美国课件4历史2市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件.pptx

American HistoryLecturer:Qin Jie第1页第1页AimsvGettoknowthegeneralhistoryofUSvGettoknowthespecificandsignificanteventsofUShistoryvGettoknowtheimportanthistoricalfigures第2页第2页Recapv1607Jamestown;1620Plymouth;1733(13)vKing Williams War(168997),Queen Annes War(17021713),King Georges War(174448GeorgeII),Seven Years War(1756-63)vBritishMercantilistPolicy,QuarteringAct,StampAct,CurrencyAct第3页第3页第4页第4页第5页第5页vDeclaration of IndependenceIN CONGRESS,JULY 4,1776The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of AmericaWhen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth,the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them,a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.第6页第6页vDeclaration of IndependenceWe hold these truths to be self-evident,that all men are created equal,that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights,that among these are Life,Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.That to secure these rights,Governments are instituted among Men,deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends,it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it,and to institute new Government,第7页第7页GeorgeWashington第8页第8页vKnownastheFatherofhiscountry,George Washington(17321799)wasmilitaryandpoliticalleaderoftheUnitedStatesofAmericafrom1775to1797.vHeledtheAmericanvictoryoverBritainintheRevolutionaryWarascommanderinchiefoftheContinentalArmyin17751783,andhepresidedoverthewritingoftheConstitutionin1787.第9页第9页vAstheunanimouschoicetoserveasthefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStates(17891797),hedevelopedtheformsandritualsofgovernmentthathavebeenusedeversince,suchasusingacabinetsystemanddeliveringaninauguraladdress.vHebuiltastrong,well-financednationalgovernmentthatavoidedwar,suppressedrebellionandwonacceptanceamongAmericansofalltypes.第10页第10页ThomasJefferson第11页第11页vThomas Jefferson(17431826)wasthethirdPresidentoftheUnitedStates(18011809)andtheprincipalauthoroftheDeclaration of Independence(1776).vJeffersonwasoneofthemostinfluentialFoundingFathers.JeffersonenvisionedAmericaastheforcebehindagreatEmpireofLibertythatwouldcountertheimperialismoftheBritishEmpire.第12页第12页American BeginningsvTheConstitutionalConventionvTheAmericanRevolutionwasbourgeoisincharacter.Itdidnotsolvetheproblemoflanddemandedbythelaboringpeople.Inaddition,theheavycostsofthewarwereplacedontheirshoulders.vTherewasgreatdissatisfactionamongpeople.Whenthenwarended,anumberofdemonstrationsanduprisingstookplace.第13页第13页American BeginningsvInMay1787,theConstitutionalConventionmetinPhiladelphia,forthepurposeofsettingupastrongcentralgovernment.vGeorgeWashington,BenjaminFranklinhadfoundwaystomeetthemanydifficultproblemsofwritingtheConstitution.vAnothergreatleader,James Madison,didmuchworkonthewritingoftheConstitution.Forthis,hewasknownasthe“FatheroftheConstitution”.第14页第14页vJames Madison(17511836)wasanAmericanpoliticianandpoliticalphilosopherwhoservedasthefourthPresidentoftheUnitedStates(18091817)andisconsideredoneoftheFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStates.第15页第15页vIn1788,MadisonwroteoverathirdoftheFederalist Papers,themostinfluentialcommentaryontheConstitution.vHewasaleaderinthe1stUnitedStatesCongress,draftingmanybasiclaws,andwasresponsibleforthefirsttenamendmentstotheConstitutionandisalsoknownastheFatheroftheBillofRights.vAsapoliticaltheorist,Madisonsmostdistinctivebeliefwasthatthenewrepublicneededchecksandbalancestoprotectindividualrightsfromthetyrannyofthemajority.第16页第16页American BeginningsvIn1791,theBillofRightswereadded.AmongthemoreimportantrightsguaranteedtotheUScitizensarefreedomofreligion,freedomofspeech,freedomofthepress,therighttoassemble,andtherighttopetitionforwhatacitizenmaythinkisneededfromthegovernment.第17页第17页American BeginningsExpansionofTerritoryandWestwardMovementv1.LouisianaPurchase(1803)v2.TheWarof1812v3.TheMexicanWar(1846-48)v4.WestwardMovementv5.MonroeDoctrinev6.TheCivilWar第18页第18页vJames Monroe(17581831)wasthefifthPresidentoftheUnitedStates,servingtwotermsfrom1817to1825.MonroewasthelastFoundingFatheroftheUnitedStates,thelastonefromtheVirginiadynasty.第19页第19页TheMonroe DoctrinevTheMonroe DoctrineisaU.S.doctrinewhich,onDecember2,1823,statedthatEuropeanpowerswerenolongertocolonizeorinterferewiththeaffairsofthenewlyindependentstatesoftheAmericas.vTheUnitedStateswouldnotinterferewithexistingcoloniesortheirdependenciesintheWesternHemisphere.However,anyattemptbyaEuropeannationtooppressorcontrolanynationinthewesternhemispherewouldbeseenasanactofaggressionandtheUnitedStateswouldintervene.第20页第20页American BeginningsTheCivilWarvAt4:30AMonApril12,1861v4yearswarv23northernandWesternstatesthatsupportedthefederalgovernmentv11SouthernstatesthatformedanindependentgovernmentcalledtheConfederateStatesofAmerica.第21页第21页第22页第22页第23页第23页American BeginningsTheCivilWarv1.CausesleadingtoWarv2.ProcessoftheWarv3.FinalVictorandItsEffects第24页第24页American BeginningsTheCivilWarCausesleadingtoWarv1.TheBasicIssueofStatesRightsv2.BlackSlaveryinAmericav3.ConflictsRisingfromSlaveryv4.LincolnsPresidency第25页第25页 AmericanHistoryTheCivilWarvProcessoftheWarv1.FirsttwoYearsoftheWarv2.EmancipationProclamationv3.LastTwoYearsofWar(1863-65)vTheEmancipation ProclamationconsistsoftwoexecutiveordersissuedbyUnitedStatesPresidentAbrahamLincolnduringtheAmericanCivilWar.Thefirstone,issuedSeptember22,1862,declaredthefreedomofallslavesinanystateoftheConfederateStatesofAmericathatdidnotreturntoUnioncontrolbyJanuary1,1863.Thesecondorder,issuedJanuary1,1863,namedthespecificstateswhereitapplied.第26页第26页EmancipationProclamationvFollowingtheUnionvictoryin1865,threeamendmentstotheU.S.ConstitutionensuredfreedomforthenearlyfourmillionAfricanAmericanswhohadbeenslaves,madethemcitizens,andgavethemvotingrights.Thewaranditsresolutionledtoasubstantialincreaseinfederalpower.第27页第27页American BeginningsTheCivilWarFinalVictorandItsEffectsv1.Lincolnsre-electionandDeathv2.EffectsoftheCivilWar第28页第28页American BeginningsTheRiseofAmericanImperialismv1.FormationandDevelopmentofMonopolyCapitalismv2.ImperialistForeignPolicy第29页第29页第30页第30页AssignmentvReviewThe Gettysburg AddressvMakeadetailedstudyonAmericanCivilWar第31页第31页