中美大学教育对比-商务英语-毕业论文.doc

中国某某某某学校学生毕业设计(论文)题 目： 中美大学教育对比 姓 名 ： 000000000 班级、学号 ： 0000班、0000号 系 (部) ： 经济管理系 专 业 ： 商务英语 指导教师 ： 0000000 开题时间： 2009年4月10日 完成时间： 2009年11月1日 2009年11月1日19目 录毕业设计任务书1毕业设计成绩评定表2答辩申请书3-4正文5-16答辩委员会表决意见17答辩过程记录表18 课 题： 中美大学教育对比 一、 课题(论文)提纲0.引言1.中国大学教育的现状2.中美大学教育差异的原因分析2.1社会环境2.2传统的教育理念3.中美大学教育体制比较3.1不同的课程和专业的设置 3.2不同的课程和专业的选择3.3不同的学业成绩的测试方式4.中美大学教育比较4.1教育哲学4.2教学模式4.3教学方法4.4学习领域5.美国高等大学教育给我们的启示6结论二、内容摘要当今，国际竞争日益激烈，而这种竞争归根到底是人的素质的竞争。从某种情况下，人才的竞争是国家高素质教育的竞争。因此，教育的理念和方法直接影响了高素质人才能力的培养。本文通过对中美两国大学教育在社会环境、文化传统、教育哲学、教育方法、教育模式、学习领域等方面的比较，分析形成两国大学教育的差异的原因，进而找出对中国大学教育改革的启示，美国大学教育的实践能为中国提供借鉴。从而使中国学生变得能够独立生存，适应各种环境，具有独立解决问题的能力，不再高分低能。三、 参考文献1 Den Yanchang . American Society and Culture. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 19882 李泽同，透视美国，北京：对外经贸大学出版社，20033 史静寰，当代美国教育，北京：社会科学文献出版社，20044 苏立昌 ,美国社会与文化，南开大学出版社，20065 余家发，中美高等教育比较南开大学出版社，20026 张文英中美高等教育比较与启示黑龙江高教研究，2005The Contrast of College Education between China and America00000Abstract: Nowadays, the personal quality of talents is critical amid the fierce international competition environment. To some extent, the competition of talents is the competition of national high-quality education. So the ideas and methodology of higher education will affect training effectiveness. This essay attempts to compare university education between China and America in the social environment and cultural tradition and terms of educational philosophy, educational method and learning fields, analyze the reasons for forming educational differences between the two countries, and then propose the enlightenment for Chinese college education reform. Some university educational practices in USA can provide reference for Chinese higher educational reform which intends to bring up more independent, adaptive, innovative, self-initiative Chinese children in todays complex society，and not the high score and few intelligence any more.Key words: University education; specialty; contrast; China; America0. IntroductionEducation is a process of teaching, training and learning, especially in schools or universities, to improve knowledge and develop skills. Education has always been ingrained part of our life. Throughout the history of the United States and China, people have expressed a strong desire for an educated citizenry. Compared with other countries in the world, China and America are the countries which pay great attention to the education.It is clear that studying about differences of university education between China and US has carried out a lot which mainly explained the differences from different aspects of higher education between China and the United States. Such aspects mainly include the social environment and cultural tradition, university education system. In the Integration of these differences, advantages and evils of both educational systems have been evaluated respectively, and corresponding improvement measures were also put forwards. Now more and more Chinese high school students choose to go to the United States to attend college, while speaking of Chinese and America university education, many people would immediately think of these words like exam-oriented education, quality education. However, the public learned about the situation in American education is often fragmented, vague, and the conclusions are often ambiguous or even inconsistent. 1. The status quo of Chinese university educationThrough the rapid expansion and the adoption of competition principles, the universities in China had changed dramatically, but also produced a variety of contradictions.Due to competing with the world, university leaders need to do everything possible to improve the environment. With the rapid economic development, Chinese people have found another looming problem: higher education is relatively backward. Of course, China doesnt lack emphasis on education absolutely. In China, even the most poor and backward place, it also doesnt lose sight of the importance of education. After thousands of years of Confucian thought infiltration and emphasis on education has been integrated into the ordinary Chinese peoples blood. Too many poor parents are willing to pawn their last pants, and also hope that the child can get a good education. However, apart from sighing that “parents love is universal”, can Chinese education take on their ardent hope?Although parents will spend his last one copper to invest the childs education, unfortunately, they are not able to select and affect society, even the whole education system. After all, education is a kind of investment, it has not a good running system. At present, the higher education in our country has entered a popular stage, which is an important milestone in the development of higher education. We have achieved the popularization of higher education in the “quantity” now we should make an effort in the “quality” and then strengthen the higher education. Due to the lack of government investment, naturally, quality is also difficult to ensure. And as the lack of practical ability, students cant be approved by the market; they are out of touch with the needs of the community seriously. The lack of vocational education and the blind expansion of the university education is really an important reason for current employment difficulty of university students. University education has become the most unsustainable consumption. It is not surprising that some rural high school graduates dont want to enroll in college entrance examination. Judging from the current situation of Chinas higher education, there is still a long way to go. Chinas higher education must be based on the old saying “It takes ten years to grow trees but a hundred years to educate people”, I believe Chinese higher education will have a bright future.2. Reasons analysis for differences of Sino-American university education As we know , there are some differences in Sino-American university education. what on earth causes such differences? We will draw a conclusion from analyzing the social environment and cultural traditions.2.1 Social environment The American university is more like a city than a school. The higher education system of the United States is not so much a formal system, but an inform configuration of varied institution. The largest buildings on campus are used not for classrooms but for athletic events. Its structure is complex, it is made more complex both by the numerous purely American innovations. Its universitys organization in five levels: governing board, the present, faculty, administration and staff, and students.The United States is an open society. The societys openness urges the American college to abandon old educational thoughts which European traditional universities stick to, adopt the open policy to absorb all advantages from other countries and establishes a diverse and open education control system which emphasizes on the actual effect. It is the biggest migrant country which has very strong containing nature in the culture. American economy emphasizes on the practical value, matter rewards as well as individual value realization with fast development, rich material life, strong material idea and etc. The American advocates the independent way of life and work. The American owns full creative humanities spirit, the innovation is the forever subject in their brains. They pursue the high-tech and prefer to compete. Contrasting with the young US, China is the great nation with glorious history and cultural traditions. Chinese has the excellent moral of modesty, rigorous and implicit, but also has been over cautious and conservative. Though Chinese economy and technology is quite backward, it has very strong potential development. Therefore, China implements the policy of opening up, abundantly absorbs the benefit and enriches itself.2.2 Traditional education ideaAmerican higher education was considered as the best education in the world. Comparing the elementary education between America and China, peoples universal view will be: Chinas elementary education aims to build the foundation of education with more study and less thought; while USs education aims to build such an education to raise the creativity with less study and more thought. Now Chinese students are generally regarded as talents with few intelligence and high scores. What causes for such a view? Because the Chinese students study more, actually pay little attention to the practice, and cannot study for the purpose of application. Therefore, it is very important for Chinese higher education to cultivate the idea of unifying the study and practice.USs education pays more attention to raise students self-confidence, independence, spirit of supporting oneself, but Chinas education emphasizes on training the students to be more strict, rigorous spirit .Obviously, Chinese education may fruitfully develop and utilize the function of cerebrum, but USs higher education could expand the function of cerebrum by utilizing and synthesizing the information outside.3. Contrast of university education system between China and AmericaThere are great changes in the world , but there are almost no changes in the class teaching in America. We need to learn something good from America. First of all, we should understand the differences in Sino-American education system.3.1 Different establishment of curricula and specialtyThe curriculum for the baccalaureate from a liberal arts college usually requires about four years. The first two years of undergraduate education are often referred to as the lower division, while the last two years of baccalaureate study as the upper division .In many colleges, different administrators supervise the two levels.Each national higher education as economic systems reflection serves for the economy; US education aims to adapt for society demand, they explicitly stipulate three big functions including educations service for the economic development, scientific research and teaching. The manifest of service in the establishment of specialty curriculum is to meet the social need, set up special curriculum and specialty which the society needs; In Chinas universities, during quite long period of time, the establishment of specialty curriculum lacks changes and could not follow social demand. 3.2 Different choice of specialty curricula American education is general education, it allows you to develop freely, and it is the most basic requirements of education. University education is not only to educate a certain skill, but to give you a broad perspective, this is the clear distinction between American education and Chinese education. Before coming to the colleges, Chinese university students had already chosen a specialty. Also, at the first semester, we began to study specialty curricula. Moreover, Chinese university courses, specialty curricula (including core courses and related courses) at least account for over 60% of the total number of courses. While there is no professional distinction when entering the university in America, but they have to learn some of the public courses according to certain requirements. After a broader education, the students can be able more clearly to understand themselves, the society and even to understand the connotation of the various disciplines.Therefore, students have the opportunity to choose the specialty they are interested in until the third year, and generally there will be an academic adviser to guidethe students. After determining the specialty, the students began to study the courses. However, the proportion of Professional courses in all courses does not exceed 1 / 3 in general. Therefore, it is conceivable that American students have a significant advantage in the knowledge width, balance aspects. Basic historical, cultural and philosophical education can at least ensure that graduates are the people with basic modern citizenship spirit. While studying in the wide range of different areas and not involving in-depth, making graduates to maintain interest in science, so it is a good stepping-stone for higher education of postgraduate.So in order to adapt the society, the American universities have established many specialties and curriculum for students; the students choose or transform specialties and schools according to their own interests and hobbies. The American higher education system is extremely diverse and flexible, which is solo in the world higher education. In China, the student may choose the specialty according to his own interest and hobby, but change of specialty in the school is not easy, and transformation of school is more difficult. 3.3 Different styles of inspecting students results Compared with China, the American style of education is quite informal. Actually, casual class atmosphere often amazes international students .American teachers encourage students to think for themselves. Instead of grading students only on test scores in China, American teacher evaluate papers, group projects and class participation, as well. Students often have to think creatively to solve problems not just memorize materials to find their own answers. In this way, it illustrates the American emphasis on individual responsibility.When American school inspects the result of student, they emphasize more on the ability to analyze and solve the question but not the ability of memory or description. The American students dont need the mechanical memorizing, but display creative thought as far as possible; This can cultivate students study interest, raise the ability of doing it by self and make the study be one kind of creative action. Many teachers still adopted old teaching ways in the Chinese universities, thus take a test which needs mechanical memorizing.4. Contrast of university education between China and AmericaThere are too many differences in Sino-American university education, we will discuss from the following four parts. And have a good understanding about the differences.4.1 Educational philosophyIn the past 50 years, American universities, secondary schools are conditioned by Deweys educational philosophy , the main task of school education is to promote the full development of students in nature, rather than instilling knowledge to students; students should be an active participant in the teaching, rather than a passive recipients of knowledge .Under the influence of Deweys educational philosop