谈全科医学的教学团队.pptx

Teaching Family Medicine:Who Should Do it?全科医学教学团体Chris Jenkins,MDFamily Medicine Education InternationalBeijing 谈全科医学的教学团队第1页Program Implementation Overview项目实施概况nTo successfully implement a Curriculum or Program,the developer must ensure:为了成功地实施一个课程或项目，领导者必须确保：Sufficient resources充分资源Political and financial support政治和财政支持Development of effective Administrative strategies of support发展支持有效管理策略nTo be successful a program must have good teachers 取得成功前提是好师资取得成功前提是好师资谈全科医学的教学团队第2页Identification of Resources判定资源nPersonnel 人力人力nTime时间nFacilities设备nFunding/Cost 经费谈全科医学的教学团队第3页Identification/Assess Resources判定/评定资源Personnel 人力资源nFaculty 教职员Adequate numbers 充分数量 Teaching and content skill 教学技巧 Faculty development 教职员得到发展nSecretarial/Other support staff 秘书/其它支持人员Prepare/distribute curricular materials,schedules evaluation tools,etc.准备/分发课程材料，日程表，评定工具等General support of learning activities对于教学活动总体上支持nPatients-adequate numbers and variety 病人-数量充分病种多样谈全科医学的教学团队第4页Identification/Assess Resources Time判定/评定资源 时间时间nFaculty 教职员Preparation/Teaching time准备/教课时间Plan/Administer the curriculum计划/管理课程安排nLearners学习者Scheduled learning activities计划好学习活动Read/Independent Learning阅读/独立学习Clinical rotations 临床轮转nSupport staff 支持工作人员谈全科医学的教学团队第5页Form Follows Function 形式由功效而定n“Family physicians acquire and maintain a broad and varying array of competencies,depending upon the needs of the populations they serve,the communities in which they practice,and the environments in which both they and their patients work and live.”全科医生需要并具备能力范围很宽，会因他们服务人群、从事医疗小区、他们及病人工作生活环境不一样而有很大不一样。谈全科医学的教学团队第6页Looking Into The Future 展望未来nWhat will be the needs of China for health care?中国对于健康照料需求是什么？nWhat does the government perceive your role to be and what are their expectations?政府认为你角色是什么？政府期望是什么？nHow will family practice integrate into the current health care system?全科医学怎样整合到当今医疗体系中？nHow will the Chinese population react to this type of specialist?中国人对这种全科类型专科医生有什么反应？谈全科医学的教学团队第7页Our Role As Family Physicians全科医生角色nBeing able to fulfill all of these roles requires us to have clinical training in settings where patients will find themselves when ill or in need of their doctor:病人生病或需要医生帮助时会去哪些地方，全科医生就需要在那些环境里受过培训以胜任在那个地方工作角色。Out patient department门诊Hospital 医院Intensive Care Unit重症监护病房Operating Room手术室Hospice Unit 临终关心机构Delivery Room分娩室Nursery 婴儿室谈全科医学的教学团队第8页Rural or Urban:Rural or Urban:农村或城市农村或城市Do FP belong only in rural areas?Do FP belong only in rural areas?家庭医生只属于农村地域吗？家庭医生只属于农村地域吗？n nNeeded in Rural areas:villages,towns,small Needed in Rural areas:villages,towns,small citiescities在村、镇、小城市等农村地域需要：在村、镇、小城市等农村地域需要：Not enough specialists to supply all small townsNot enough specialists to supply all small towns 没有足够教授能够为全部小镇提供医疗服务没有足够教授能够为全部小镇提供医疗服务 Not enough demand to support all the other Not enough demand to support all the other specialties specialties 没有那样多对全部专科医疗需求没有那样多对全部专科医疗需求 FP/GP needs to be well trained to handle many FP/GP needs to be well trained to handle many complex problems and procedurescomplex problems and procedures 家庭家庭/全科医生需要得到很好培训以应付很多复杂问全科医生需要得到很好培训以应付很多复杂问题和操作题和操作9 9谈全科医学的教学团队第9页Rural or Urban:Rural or Urban:农村或城市农村或城市Do FP belong only in rural areas?Do FP belong only in rural areas?家庭医生只属于农村地域吗？家庭医生只属于农村地域吗？n nNeeded in Urban/city areasNeeded in Urban/city areas在城市也需要在城市也需要Specialization is one of the reasons FM is Specialization is one of the reasons FM is needed needed 需要家庭医生一个理由是专科化需要家庭医生一个理由是专科化Management of care is even more critical Management of care is even more critical 更为关键是健康照料管理更为关键是健康照料管理Cost controlCost control费用控制费用控制PreventionPrevention预防预防谈全科医学的教学团队第10页Training of the Rural Family Physician培训乡村全科医生nConsider access to medical specialists 考虑到有使用专科医生权利nRemoteness of Practice 实践地点遥远nCompetent,comfortable,and confident in practice 对医疗实践感到能胜任、舒适而且自信nTraining to be more independent:Limited access to medical services 受过训练愈加独立：取得医疗服务受限nWill need added training in surgical,procedural,obstetrical,and emergency skills 需要增加手术、操作、产科和急诊方面培训。谈全科医学的教学团队第11页Preparing Family Physicians for Rural Areas 让全科医生为乡村地域做好预备nBroad Medical Training广泛医学培训nProcedural training in skills that are not easily available 操作培训那些不易得到技能nOverseeing other health-care providers 监督其它医务工作者Nurses,Physician assistants,Nurse practitioners,Public Health personnel 护士、医师助理、执业护士、公卫人员nKnowing when to refer知道何时转诊Knowing your limitations知道你限制Comfortable in your chosen scope of practice 在选定执业范围内感到舒适自信谈全科医学的教学团队第12页Preparing Family Physicians for Larger Cities让全科医生为大城市做好预备nBroad Medical Training广泛医学培训nUnderstanding of how to use medical system resources to the best advantage of the patient了解为了病人利益怎样利用医疗体系资源Trained to know what the rest of the medical system has to offer受过训练知道医疗体系哪些医疗资源能够利用nProcedural training操作技能培训谈全科医学的教学团队第13页Preparing Family Physicians for Larger Cities让全科医生为大城市做好预备nOverseeing other health-care providers 监督其它医务工作者Nurses,Physician assistants,Nurse practitioners,Public Health personnel,etc护士、医师助理、执业护士、公卫人员等nManagement of care given to the patient 管理给予病人健康照料nKnowing when to refer知道何时转诊Knowing your limitations知道你限制Comfortable in your chosen scope of practice在选定执业范围内感到舒适自信Knows what tests,procedures,treatments,paramedical resources are available locally知道当地有哪些化验、手术操作、治疗、医疗辅助资源谈全科医学的教学团队第14页Who should Teach GPs?谁教全科医生？Preparing the Teachers of Family Medicine 准备好全科医学老师nGeneral practice doctors全科医生Specialists in general practice全科医疗中专科医师Need primary care perspective需要有初级保健洞察力Global outlook 整体眼光Practical clinical skills实用临床技能nNot easy to find GP specialists when GP is new全科医疗是新，不轻易找到全科专科医师谈全科医学的教学团队第15页Who should Teach GPs?谁教全科医生？Preparing the Teachers of Family Medicine 准备好全科医学老师nSpecialists专科医师Needed for training in specialty areas 在专科领域需要他们来参加培训Need their expertise需要他们专门技能Need their cooperation需要他们合作Specialists need to understand the need for and role of GP专科医师需要了解全科医生需要和角色谈全科医学的教学团队第16页General Practice Specialist Teachers 全科专科老师nPassion for general practice specialty 热爱全科这个专业nExcellent broad knowledge base 良好广泛知识基础nExcellent clinical skills良好临床技能nExcellent doctor patient relationship skills 良好医患关系技巧nExcellent procedural skills良好手术操作技巧nExcellent teaching ability良好教学能力谈全科医学的教学团队第17页Specialist Teachers专科老师nUnderstand and value the role of GP in the medical system and for patient health了解并重视全科医生在医疗体系及病人健康中作用nRecruited for their teaching ability因他们教学能力而被纳入进全科教学团体nUnderstands the role of the other specialties in preparing new GPs.了解在准备新全科医生时，其它专科医生任务nThey should understand what part of their specialty GPs need to know了解在他们专科范围内全科医生需要知道哪些部分They dont teach everything他们不需要教全部They know the common diseases GPs need to treat他们了解全科医生需要治疗常见病谈全科医学的教学团队第18页Specialist Teachers:Which Ones?专科老师：哪些人？nSpecialists from all the organ system areas that GPs will be responsible for treating全科医生有责任治疗、全部器官系统所包括专科Internal medicine内科Cardiology 心脏病学Pulmonology 肺病学Gastroenterology胃肠病学Hematology血液学Infectious disease感染性疾病Neurology 神经病学Rheumatology风湿病学Endocrinology内分泌学Nephrology神经病学Ophthalmology眼科Otorhinolaryngology 耳鼻喉科Dermatology 皮肤科Others其它谈全科医学的教学团队第19页Specialist Teachers:Which Ones?专科老师：哪些人？nPediatrics儿科医生Cardiology心脏病学Pulmonology肺病学Gastroenterology胃肠病学Dermatology皮肤科Endocrinology内分泌科Otorhinolaryngology耳鼻喉科Neurology神经病学Rheumatology风湿病学Ophthalmology眼科Others其它谈全科医学的教学团队第20页Specialist Teachers:Which Ones?专科老师：哪些人？nSurgical手术Orthopedics骨科General surgery普外科Dermatology皮肤科Obstetrical产科Gynecological妇科谈全科医学的教学团队第21页Specialist Teachers:Which Ones?专科老师：哪些人？nObstetrician Gynecologists妇产科Obstetrics产科Normal pregnancies and deliveries正常妊娠和分娩Ability to recognize high risk pregnancies and consult or transfer care when needed识别高危妊娠，当必要时请求转诊或会诊能力Gynecology妇科Normal and pathological conditions正常和病理情况Infectious感染Surgical手术Menarche初潮Menopause绝经Endocrinological内分泌谈全科医学的教学团队第22页Specialist Teachers:Which Ones?专科老师：哪些人？nBehavioral Medicine行为医学Psychiatry精神病学Psychology心理学Counseling心理咨询谈全科医学的教学团队第23页Paramedical Teachers:Which Ones?医辅专业教师：哪些人？nPharmacists药剂师nTherapists(physical,occupational,speech,others)理疗师（身体，职业，语言及其它）nDieticians营养师nSocial Workers社会工作者nNurse specialists if available护士教授（假如有话）谈全科医学的教学团队第24页Curriculum of Specialist Teachers专科教师课程nCommon diseases in each specialty每个专科中常见病nCommon procedures when practical and needed实用、必需常见操作nCurriculum developed together with primary care faculty and other specialists课程设计由全科教职员和其它专科医师共同完成AAFP and ABFM developed most of their curriculum in cooperation with the other specialties美国家庭医生协会和家庭医学委员会课程安排都是和其它专科医生共同制订What to recognize and treat 认识和治疗什么What procedures to do 做哪些操作What to refer 什么情况下转诊谈全科医学的教学团队第25页CV Requirements心血管专业培训要求谈全科医学的教学团队第26页CV Requirements心血管专业培训要求谈全科医学的教学团队第27页Training Sites of GP and Specialist Teachers全科医生和专科师资培训地点nOutpatient department门诊部nHospital医院nIntensive Care Units重症监护病房nEmergency department急诊科nOld peoples care homes养老院nOccupational medicine职业病学nWherever the specialist practices the trainee should be included 专科医生不论在哪里工作，受训者都应该被包含进来nWherever the GP will practice the GP should be trained;wherever the GP will refer patients the GP should be trained 全科医生将在哪工作就应该在哪里得到培训；全科医生往哪里转诊病人，就应该在哪里得到培训。谈全科医学的教学团队第28页Specialist Teachers专科师资nTreat GP trainees equally with specialty residents平等地对待全科和专科住院医生nTeach GP students with the same positive attitude given to their own specialty trainees用给予本专业住院医生一样正面态度对待全科学生nThey do not withhold information from trainees 他们不会对受培训者保留信息谈全科医学的教学团队第29页Specialist Teachers专科师资nUse modern teaching techniques使用当代教学技巧Lecturing not the most effective method讲课不是最有效方法Active learning more effective主动学习更有效nAllow graduated increase in responsibility and hands on care of patients including procedural skills允许他们负担责任逐步增加，亲自教他们病人照料技巧，包含手术操作技巧。谈全科医学的教学团队第30页A Few Suggestions一点提议nFocus on common things in medical training 在医学培训中关注常见问题nDevelop a passion for what you are doing 燃起对你所做事情热爱nSeek out and recruit(if possible)those students who really want to be family physicians(dont try to fit square pegs into round holes)招募那些真正愿意做全科医生学生。（不要试着把方栓塞进圆孔中）nSeek out and recruit specialists faculty who understand and support the specialty of GP.招募那些了解并支持全科医学专业专科师资nLearn to work with specialists学习与专科医生一起工作nRealize how important you are as family physicians 意识到你作为全科医生有多主要nContinue to focus on the end(your desired product)继续关注结局（你想要产品）谈全科医学的教学团队第31页