英语短暂性动词与延续性动词相互转换讲练.doc

中考英语短暂性动词与延续性动词相互转换讲练中考英语短暂性动词与延续性动词相互转换对应表短暂性动词延续性动词现在完成时arrive at(in)get to/reach come/go/move to.be in /athave been in /atcome back/go back/returnbe backhave been backcome out/go outbe out have been outbecomebe have beenclosebe closedhave been closedopen(v)be open(adj.)have been openget upbe uphave been updiebe deadhave been deadleavebe away fromhave been away fromfall asleep/get to sleepbe asleephave been asleep finish/endbe overhave been overmarry/get marriedbe married have been marriedbegin/startbe on have been onborrowkeephave keptbuyhavehave hadput onwearcatch/get a coldhave a coldhave had a coldget to knowknowhave knownhave/has gone tohave/has been injoin the league/the Party/the armybe a member/members of; be in have been a member/members of;have been in语法讲解：1.现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在，并可以和以for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，也可以用在以“howlong”提问的句子中，句子中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。例：HehasbeenawayfromBeijingfortwoyears.=HeleftBeijingtwoyearsago.Whendidthetrainarrivehere?B.Howlong_thetrain_here?2.在现在完成时的肯定句中，非延续性动词作谓语动词时，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。但可以用其他句式来表示同一个意思。例：Lucy has come back.Theoldmandied4yearsago.= Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.HehasbeenawayfromBeijingfortwoyears.=HeleftBeijingtwoyearsago.=ItistwoyearssinceheleftBeijing.=TwoyearshaspassedsinceheleftBeijing.3.非延续性动词可以在现在完成时的否定句中作谓语，并可以与for，since引导的时间状语连用，表示动作的延续过程。例如：Shehasntboughtanynewclothessincelastyear. Ihaventborrowedthebookforalongtime.巩固习题：1.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway2. I_theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin3.Thefactory_sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened4.MaryandRose_friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome5.Themeeting_foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover6.MissGao_thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught7.Ben_ateacherfor4years.A.hasbeenB.hasbecomeC.wasD.became8.I_homeforaweek.A.havereturnedB.havebeenbackC.returned9.Howlong_he_?A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead10.-HowlongcanI_thebook?-Twoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.getD.keep11.He_thecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad12.-Howlong_you_ill?-Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been13.Since2000,he_hishometown.A.hasleftB.hasmovedawayC.hasbeenawayfrom14.Illlendyouthebook,butyoucanonly_itfor2days.A.borrowB.keepC.take15.Thebus_ontheroadfor2hourssofar.A.hasstoppedB.stoppedC.hasbeen16.Tomisillinhospital.He_acoldforseveraldays.A.isB.catchesC.hascaughtD.hashad17.He_for2hours.A.gotupB.hasgotupC.hasbeenup二、英语书面表达专项训练2 诚信是中华民族的传统美德，也是社会主义核心价值观内容之一。而你的朋友Daming最近却被诚信危机所困扰。上周末，他本来和Lingling相约一起去电影院看电影，但是他却因为在家复习考试，把这件事忘了，直到第二天才想起来。因此，Lingling很生气，并且不愿接受Daming的道歉。请你就此事给校报投稿，以“The Importance of Promise”为题，内容要点如下：1、简述事件；2、谈谈自己的看法，并给Daming一些建议。注意：1、词数80100；2、行文连贯，逻辑合理；3、文中不能出现真实的校名和人名； 4、文章的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。The Importance of PromiseDear editor,People always emphasize（强调） the importance of the promise, and they hate people who break their promise. Promise is very important. Everyone should keep it. Yours,Tony【答案】The Importance of PromiseDear editor,People always emphasize（强调）the importance of the promise, and they hate people who break their promise.Recently, a thing happened to my friend, and I think it was really his fault. Last weekend, my friend Daming had a date with his friend Lingling to watch a movie. But he totally forgot it that day because of his review for his exam. So Lingling got too angry to forgive him. In my opinion, it was really his fault. Forgetting the date not only led to Linglings anger, but also made her lose trust in him. Keeping promises is always the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. What Daming should do now is to ask for forgiveness and promise that he will never do that again.Promise is very important. Everyone should keep it. Yours,Tony【解析】【分析】本文为一篇稿件，需要学生通过大明和玲玲之间，大明没有信守承诺的事情，谈自己的看法。信守承诺是中华民族的传统美德，在写作过程中，注意文章结构，先写出大明和玲玲之间的事情，然后再说自己对此的看法。【详解】首先，第一句话直接点明作者的观点，大明是犯错了的。然后仔细阐述了事情发生的经过。接下来说出自己对此事件的看法，不信守承诺会导致失去别人的信任，对大明的建议是除了认错之外，还需要再次保证永不再犯。【点睛】文章结构清晰，符合逻辑，先表明自己观点，然后阐述事情，提出自己的观点和建议。整篇文章在谋篇布局上，比较严密。除此之外，中间也使用了一些连接词，例如but，so，because of等，使文章更加通顺。3 假如你是李华, 你的美国笔友Bill给你发了一封电子邮件, 想了解你的梦想职业。请认真阅读下面的邮件, 根据信中的内容和你的实际情况给他写封回信。To: lihua china. comFrom: bill006 america. comSubject: Your dream jobDear Li Hua,Our teacher told us China is developing fast. You are lucky enough to live in China.Would you please tell me about your dream job in the future?What is your dream job? Why do you like the job? Do you think your personality is suitable for the job? Why or why not? What do you need to do for your dream job?Drop a few lines if you have time.Best wishes,Bill要求:1. 参考提示语, 可适当发挥；2. 语句通顺, 意思连贯, 书写工整；3. 文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名等）；4.词数: 不少于70词（开头已给出, 但不计入总词数）。Dear Bill,Thank you for your letter. I am glad to tell you about my dream job. _Yours,Li Hua【答案】例文Thank you for your letter. I am glad to tell you about my dream job. Teaching is my dream job because I would like to share my knowledge with my students and help them solve problems. I am outgoing and helpful. I get on well with children. Besides, the schools environment appeals to me and staying with students helps to keep me young and alive. To realize my dream, I have to make full use of spare time to acquire the essential knowledge and enter a good university. What efforts are you making for your dream?Tell me about your ideal job!Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本题通过描写梦想中的职业，让学生对未来有憧憬，给一部分提示词，让学生有话可说。【详解】首先回答职业是教师。然后解释为什么喜欢该工作，因为可以把自己的知识分享给孩子们，并且喜欢学校的环境。为了实现自己的梦想，正在为此作出努力。最后向Bill提出问题，结束全文。【点睛】本文首先开篇功能句Thank you for your letter.然后开始主要内容，运用多种连接词，比如because，Besides，To realize my dream, 等使文章连贯性强，长短句结合，读起来朗朗上口，不失为一篇佳作。4书面表达初中就要毕业了，校报“英语角”栏目向同学们征集毕业晚会的计划。假定你是李华，请根据要点 写一封信，说说你的计划。活动毕业晚会时间6月28日晚上七点地点学校礼堂school hall参与者全体初三学生和老师活动内容1.邀请校长作演讲；2.互赠礼物送祝福；3.各班表演精彩节目4. 要求：1.要点完整，可适当发挥，使句子通顺，连贯; 2.正确使用语态，语法正确，书写整洁。 3.80词左右，开头结尾己给出，不计入总词数; 4.文中不得出现真实姓名和地名。Dear editor,I am very happy to have the chance to show my plan for the graduation party._ Best wishes,Yours Lihua【答案】Dear editor,Im very happy to have the chance to show my plan for the graduation ceremony. The ceremony will be held in our school hall at 7 oclock on June 28th.I have planned three activities for it. First of all, we would like to invite our headmaster to make a speech and give us his best wishes for a bright future. After that, every one give each other gifts and blessings. And then each class will give a wonderful performance. In the end, some pictures will be shown to share the happy time we have had together.This is what we will do. I hope you will choose my plan.Best wishes,Yours,Li hua【解析】【分析】这篇书面表达主要是推荐自己的毕业晚会计划。【详解】这是一篇给材料作文，介绍毕业典礼活动计划。结合所给材料，可知本文主要考查一般现在时和一般将来时，人称为第一，三人称，注意主谓一致问题，句子结构主要为系表结构和动宾结构，注意一些常见句式的应用写作中注意运用代词，注意多种句式交替运用。写作中注意叙述顺序，符合逻辑关系。5临近毕业，学校在学习小组内开展了初中阶段自评和组评活动，假设你是 Moonlight 小组 的组长，请根据下面表格中的信息和提示，为你的组员 Tommy 进行综合素质的评价，写一 份素质报告NameTommyCharacteristics聪明、大方（各举一例）Hobbies喜欢看书，认为看书有很多好处（请列举2个好处）Honour他在家帮助做家务。在学校和同学相处融洽。上学途中遵守交通规则（举一例）。今年，学校授予了他优秀学生奖（Award for Best Student）Problems面临考试，遭受压力痛苦，他没有充足的睡眠Your suggestions（根据实际情况提2点建议）要求：1、表达清楚、语法正确、上下文连贯；2、要点必须包括所有相关信息，并作适当发挥；3、词数：100 词左右；4、不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等Tommy is a member of my team called Moonlight.【答案】Tommy is a member of my team called Moonlight. He is clever and he is good at all his lessons. He is so generous that he shares everything with his friends.He likes reading because he thinks he can get much knowledge and learn more about the world by reading. And reading has a good effect on childrens growth. At home, he can help his parents do some housework. At school, he gets on well with his classmates. On the way to school, he obeys the traffic rules. He crosses the road when the light is green. Our school presented him with Award for Best Student this year. However, Tommy is stressed when the exam comes. And he doesnt have enough sleep. I think he should go over what he has learned before exams. Its better for him to manage his time wisely so that he can have enough time to rest.【解析】这篇作文要求我们按照表格里的内容介绍一下Tommy的情况，为Tommy写一篇综合素质的评价报告。在表格中有非常详细的关于Tommy各方面的内容，我们需要用正确的英语把这些内容有条理的表达出来。表格中涉及的内容较多，写作时要注意表达的条理性。这篇作文应主要使用第三人称来写。在最后要给Tommy提一些建议，这一部分应该用第一人称。同时注意表达的准确性，尤其是表格中的第五项和第六项内容。【亮点说明】这是一篇比较优秀的范文。这篇作文内容完整，包含了表格中的所有内容，没有遗漏要点。表达准确，注意了被动形式的使用，如He was rewarded by our school this year.。写作时注意了条理性，使文章具有层次感，条理清楚。短文注意到了长短句的结合，并恰当的使用了一些连词，使文章表达的连贯。如He is always ready to help others.、He not only likes reading detective novels but also likes watching programs about sports news.、He is good at running. He won the first place in our school sports meeting this year.等。 6书面表达共享单车为我们的生活带来了极大的便利。假设你是红星中学九年级学生李华，你的美国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国最新出现的一种共享单车“mobike”很感兴趣，并请你做个简要介绍。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：1. 这种单车的使用方法（如：APP查看车辆、扫码开锁等）；2. 这种单车的优势；3. 你对这种单车的看法。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：智能手机smartphone；扫码scan the QR code；交通工具a means of transportation。Dear Jim,Im siting to tell you more about the new form of sharing bike-mobike mentioned in your latest letter. _Hope to ride a mobike with you in China.Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,Im writing to tell you more about the new form of sharing bike-mobike mentioned in your latest letter.Its very convenient to use if you have a smartphone. What you do is to find a nearest mobike through the APP, scan the QR code on the bike, and enjoy your trip.Compared to other forms of sharing bike, the greatest advantage of mobike is that you can easily find one and never worry about where to park it. It is becoming a new trend as a means of transportation, which relieves the traffic pressure and does good to the environment as well.Hope to ride a mobike with you in China. Yours,Li Hua【解析】【详解】这是一篇要求介绍关于共享单车的一些事情。动笔前先要认真阅读要点，围绕要点组织材料，然后用正确的英语句子把这些内容表达出来，在此基础上亦可适当发挥，注意不要遗漏材料中给出的要点。根据材料可知本文主要是应用一般现在时态，注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误。注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，语意连贯。7书面表达 假如你是李明，你的美国笔友Alex来信说他要来中国做交换生。请根据以下信息给Alex写一封回信，介绍一下你的近况，并给他一些在中国如何与同学融洽相处的建议。写作要点：1. 欢迎他来中国。2. 介绍你的近况： （1）大多数时间忙于复习备考。（2）有时在户外做运动。（3）很少有时间外出娱乐。3. 给他一些在中国如何与同学融洽相处的建议。写作要求： 1、不得使用真实的姓名和学校名。2、可适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。3、字迹工整、语言精练、表达准确、条理清晰。4、至少80词。Dear Alex， How are you doing ?_ Best wishes!Yours,Li Ming【答案】Dear Alex， How are you doing? You said that you would come to China as an exchange student in your last letter. Welcome to China. You want to know about me. Let me tell you. I have been spending most of my time reviewing for exams these days. Sometimes I do sports outdoors. But I seldom have time to go out for fun. You said you will worry about how to get along with students when you are in China. In fact, you dont have to be worried about it. Chinese people are friendly. You should take an active part in all kinds of activities in school. If your friends have some questions, you should help them. Theyll thank you for your help. You can bring some small gifts to your classmates when you are invited to their homes. I hope you can get on well with your classmates. Best wishes!Yours,Li Ming【解析】【详解】这是一篇书信作文，假如你是李明，你的美国笔友Alex来信说他要来中国做交换生。请根据以下信息给Alex写一封回信，介绍一下你的近况，并给他一些在中国如何与同学融洽相处的建议。注意书信的格式。本文人称主要是第一和第二人称，时态主要是一般现在时。认为阅读材料，认真审题，确定主题，认真阅读所给提示，所给提示就是本文的提纲要点，根据要点适当发挥，列出提纲。短文必须包含提示内容，条理清楚，至少80词。要运用合适的连接词或过渡词，使文章具有连贯性。写完以后，注意再读一遍，看看有无单词拼写、标点、语法错误（时态、主谓一致等）。本文提纲：亲爱的亚历克斯，你好吗？你在上一封信中说你将作为交换生来中国。欢迎来到中国。你想了解我最近忙些什么。让我告诉你。这几天我大部分时间都在复习考试。有时我在户外运动。但我很少有时间出去玩。你说你在中国时会担心如何与学生相处。事实上，你不必担心。中国人很友好。你应该积极参加学校的各种活动。如果你的朋友有问题，你应该帮助他们。他们会感谢你的帮助。当你被邀请去他们家时，你可以给你的同学带一些小礼物。我希望你能和同学们相处得很好。最美好的祝福！你的，李明【点睛】书面表达要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。语言要规范，时态运用要正确，叙述清楚条里，学习中注意总结，牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章的表达更有逻辑性，更富有条理。注意书写的规范：大小写、标点符号等的正确运用。注意检查：单词拼写、语法、动词时态、语序、主谓一致等。写作六步法：1.审题：文体，时态，人称。2.抓住要点：要点是否齐全，适当补充。3.扩充句子：通过增加状语，定语，连词，使句子意思饱满充实。4.连句成文，合理使用连词。5.改正错误：拼写是否错误，语法时态是否正确，连词是否恰当等。6.誊写作文：注意书写工整美观整洁。8书面表达初中生活即将结束。在这三年里你的生活中定不乏难以忘怀的人或事，请以“An unforgettable in my school life”为题，用英语写一篇短文。讲述一个你最难忘的人或事。要求: 1.请补全题目，如teacher. classmate或trip等:2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校姓名;3.语言表达准确,短文连贯通顺，80词左右。【答案】An unforgettable teacher in my school lifeFor these three years, I regard my English teacher as one of my best teachers. She not only helps me with my English but also cares for me in life. When I first learned English ,I dared not talk in her class becau