通不能作介词宾语，但“疑问词+不定式”能够。试辨析She devoted her whole life to teaching.I hope you can get used to living here as soon as possible.He gave me advice on how to quit smoking.Were talking about where to set up a school shopping center.第4页第4页表语不定式和动名词作表语相称于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”；表示一定概念，含有名词性质，不定式与动名词互换。My hobby is collecting/to collect ancient coins.My part-time job is teaching/to teach yoga in school.表示详细，个别动作，或含有未来含义时，普通用不定式.The plan is to set aside a day for the interview.My wish is to find a part-time job this summer.Our aim is to help the old lead a happy life.现在分词与过去分词作表语相称于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。现在分词表示本身性质，过去分词表示外因使之具备性质或特性。Your speech is very encouraging.The story is very moving.I was disappointed at this decision.The child was frightened to see the dog.试辨析1、His job is to paint the walls.他工作是粉刷这些墙2、His job is painting walls.他工作是粉刷墙第5页第5页定语不定式表示未发生动作，或通常发生动作，普通放在被修饰词后面。The next thing to do is to encourage Mary to walk on.The school to be built next month is intended for disabled children.He is always the first to come and the last to leave.动名词作定语，普通表示用途，普通放在被修饰词前面A walking stick a measuring tape a washing machine a reading room现在分词表示积极，过去分词表示被动单个分词作定语往往放在被修饰词前面，分词短语多置于被修饰词后面Fallen leaves falling tree changed situation changing situationDeveloped country developing country boring meeting broken cupThe man reading the newspaper there is our English teacher.The English spoken in America is a little different from that in English.第6页第6页to be done(to do普通被动)：即将被做being done（动名词普通被动）：正在被做 done（过去分词）：已被做完，或表示完毕 having been done（现在分词完毕被动）：非限定定语，逗号与被修饰词隔开。试辨析The question to be discussed tomorrow involves pollution.The question being discussed now involves pollution.The question discussed yesterday involves pollution.The question,having been discussed for many years,involves pollution.第7页第7页定语-注意事项 1)现在分词完毕式普通不做定语，除非为非限定性定语(having done,having been done)The question having been discussed for many years has now been solved.The question discussed(=which has been discussed)for many years has now been solved.The question,having been discussed for many years,has now been solved.2)短暂性动词ing形式普通式普通不能够作后置定语。Most of the people being invited to the party were famous scientists.Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.3)being+adj不能单独作后置定语Anyone being fit for this job can sign your name here.Anyone(who is)fit for this job can sign your name here.第8页第8页状语To do 在作为结果状语普通表示出乎意料情况，常见结构有tooto,enough to等。不定式前能够加only作强调。Ving现在分词作为状语主要表示一个顺其自然情况（前面是后面原因）试辨析He left home,never to return.We arrived there only to find the meeting over.The rain lasted a week,causing great damage.The pop star didnt turn up,disappointing all her fans.The room are all large enough to take a third bed.第9页第9页done,being done,having been done作为状语区别being done（动名词普通被动）：表示伴随状语，普通被done取代 done（过去分词）：已被做完，或表示完毕 having been done（现在分词完毕被动）：强调主句动作已经完毕，或已经连续一段时间动作或状态，假如不强调时间先后，或动作连续，直接用done试辨析The boy was running along the street,(being)followed by a dog.(Being)Led by the local guide,we went further into the forest.Brought up abroad,he knows little about his hometown.Having been well tended for half a year,the patient became far better.第10页第10页补足语to do VS Ving 现在分词Ving现在分词阐明宾语正在进行动作或宾语特性To do表示是动作整个过程I saw him enter the hall.I saw him walking into the hall.done VS to be done(不定式被动普通)Done强调动作结果，To be done 强调动作过程（但是在want,wish,desire,like,expect,would like,would prefer等表示意愿动词后宾补假如用to be done,省略to be，从而使句子语调更显得果断）试辨析We would like all the walls(to be)painted white.I dont like such things(to be)discussed this way.Every one of us would expect our salaries(to be)raised.We all dont want the land(to be)built on.第11页第11页1.My daughter stopped screaming immediately and looked up at me with tears _(roll)down her cheeks.1rolling句意：我女儿马上就停止了尖叫，抬头看着我，泪水顺着她脸颊滑落。这里使用了with 复合结构，其中名词tears 与动词roll 是逻辑上主谓关系，故用现在分词形式第12页第12页I have learned a lot about Asian customs,_(live)in the small village for three years in the early 1990s.2.having lived句意：20世纪90年代，我在这个小村庄里居住了三年后对亚洲风俗习惯理解了诸多。非谓语动词逻辑主语是I，与live 之间构成主谓关系，同时依据for three years 可知，应用完毕时态。第13页第13页_(please)with the effect of the color change,the woman smiled with satisfaction.3Pleased句意：这位女士对颜色改变效果感到很高兴，满意地笑了。此处非谓语动词逻辑主语是the woman，与please 之间构成动宾关系，因此用过去分词Pleased。第14页第14页_(take)according to the instructions,the medicine will work for your headache.4Taken句意：按照阐明书服药，这个药会对你头疼起到作用。the medicine 与 take 之间是动宾关系，故用take 过去分词形式。第15页第15页The measures I suggested _(improve)the air quality have been adopted by the government.6to improve分析句子结构可知，空处为The measures 后置定语，因此使用不定式形式。the measures to improve the air quality 表示“提升空气质量办法”。I suggested 为定语从句，修饰先行词The measures，解题时不要受suggest doing 短语搭配干扰。第16页第16页The document film _(release)next week aims at introducing local cultures to the world.7to be released此处为非谓语动词做后置定语，且film 与release 之间为被动关系，依据句中时间状语next week 可知表示未来动作，故用不定式被动形式。第17页第17页All the passengers,please put the trash and waste in the plastic bags _(provide)on your right.10provided句意：各位乘客，请把垃圾和废物放进给你们提供塑料袋里，就在各位右手边。这里用provide 过去分词形式做定语，表示被动和完毕。第18页第18页He drank up the whole bottle of milk,not _(leave)even a drop to his little brother.15leaving句意：他喝完了整瓶牛奶，甚至一滴也没留给他弟弟。leave 和 He 之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词形式做结果状语第19页第19页People from all the corners came to the city center,_(make)it very crowded.23making句意：来自各个角落人都来到了市中心，这使市中心非常拥挤。make 与前面句子为逻辑上积极关系，故答案为making第20页第20页He survived the crash,only _(die)in the desert.25to die句意：飞机失事他逃过一劫，但却在沙漠中丧生了。“only不定式”表示事与愿违结果。第21页第21页The shop owner will get all these goods ordered _(deliver)to the customers today.33delivered句意：这位店主今天将把所有这些订货送到用户手中。首先要弄清题干中ordered 为后置定语，修饰these goods，设空处作宾补。宾语goods 与 deliver 间为逻辑上被动关系，故答案为delivered,构成get sth.done 形式。第22页第22页