从本我自我超我分析道林·格雷的悲剧-本科生毕业论文.docx

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遵义医学院医学与科技学院
本科生毕业论文

中 文 题 目： 从本我、自我、超我分析道林·格雷的悲剧
英 文 题 目： Analysis of the Tragedy of Dorian Gray
from ID, EGO, SUPEREGO
姓 名： 谢 启 佳
院 系： 公 共 教 学 部
专 业： 英 语
年 级： 2012 级
联 系 电 话: 18385034460
E - mail ： 953416983@
指 导 教 师： 熊 静

遵义医学院医学与科技学院教学管理办公室制
2016年 3 月 15 日

遵义医学院医学与科技学院本科学士论文

目 录

摘要（中文） I
摘要（英文） II

前言 1
1.奥斯卡·王尔德与《道林·格雷的画像》 2
1.1简述奥斯卡·王尔德的生平 2
1.2《道林·格雷的画像》的简介 3
2.弗洛伊德人格结构理论 4
2.1人格结构理论之本我的定义 4
2.2人格结构理论之自我的定义 4
2.3人格结构理论之超我的定义 6
3.以人格理论分析道林·格雷的悲剧 7
3.1从本我分析道林·格雷的悲剧 7
3.2从自我分析道林·格雷的悲剧 9
3.3从超我分析道林·格雷的悲剧 10
结论 12
参考文献 13
致谢 14
译文 15
译文原件 20

Contents

ABSTRACT (IN CHINESE) I
ABSTRACT (IN ENGLISH) II

Introduction 1
1. Oscar Wilde and The Picture of Dorian Gray 2
1.1 A brief introduction to Oscar Wilde 2
1.2 A brief introduction to The Picture of Dorian Gray 3
2. Freud’s theory of personality structure 4
2.1 The definition of the ID theory of personality structure 4
2.2 The definition of the EGO theory of personality structure 4
2.3 The definition of the SUPEREGO theory of personality structure 6
3. The theory of personality analysis of Dorian Gray’s tragedy 7
3.1 Analysis of Dorian Gray’s tragedy from ID 7
3.2 Analysis of Dorian Gray’s tragedy from EGO 9
3.3 Analysis of Dorian Gray’s tragedy from SUPEREGO 10
Conclusion 12
Bibliography 13
Acknowledgement 14
Translation 15
Original Text 20

从本我、自我、超我分析道林·格雷的悲剧

摘要
奥斯卡·王尔德，英国唯美主义艺术运动的倡导者。《道林•格雷的画像》作为其唯美主义的代表作，同时也是他唯一一部长篇小说，由于其话题的敏感性，一经出版便引起了巨大的争议。在过去的一个多世纪里，有人将之唾弃，有人替之辩解。一百年后的今天，再次读到这篇小说，人们正试着撕去它被覆盖的面具，还原它真实的面貌。
《道林•格雷的画像》讲述了在维多利亚时代虚伪成风、道德沦丧的背景下，道林•格雷个性由单纯变为世故，灵魂由纯洁转为污秽，最终走向自身毁灭的人生历程。
本论文通过弗洛伊德人格结构理论之本我、自我、超我探讨道林•格雷如何从单纯善良走向堕落，最终毁灭的一生。它包括三个部分：第一部分是对作者及其作品的介绍；第二部分简要概述了弗洛伊德人格理论之本我、自我、超我的定义；第三部分则旨在从本我、自我、超我分析道林•格雷的悲剧。

关键词：本我 自我 超我 道林·格雷 悲剧

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遵义医学院医学与科技学院本科学士论文

Analysis of the Tragedy of Dorian Gray from ID, EGO, SUPEREGO
Abstract
As the advocator of Aesthetic Art Movement in United Kingdom, Oscar Wilde wrote the Portrait of Dorian Gray, which became the masterpiece of aestheticism as his only full-length novel. Due to the sensitivity of the topic, once published, the novel has aroused great controversy. In the past century, it was both spit on and praised by many people. Today, 100 years later, reading this novel once again, people are trying to tear off what was covered by masks in it and to restore its true face.
The Portrait of Dorian Gray tells the story of Dorian under the background of Victorian hypocrisy rife and morality, whose personalities changed from simple to sophisticated, from purity of soul to uncleanness, and ultimately to his own destruction of life.
This thesis looked for answers from Freud's personality theory of the id, ego, superego to explore and discuss how simple kindness falls into eventual destruction of life on Dorian’s case. It consists of three parts: the first part is an introduction to author and his works; the second part is a brief overview of Freud's personality theory of the id, ego, superego; the third part is the author’s exploration and analysis into Dorian Gray’s tragedy under the theory of id, ego and superego.

Key Words: ID EGO SUPEREGO Dorian Gray Tragedy
II

Introduction

The Portrait of Dorian Gray is from United Kingdom famous dramatist and novelist Oscar Wilde's creation in 19th century. At that time the whole United Kingdom insists to the traditional lifestyle, so what people say and do must be consistent with the strict code of social conduct and ethics, otherwise even the slightest off the beaten track will be considered rebellious. Even the principles of art and literature have been abandoned, for art must honor the social norms. In this situation, Oscar Wilde's with his determination to dismantle this yoke, created the aesthetic theory for the arts and other famous works of art.
Based on the structure of Freud's personality theory of the ID, EGO, SUPEREGO, this paper intends to provide a theoretical analysis of the road Dorian Gray has gone through from naive to sophistication, from purity of soul to uncleanness, and of the ID, EGO and SUPEREGO imbalance among the three, self-contradictory, and ultimately the tragedy of his life.
This paper consists of four parts. Introduction is the first part, which introduces the work and the author; the second part describes Freud's theory of personality structure of the ID, EGO, SUPEREGO definition; the third part analyzes the tragedy of Dorian Gray under the theory of ID, EGO and SUPEREGO; the fourth part is a summary of the experiences and lessons.

1. Oscar Wilde and The Picture of Dorian Gray
1.1 A brief introduction to Oscar Wilde
Oscar Wilde (1854 October 16 – November 30, 1900), full name is Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde. Ireland writer, poet, playwright, United Kingdom advocates of aesthetic art movement, is also a brilliant scholar, known for drama and works of fairy tale. He works in the theatre after received the echo from audience, and is certainly on a par with Bernard Shaw in the 19th century can say about him that hasn't already been said. His plays, poems, novels left to posterity many idioms, such as "Happy, is the best revenge." Full of confidence and talent of Oscar Wilde, his sunset is very poor, but his artistic achievements made him the classic artists in the world.
Wilde then showed great talent at early age. He was fluent in French, German, and classical literature. Wilde born in distinguished family in Dublin is the younger son of the family. His father was a surgeon, and his mother was a poet and writer. Wilde excelled in school and won Trinity College of Dublin scholarships. In 1874, he entered Magdalen College, University of Oxford. In Oxford, Oscar Wilde's aesthetic influenced by Walter Pater and John Ruskin, and contact new Hegelian philosophy, Darwinism and Raphaelite’s works, after which he became pioneer writers, established the direction of aestheticism. In 1887 Oscar Wilde became a women's magazine Director. Wilde's works are the words beautiful and novel and is famous for its views, published his first novel The Picture of Dorian Gray in 1891, he published the essay The Soul of Man under Socialism, the two works were very successful, but the real Oscar Wilde won the fame of his dramatic works. There was a time that performing three of his works on the London stage. On May 25, 1895, United Kingdom writer Oscar Wilde for "unethical behavior with other men" and sentenced to two years in prison. In 1900 Oscar Wilde died of meningitis in a Paris hotel, at the age of 46. In 1909, Wilde's body was moved to Pere Lachaise National Cemetery and buried so far.
Oscar Wilde wrote nine fairy tales in his whole life and every article is essence. Fairy tales of his works can be comparable to those, Andersen's fairy tales and Grimm's fairy tales, The Happy Prince and Other Tales, The Pomegranate House. One of the most famous fairy tales for The Giant's Garden, The Happy Prince and The Nightingale and The Red Rose. In Oscar Wilde’s tombstone, he is known as the “wit and dramatist”. But, most embodies Oscar Wilde’s talent, aren’t fairy tales, also are not short stories, but The Picture of Dorian Gray and other novel, and The Lady Windermere's Fan, Salome and other dramatic works, its plays a masterpiece of song.

1.2 A brief introduction to The Picture of Dorian Gray
The picture of Dorian Gray is representative of aestheticism in the late 19th century, called "Art for art's sake". The picture of Dorian Gray tells a young handsome and simple kindness after seeing the painter Basil as he painted a portrait of Dorian Gray, surprising himself is so handsome. He met Basil House Lord Henry Wotton, Lord Henry's life theory attract Dorian Gray a lot, Dorian begins to feel pain for the perishable youth face, says that if he can stay young and to make the portrait grow old, he can surrender his soul. His wishes later miraculously come true.
Dorian Gray met actress Cybil Wayne in theatre. They quickly into love and engagement, but Dorian because Cybil a show let him down, lose face in front of Henry and Basil, rough treatment of Cybil, without any love and affection of the heart. Dorian back home was surprised to find his portrait have changed, his lips of portrait appeared cruel expression. That night Cybil was in despair and suicide because of Dorian coolly leaved her. Dorian is under the "channel" of Lord Henry, there is no heart to lover's death as a romantic story.
Dorian began to go to the dogs by the day. With each of Dorian’s evil deeds make his portrait becomes more and more ugly and hideous, but Dorian's appearance has maintained a youthful beauty. Under the cover of the portrait, Dorian lived a double life. For decades, appears to be pure and innocent appearance, spotless Dorian, but privately he does many despicable fall under business. Many young people because of his appearance envy him near to him and being his friends, lovers. Finally, those who are called friends and lovers are utterly discredited because of Dorian. His friend Basil kindly advised him to forget about the past, start again and do a good man, but Dorian do not listen to Basil and killed Basil coolly after showed the ugly portrait to Basil, then look for Alan Tarbell to destroy Basil showed no humanity.
Brother of Cybil to get even with him after 18 years, but deaths from accidental shootings. Alan Tarbell later shot himself. They do not have the word forests in fear of the secret to the public. The people who know about Dorian are died, but hanging in the portrait in the attic has often reminded Dorian himself committed all sorts of crimes, became a concern. Finally he cannot afford this mental torture and want to destroy records to the sins of his portrait. As he stabbed the portraits of that a moment, which had killed the painter Basil knife, stab into the Dorian his own chest. Lying dead on the floor of Dorian Gray and wizened, mien, hung the portrait on the wall but without change, brilliance as before.
2. Freud’s theory of personality structure
2.1 The definition of the ID theory of personality structure
In the early years of psychoanalysis, the unconscious was an extremely important concept. But since 1923 Freud in The EGO and ID put forward the personality by the ID, EGO and SUPEREGO of hypotheses, unconscious only became a spiritual phenomenon, many previously thought to be the unconscious thing is become Id. It make up with ego and superego being personality. Freud thinks that ID is the earliest and most primitive part, is the biological impulses and desires of stores. ID is based on the "pleasure principle", it desperately seeking satisfaction and pleasure, the happy especially refers to the sexual, physical and emotional. ID is made up of all sorts of instinctual energy, completely in the unconscious level, it is that people are born some fixation in all psychological precipitate in the body, is suppressed, reject from the moment the vitality of the irrational and unconscious, drive and desire, impulse and psychological ability.
ID is the root of instinctive impulse, primitive, unconscious mental completely impersonal level. It is like a full pot of water boiling instincts and desires. It acts in accordance with the pleasure principle, eagerly looking for an outlet, seeking comfort and enjoyment. ID does not ignore social ethics, code of conduct of external, it's only requirement is to be happy, to avoid pain, id’s goal is to seek the comfort of individual survival and reproduction, it is unconscious, is not perceived by individuals.
Freud believed that the infant’s spirit personality entirely belongs to ID. Infant have no sense of shame, all their lives are dominated by desire, whatever the conditions and social morality, were required to meet their aspirations to seek pleasure. He said that kids regardless of the social set, "beast of themselves they let nature take its course." Young children are often not subtly self-interest. But as children grow older and the accumulation of experience, education and custom effects will no longer blindly meet, the ostentatious, differentiate them from the ID.
ID is the unity of human consciousness and the physical body, the overall system of life. The inner origin of the whole people is a copy of my original patterns. Humans themselves, labor practices through self-discovery and creation of maintenance, promote the development of ID. ID’s consciousness and the material as a whole constituted a conscious practice of spiral development processes.
2.2 The definition of the EGO theory of personality structure
EGO known as EGO or self-concept mainly refers to the individuals for their State of awareness is the result of self- evaluation of their role in society. In our experience, aware of everything you own is different from other things and other people, that is EGO, self-consciousness. Everything here says he refers to our body, our physical and mental activities.
EGO is an old popular topic in the study of psychology and psychology's basic problem is "what is man". In ancient times, philosophers cannot distinguishes people's "EGO" from consciousness, as Plato thought "soul" which control the activities of the body, is the human mind, and the control of the soul itself, is man's "EGO". True psychological sense of self concept is from the beginning of James and his "EGO" distinguishes from the sense activity, "EGO" concept in psychology. Since James in 1890 introduced the concept of EGO, psychology research several times rise and fall of the concept of the self. Before there were behaviorism psychology has a strong interest in study of the concept of self, but with the rise of behaviorism, self-concept research gradually neglected. Humanism later appeared, in particular, Rogers, conducted an in-depth study on the self-concept. In the 1980 of the 20th century, the cognitive study to focus on the concept of self. Self-concept received widespread attention, its research, gained popularity. At the time of research on self-concept and recognition, methods, human nature and differences in approach, psychologists have a different understanding of the different schools. Freud thought that "EGO" is the rational part, often in the reality of social life requirements, ethical pursuit of the SUPEREGO and the ID between the pursuit of interests and coordination according to the reality principle contradictions, looking for a qu