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日本公布福岛核事故调查中期报告.doc

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日本公布福岛核事故调查中期报告 英国《金融时报》中本美智代东京报道 2011-12—28 (www.ftchinese。com) 调查日本核事故的委员会表示,福岛第一核电站(Fukushima Daiichi)运营商及其监管机构均未能履行自己的职责,没有为重大突发事件做好充足准备并迅速作出回应,从而导致了25年来最严重的核事故. 该委员会在其发布的中期调查报告中表示,福岛第一核电站运营商东京电力公司(Tokyo Electric Power)及其监管机构完全没有为应对一场突发的重大核事故做好准备,以致于在今年3月11日海啸之后,他们甚至没有对福岛第一核电站发生的巨大灾难采取基本的安全措施. 该委员会称,例如,东京电力公司的远程应急总部所在的大楼“在最初设计时没有考虑抵御增强的辐射水平,尽管他们打算在发生核事故时启用这些设施”,他们甚至没有空气净化过滤器. 委员会在报告中表示:“东电没有预计到(重创第一核电站的)海啸可能造成严重事故,因此没有采取预防措施……监管机构也是如此." 由10位独立专家组成的委员会是接受政府委托进行调查的。该委员会还认为信息收集不充分,政府、监管机构和东电内部沟通不畅是造成局势恶化的主要因素. 今年3月11日,日本东北海岸地区发生了地震和海啸,此后发生的福岛第一核电站的核事故导致三座核反应堆发生爆炸,并向大气和海洋释放了高浓度的核辐射. 距事故发生地至多20公里的区域被封锁,逾11万人被迫撤离家园,农民、渔民和消费者担心受到核辐射的污染。 委员会发布调查报告之际,东电为补偿受害者和停运受损核电站而发生的成本有可能导致负债超过资产。为防止破产,该公司正面临被国有化的前景。 委员会将在明年夏季完成最终调查.它得出结论称,日本的预防核灾难方案“存在严重缺陷",该国应“根本转变”其预防灾难的方式。 译者/何黎 本文的网址:http://www。ftchinese。com/story/001042432 Report slams response to nuclear crisis By MichiyoNakamoto in Tokyo The operator of the Fukushima nuclear power plant and its regulators all failed in their duty to adequately prepare for and respond promptly to a major emergency, contributing to the worst nuclear accident in a quarter century, according to a committee investigating the disaster。 Tokyo Electric Power, the operator of the Fukushima plant, and its regulators were so unprepared for a major nuclear emergency that they lacked even the basic safety measures to respond to a disaster of the scale that hit Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in the wake of the March 11 tsunami, the committee states in an interim report of its findings。 Tepco’s off-site emergency response headquarters for example, was housed in a building that “was not designed to withstand elevated radiation levels, although it was intended for use in nuclear emergencies”, and did not even have air cleaning filters, it says。 “Tepco did not take precautionary measures in anticipation that a severe accident could be caused by tsunami such as the one (that hit Fukushima Daiichi) … Neither did the regulatory authorities,” the committee states in its report. The committee of 10 independent experts, which was commissioned by the government, also cites insufficient information gathering and poor communication among those in the government, the regulators and at Tepco as major factors that worsened the situation. The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, following the March 11 earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan's northeastern coast, led to explosions at three reactors and the release of high levels of radioactivity into the atmosphere and ocean。 An area of up to 20km from the site has been closed off, more than 110,000 people have been forced to evacuate their homes and concerns about radioactive contamination plague farmers, fishermen and consumers alike。 It comes as the utility faces the prospect of nationalisation, to prevent bankruptcy, as the costs of compensating victims and decommissioning the damaged power plants threaten to increase liabilities in excess of assets. The committee, which is set to continue its investigation until next summer, concludes that Japan's nuclear disaster prevention programme “had serious shortfalls" and calls for a “paradigm shift” in the country's approach to disaster prevention。
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