2023年雅思作文写作Task2第四课时—观点类.doc

IELTS大作文讲解：agree & disagree/what's your opinion 类作文
学生

面授老师

时间

本次课时
IELTS写作第四课时
教学思绪
1.作文简介、写作技巧
2.实例分析
3.课后作业
教学目的
1. 观点类作文理论分析
2. 掌握此类作文基本特性和写作方法
3. 学习写作思绪，掌握写作套路
讲解重点
题目特点
解题思绪
写作技巧以及范文分析
备考资料
剑桥真题、《雅思写作套路剖析与范例大全》
教学具体内容：
一、 分析雅思写作——观点类理论
1. 题目特点及解题思绪
Ø 题目特点：
Express your opinion about…
（To what extent）do you agree or disagree?
What is your opinion about…?
How do you think about…?
Ø 解题思绪：
这种题的写法较灵活，考生的回答可以是正面的也可以是反面的，还可以从正、反两个方面论述。

2. 写作技巧及知识点
1）开头段
Ø Sentence 1 ：background(general statement)
第一句话：文章的背景（一般的介绍）
Ø 如何写背景句？
一方面，拟定题目讨论哪个方面的问题，然后以这个问题为中心，写一句介绍性的话。
例： Some people who have been successful in the society don’t attribute their success to the theoretical knowledge they learned from their university. Do you agree or disagree?
这个题目讨论的是个人成功或者理论知识，那么就围绕这几个单词写一个陈述句：
开头句一：
People have long been interested in identifying the forces that contribute to personal achievement.
开头句二：
The importance of theoretical knowledge to one’s success is a matter for debate.
考生可以记住一些开头句的句型，比如the importance of…to…is a matter for debate等，并将此运用在不同的题目练习中，这样就可以在考场上迅速写出开头段了。

注：考生在考场上可以按照实际情况自由掌握句子的数量，未必一定要写三句。

Ø Sentence 2: rephrase the topic(thesis statement)
第二句话：改写题目（点名论题）
很多考生在这里容易犯两个错误：一是照抄题目，二是句子过长。解决方法如下：
1、 改写题目，而不是照抄题目。
例：Do you think it is better to send criminals to jail or let them receive education or job training?
很多考生会在开头段第二句把题目照抄上去：some people think that it is better to send criminals to jail or let them receive education or job training.这样的写法不会给考官留下好的印象。考生可以通过下面三种方法来改写题目：
1） 加上常用句型—There is much controversy over whether to send criminals to jails or to let them receive education or job training.
2） 改变句子成分的顺序-- some people think that to send criminals to jails is better than to let them receive education or job training.
3） 改变句子成分—some people think that imprisonment is better than education or job training in treating criminals.
2、 简洁地改写题目，避免累赘，看下面这句话就可以充足理解意思：
Some people think that it can decrease the violent crimes in society, while other people think that it cannot decrease the violent crimes.这半句的后半句是没有必要的，完全可以去掉。假如不去掉，那么在最后一句说明自己观点的时候，累赘的问题就更为明显了，由于考生很有也许再写一句话：I think that it is necessary to curb media violence.假如考官连续看到三句意思相近的话，他尚有心情去给这篇作文一个高分吗？

Ø Sentence 3:personal opinion or brief description of the main body
第三句话：个人立场或者中间主体部分的简朴概述
观点类的文章中，第三句话有两种写法：
l 一种是阐明自己的立场（也就是具体支持或者反对哪一方面）；
支持：As far as I know, its benefits cannot justify its harmful effects.
反对：My personal view is that its benefits cannot justify its harmful effects.
l 另一种是不阐明自己的立场，而只是简朴说文章会讨论什么内容。
不明确表达自己支持哪一方面，二是指明文章会讨论一个事物的两个方面。
There are some points in both sides/This essay will compare and contrast its benefits and downsides.

3. 主体段
每段主体段的结构大体如下：
l 中心句（只写一句）：突出段落的中心思想，用来支持一个论点。
此时，考生需注意两点：
1、 一般来说，最有说服力的观点应放在第一段，第二段的观点次之，第三段的观点最弱。
2、 观点不要“标新立异”。最常见的观点往往是最安全和最有说服力的。假如考生表达一个鲜见的观点，那么久需要有很好的语言能力去清楚解释此观点；假如解释不清楚，就会导致丢分。
l 支持句：拓展、解释和论证中心句的句子（假如主体部分由三段组成，每段要写三句；假如主体部分分由两段组成，每段要写四到五句话）。扩充中心句对于大多数考生是难点。解决该问题有以下方法：
1、解释和说明：解释和说明中心句的意思或因素。
2、延伸中心句并阐述影响：将中心句或解释中心句的句子扩展一下，阐述它的影响。
3、举例：在需要的时候，举例说明，有助于更加形象地叙述事情。
4、分类：当一个中心句有几个分论点支持时，可以将分论点分类说明。
5、对比：描述相反的情形，这在考生实在无法落笔时特别有用。

4. 结论段
结论段一般规定简洁。写结论段时注意不要引入新的内容，也不要发起号召或者抒情和感慨，这是中西方之间的显著差异。西方议论文比较古板和严厉，因此需做到以下三点：
l 重新总结主体部分讨论过的要点；
l 重新阐述你的立场和观点；
l 不要加入新的内容，特别是主体部分没有讨论过的内容。
参考例子：
文中假如有以下三个中心句：
Ø One of the main functions of advertising is to assist consumers to find and buy suitable products.
Ø Meanwhile, advertising serves to stimulate consumption and contributes to economic development.
Ø Despite its importance, there is no denying that every now and then, advertising leads consumers into an impulsive purchase, thereby causing wasteful spending.
那么结论段就可以总结为：
ü In conclusion, advertising plays an essential role in society, not only making consumers well-informed buyers but also fostering economic development. However, consumers should be aware of the misleading nature of advertising,
5. 高分文章四个标准：
l Correctness(对的性)：用词和用句要准确，拼写没有错误。
l Coherence & consistency(一致性)：前后论述要一致，逻辑性好，避免跳跃性思维。
l Cogency(说服性)：观点要有力度，要相应题目。
l Conciseness(简洁性)：句子结构不宜复杂，要清楚地表白观点。
二、 常用句型及模板：
中心句参考句型：
According to my personality and fondness, I would prefer…. rather than…
In my point of view, I like…much more than….
As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on the side of the latter view.
In my opinion, the advantages of ….are more than those of….
To my mind, the advantages far outweigh the drawbacks
As far as I am concerned, this proposal seems a bit absurd and ridiculous.
Personally, I hold that…
I totally agree with this statement, and I will explain why this is the case.
I fully support/agree with the statement that…
As far as I know, its benefits cannot justify its harmful effects.
My personal view is that its benefits cannot justify its harmful effects.
Personally, I side with the former/latter opinion.
Personally, I am in favor of the former point of view.
To be frank, I advocate the argument that…
参考模板：
　　A or B
l 1、The main reason for my propensity for A is that_______________.就理由进行解释_______________.For instance，____________________
　　Another reason can be seen by everyone is that_______________.就理由进行解释___________________For example，____________________
　　The argument I support in the first paragraph is also in a position of advantage because_________________. Although I agree that there may be a couple of advantages of B， I feel that the disadvantages are more obvious。 Such as________________。
　　In a word， ___________So， it is sagacious to support the statement that it is better to A.
l 2、 my point of view， A is as important as B， if not more important than B. So it is sagacious to choose A. Among countless factors which influence A. There are three conspicuous aspects as follows.
　　The above point is certainly true if A is considered。 For example，___________________
　　Another reason why I agree with the above statement is that I believe that A is better than B。 For instance，_______________
　　It would probably not be too kindly disposed to the idea that B is not important 。 B同样有可选之处。
　　In a word， to choose A or B is something of a dilemma to the public because they sometimes are confused by the seemingly good qualities of B, and neglect the genuinely good aspects of A. For the reasons presented above， I strongly commit to the notion that A， but not B。

三、 实例分析
Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
a) 题目分析。
1、 明确题目中关键词university。因此文章中若提到中小学或者公司等其他机构将被视为不相关而被扣分。
2、 题目中提到“in every subject”，因此答案中不能只提到某个学科而将其他学科排除在外。
b) 写作结构。
根据以上讲解理论知识可以鉴定这是属于观点类大作文，并由此拟定写作结构。
文章的格式应当涉及一个引论部分，两到三段主体以及一个结论部分。每一段主体段应当只论述一个主旨。
范文赏析：
首段：
①There has been some debate about the basis on which universities should accept students. ②In particular, the traditional system of accepting students purely on the basis of their grades needs to be re-evaluated. ③In this essay, I would like to point out the benefits of accepting an equal number of male and female students into each university course.
① 改写题目（点名论题）
② 文章的背景（一般的介绍）
③ 个人立场的简朴概述。
主体段一：
① The first benefit is that it would encourage young men and women to consider a wider range of careers. ②Many young people think that certain careers are “for men” or “for women”，whereas a person can actually do any job provided that they get the right qualifications for it and work hard at it. ③Very often, the idea of “men’s jobs” and “women’s jobs” comes from parents and grandparents who are out of touch with today’s job market. ④In this way, our society will develop more slowly than it should because of traditional pre-conceptions. If young women saw more men becoming nurses, they would consider that traditionally female area of work.
② 是本段的中心句。突出段落的中心思想，用来支持一个论点。
③ ③对比：描述相反的情形，对相反观点进行描写。
④延伸中心句并阐述影响：将中心句或解释中心句的句子扩展一下，阐述它的影响。
主体段二：
④ The second benefit is that women would have more rapidly been seen as equal to men. ②At the moment, many women are discouraged from attending university. ③Many people still think that it is better for a young woman to find a well-off husband than to develop his career. ④If men and women were given equal opportunities to develop themselves, and contribute to society, there would be less sexism. ⑤The result would be a society where a person’s gender was less important than their skills and personality.
① 是本段的中心句；
② 对相反观点进行描写；③重点强调自己的观点；
④⑤延伸中心句并阐述影响：将中心句或解释中心句的句子扩展一下，阐述它的影响。
结尾段：
⑤ To conclude, providing an equal number of places in university courses for young men and young women ①would encourage people not to think in stereotypes about what they can and ②cannot do and would lead to sex equality.
①②重新总结主体部分讨论过的要点。

四、 课后练习：
Some people think that spending a lot on holding wedding parties, birthday parties and other celebrations is a waste of money. Others, however, think that these are necessary for individuals and the society.
What is your opinion? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.