资源描述
采矿工程专业英语词汇手册
(Glossary of Special English in Mining Engineering )
采矿工程专业内部讲义
三月
Content
Chapter 3 .1 Mining method…………..……………………………………….………..……2
Chapter 3.2 Mine preplanning…………………………………………………………..……3
Chapter3.3 Mine development…………………………………………………………….…4
Chapter 4.1 Wall mining introduction…………………………………………………………5
Chapter 4.2 Ground control aspects ….. ………………………………………………………6
Chapter 4.3 Roof support system ….………………………………………………………..…7
Chapter 4.4 Longwall coal-getting machine……………………………………………………8
Chapter 4.5 Convey system…………………………………………………………………..8
Chapter 4.6 Mine Vetilation………………………………………………………..………....10
Chapter 5 Pillaring system..........……………………………………………………………....11
Chapter 6 Roadway excavation and support……………………………………………....…...12
Chapter 7 Novel methods of mining…………………………………………………..……....16
Chapter 3 .1 Mining method
mining method 采矿方法;
mining operation 采矿作业;
transportation 运送;
ventilation 通风;
ground control 顶板管理;
the cost of per ton of coal 吨煤成本;
recovery 回采率;
subside v. àsubsidence n.地表沉陷;
subsidence control 地表沉陷控制
cover 覆盖层;
overburden 上覆地层;
immediate roof 直接顶;
floor 底板;
dip (Pitch) 倾角;
hardness 硬度;
strength 强度;
cleavage 解理;
gas,methane 瓦斯
daily operation 平常工作
single operation 单一工序
unit operation 单元作业
auxiliary operation辅助作业
cutting n. 切割,掏槽;
blasting n. 爆破
loading n. 装煤
haul v. 运送,搬运
drainage n.排水
power n. 动力 power Supply 动力供应
communication n. 通讯
lighting n.照明。
disruption in production 停产;
reduction in production 减产;
compromise 折衷
room and pillar 房柱式
by far 到目前为止
in common with … 和…同样
underground mining 井工开采
outcrop 露头,露出地面的岩层;
crosscut 联络巷、石门;
drift 平硐;
entry 平巷;
development stage 开拓阶段;
production stage 生产阶段;
face 工作面。
continuous miner 连续采煤机;
haulage capacity 运送能力;
main entry 主巷。
barrier pillar 隔离煤柱;
butt entry 区段平巷;
property line 矿井边界线。
shearer 滚筒采煤机
planer,Plow 刨煤机
surface mining 露天开采
auger mining 螺旋钻开采
rapid excavation 快速掘进
hydraulic mining 水力采矿
underground gasification 地下气化
ocean mining 海洋采矿
Chapter 3 .2 Mine Preplanning
Hercules【希、罗神】赫尔克里斯, 大力神--> Herculean, adj. 力气极大的;需要大力气的。herculean effort 巨大的努力
inadequacy n.局限性,缺少。
transportation facility 运送设备
inflationary adj. 通货膨胀的,通货膨胀引起的<--inflation n.胀大, 通货膨胀, (物价)暴涨<--inflate v 膨胀,充气。
inflationary process 通货膨胀过程
drive up 抬高,提高 drive into 掘进到…
be faced with 面临
monumental adj. [用以加强语气]非常的, 极端的<--monument n.纪念碑
coal reserve 煤炭储量
electromechanical adj. 机电的 ß electro(电子的)+mechanical(机械的)
electromechanical mine operation 矿井机电作业
staff v. 雇用,聘用
season v 合用,适应
coordinate n. 坐标。v. (使)互相配合,(使)协调, 调整。
a multitude(n. 多数,多量) of 大量
capital investment 基本建设投资。
foremost 最重要的,最重要的,
1Billion = 1,000,000,000 即10亿。
Mt metric ton 公吨。
453.5Mt = 500 million tonsè 0.907Mt = 1 million ton
put into operation 投产,投入使用
raise 筹集
the life of the property 矿产/井的使用年限。
commercial value 市场价值,商业价值。
for convenience 为了方便其见
minability 可采性
marketability 适销性,可销性
coal reserve 煤矿
nominal,名义上的,极小的。
option 买卖选择权,优先购买权
enter upon 开始
preliminary examination 初步调查
operating mine 生产矿井
to the extent that 达成这种限度以致... ;就...来说;在...方面来说;
adjacent to 邻近的
surface topography 地面地形,表面地形
coalfield 煤田
measure 层组
coal-bearing measure含煤地层
feature 特性;地貌。
structural feature 构造特性
surface improvement 地面上的改造
tilled area 耕地
reservoir 水库
power line 电力线,输电线
reservation n.保存地;自然保护区
on record n.留有记录的,记录在案的
preferred 优先 〔选用〕的,首选的
traverse 导线。
traverse with compass 罗盘定位。
system surveying 系统测量
sampling 采样
have a bearing on 对…有影响,与...有关
available 有效的,可用的
pricing schedule 定价方案
preparation treatment 洗选加工
selective adj.有选择性的,选择的
a master plan of operation 总体生产计划。
serve as 用作,作为,起到…作用。
basis 基础,根据,依据
since 引导因素状语从句
justify 调整,证明,证明…是对的的,
prospecting 勘探
drilling pattern 钻孔布置,钻孔图式
basic map 底图,基本地图
log sheet 钻孔柱状图
tabular adj. <==table
tabular record 表格记录
operating management经营管理部门,经营管理
life expectancy 预期使用年限,使用寿命
delivery of supplies 材料供应
estimate of the cost 成本估计
sales department 销售部
Chapter 3.3 Mine development
portal 井筒
expected life of the mine 矿井的设计使用年限
rail haulage 轨道运送
as well as 即…又…
be of +n. 具有…(性质)
drift 平硐
shaft 立井,竖井
slope 斜井
main shaft主立井
auxiliary shaft 副立井
air shaft风井
transfer house 中转煤仓
headframe 井架
hoist house 提高机房,绞车房
skip 箕斗
cage 罐笼
car dump 卸煤设备
storage bin 井底煤仓
deplete 耗尽、衰竭
whether…or…是…还是…
pressure drop 压降
net effect 净效应,有效效应,实际结果
capital cost 基建费用
Chapter 4.1 Walling system introduction
working face 工作面
coalface:采煤工作面
interconnection:切眼
panel entry:区段平巷
gate entry:工作面顺槽
head gate:区段皮带巷,运送巷
tail gate:区段轨道巷,回风巷
headentry:工作面运送巷(下顺槽)
tailentry:工作面回风巷(上顺槽)
bleeder entry:区段回风巷
cross-cut:联络巷
gob, goaf:采空区
end:端头
Longwall mining 长壁采矿法
Shortwall mining 短壁采矿法
pillar system. 柱式系统
longwall mining on strike 走向长壁采煤方法
mining in advance / wall advancing mining 前进式采煤方法
mining in retreat / wall retreating mining 后退式采煤方法
inclined longwall mining 倾斜长壁开采
underhand mining 俯采
overhand mining 仰采
Coal mining machine, coal-getting machine 采煤机;
Shearer,滚筒采煤机
Plow,planer 刨煤机
Face conveyor 工作面运送机
Pan line,”溜子”
Chain conveyor 链式运送机
Scraper chain conveyor 刮板输送机
Armored chain conveyor 铠装运送机
Roof support system:顶板支护系统
Friction props:摩擦支柱
Friction metal props:摩擦支柱
Hydraulic prop:液压支柱
Single/Individual hydraulic prop 单体液压支柱
Hydraulic powered self-advanced support:液压自移式支架
roof support 顶板支架
stage loader:转载机
panel belt conveyor 区段皮带运送机
electrical control 电力控制装置/设备
hydraulic pump 液压泵站
blast mining technology 爆破采煤工艺
conventionally mechanized mining technology 普通机械化采煤
fully mechanized mining technology 综合机械化采煤
fully mechanized mining with sublevel caving technology 综采放顶煤方法
Chapter 4.2 Ground control
工作面周边地层:
Overlying strata 上覆地层:
Main roof 老顶,基本顶
Immediate roof 直接顶
Gob采空区--Face—rib(煤壁)
Floor 底板
Underlying strata下伏地层
Ground control顶板解决方式:
(1)Caving;
(2)Pack。
Stable 切口,机窝
dead work 准备工作,非生产性工作。
Mobile belt conveyor 可移式胶带运送机
No exception 无一例外
regular maintenance n.平常修理,定期检修
Downtime 停工期(由于损坏、修理等因素导致的停机时间),停工时间,停机时间
Clearance 空隙
Immediate area of the face:工作面的直接区域
Rib line 煤壁线,腰线
heading 掘进头,平巷
up to dip 沿倾斜上行
Compression strength 压缩强度
Underlying strata 下伏地层
bed separation 离层
On strike 沿走向
Rad = radian,弧度
Cleat 解理
Hold true 有效,合用
Half butt cutting 半垂直切割
Angle of attack 冲角
virgin conditions 原始条件;
Harder roof strata
Softer coal seam――uniformly distributed stress,the overburden weight
Harder floor strata
induced by mining 采动引起的
Stress distribution 应力分布
Deflect 偏斜,偏转,挠曲,下垂
Cave in 冒顶,垮落
Front abutment pressure 前方支承压力
Side abutment pressure 侧向支承压力
Rear abutment pressure 后方支承压力
前方支承压力:
分布范围:
150m first felt/occur出现,有反映,有感应;
45-60m pick up slightly略有增长,略有加速;
15-21m increase rapidly迅速增长;
1.5-5m支承压力峰值 peak abutment pressure
magnitude of the peak abutment pressure峰值大小:1.5-5 overburdern weight
后方压力:vertical pressure
face area:far below the cover load
gob area:gradually increase
at last:the cover load
范围:0.3-0.4 the overburden thickness.
No abutment pressure
Side abutment
First felt:At the same time as the front abutment pressure
范围:from the rib to 1/3 or 1/4 h
largest at the ribside, decrease exponentially with distance from rib
position of peak pressure:0.015h
Magnitude depend on the thickness and length of the immediate roof hanging in the gob.
Gob area 采空区
稳定--àslip, sag, separate--àcave in
Face area 工作面区
Support the immediate roof
Solid coal 实体煤
Chapter 4 .3 Roof support system
Face-to-gob distance 控顶距,工作面到采空区的距离。
Yield pressure 屈服压力
support resistance 支架阻力
Face-to-tip distance 端面距
Precut 预切割
Frames 节式支架
Stroke 行程
Chock support 垛式支架
Double-acting ram 双作用千斤顶
Web cut 截深
Shields 掩护式支架
Double link 双键
Lemniscates 双纽线,四联杆
Roof canopy 顶梁
Chock-Shield支撑掩护式支架
leg,prop 立柱
canopy 顶梁
forward canopy 前梁
rear canopy 尾梁
caving shield 掩护梁
flipper,spauling shield 护帮板
slider, jack board 插板
ram ,cylinder,jack 千斤顶
hose 油管
emulsion 乳化液
valve 阀
support yielding 支架卸载
Chapter 4.4 Longwall coal-getting machine
miner,mining machine 采煤机
continuous miner 连续采煤机
shearer 滚筒采煤机
motor 电动机、马达
electric motor 电机
haulage gearcase 牵引部
gearhead 传动部
cutter drum gearcase 滚筒截割部
bedplate 底盘、底座
control unit 控制装置
chain 链条
reducing gear box 减速箱
pillboard 挡煤板
cowl 挡煤板
bit 截齿
drum 滚筒
ranging-arm 摇臂
gear 齿轮
track 轨道
gear track 齿轨
gearcase n.齿轮箱
Rotor 转子
Chapter 4.5 Conveying system
flexible flight conveyor / face chain conveyor 工作面可弯曲刮板输送机
main components 重要部件
drive head机头部
electric motor电动机
Hydraulic coupling液力联轴器
speed reducer减速器
chain wheel / sprocket链轮
drive head frame机头架
middle sections中间部
line pan溜槽
flight / scraper刮板
link chain刮板链 endless chain无极链
机尾部 tail end
机尾架 Drive end frame
链轮 sprocket
附属装置 auxiliary drives/units
挡煤板 spillboard / spill plate (cowl 罩,外壳)
铲煤板 ramp plate
千斤顶 jack
chain drive链式传动:
classification according to chain arrangement
双边链 double strand outboard chain
三链 triple strand chain
单中链 single middle chain
双中链 double middle chain
新型刮板输送机
侧卸式 side-loading fight conveyor
垂直转弯式 roller-curve fight conveyor
转载机Transfer conveyor
A short heavy flexible flight conveyor
桥式转载机 (bridge ) stage loader
区段皮带输送机
Main components
皮带 belt
托辊 roller 支撑托辊 supporting roller
机架 frame
传动装置 drive unit
电动机 electric motor
联轴器 coupling
减速器 speed reducer
滚筒 drum
① 卸载滚筒 unloaded drum
② 机尾导向滚筒 tail guide drum
③ 拉紧滚筒 take-up drum
④ 机尾导向滚筒guide drum
拉紧装置 take-up units
制动装置Braking devices
采区运送系统:
上山 rise
下山 dip
Dip angle ≤15° belt conveyor
15°<Dip angle≤25° chain conveyor
Dip angle>25° ceramic conveyor
水平运送系统
水平运送大巷 horizontal haulage entry
belt conveyor
矿车 trolley wagons
机车 locomotive
电力机车 trolley locomotive
蓄电池机车 battery locomotive
矿车 wagon
固定箱式矿车Fixed box wagon
Tipping bucket wagon
Front unloading wagon
底卸式矿车Bottom-dump wagon
立井提高系统
矿井提高系统Mine hoist system
提高机Engine hoist
钢丝绳 wire rope
天轮 head sheave(n.滑轮)
箕斗 skip
辅助运送 auxiliary transportation
Transportation of material, equipment, waste and personnel 材料、设备、矸石、人员
副井Auxiliary shaft
Similar to main shaft
罐笼Cage――hoist container
斜井Slope
In the slope, material and equipment are usually transported by direct rope hoist and endless rope hoist. While the waste is transported by skip and train according to the dip angle. The personnel are transported by a special man-car in the slope.
水平运送大巷 horizontal haulage entry
Electric locomotive haul the wagons to transport material, equipment, waste.
Electric locomotive haul the special man-cars to transport miners.
采区上下山 district rise and dip
1)有极绳提高Direct rope hoist
dip angle:8-22
钢丝绳的一端与矿车相连,通过绞车(winch)放出和收回。
2)无极绳提高Endless rope hoist
dip angle:≤10
区段运送
Tail entry:wagons + wire rope
Overhead monorail 单轨吊
Overhead endless rope hoist
Transfer conveyor 转载运送机
Stage loader 桥式转载机
Roller curve conveyor 滚轴转弯运送机
Chapter 4.6 Ventilation system
风机:Ventilation fan
回风井:Return shaft
进风井:Intake shaft
Working face
Intake working
回风巷道:Return roadway
新鲜风:Fresh air
Air flow
乏风:Dirty air
回风系统:
抽出式通风:Exhaust ventilation
负压 negative pressure
压入式通风:Forced ventilation
正压 Positive pressure
风机类型:
离心式风机:Centrifugal fan;
轴流式风机:Axial flow fan。
通风设施:Ventilating structures
风墙:Ventilation wall
风门:Air door
风桥:Air bridge
Air regulator
防尘、灭尘:Dust suppression
water spray 洒水,mist spray 喷雾
固定滚筒双向截割采煤机 fixed-drum bi-directional shearer
单滚筒可调高采煤机 single-drum ranging-arm shearer
双滚筒可调高采煤机 double-dram ranging-arm shearer
矿井瓦斯:mine gas
瓦斯:gas,methane,firedamp
All hazardous gases in underground coal mines, its major component is CH4.
Colorless, odorless, nonpoisonous, Combustible.
Its density is less than that of the air, so it often accumulates near the roof.
Gas/methane control瓦斯控制
Gassy mine 高瓦斯矿井
Chapter 5 Pillar system
Two distinct phases of operation:
First rooms and pillars are developed in a section.
The second is mining pillars.
Two basic mining methods:
Conventional mining method.普通采煤方法
Cutting 掏槽 at the bottom of the coal seam a horizontal slot is 6-9 inch, 5-7feet deep
Drilling 钻眼 the optimum number and location of boreholes coal fragments after blasting neither too big nor too small for efficient loading.
Blasting 爆破 explosives are loaded into each borehole and detonated n.起爆
Loading 装煤 shuttle caràsection belt conveyor. Two shuttle cars are used.
roof bolting 顶板锚杆支护
为了充足发挥设备和人员的能力,至少同时掘进5个平行的巷道。
由于生产环节多、分散,逐渐被连续采煤方法取代。
Continuous mining method.连续采煤方法
I continuous miner + shuttle car 连续采煤机+梭车工艺
+ section belt conveyor + roof bolting
间断运送工艺
II continuous miner + (intermediate) conveyors 连续采煤机+输送机工艺
+ section belt conveyor + roof bolting
连续的运送工艺
Pillar recovery 回收煤柱
There are three methods of extracting pillars, open-end method, pocket and wing method and splitting method.
open-end method 开端式
pocket and wing method 袋翼式
splitting 劈柱式
pillaràblocksàlifts/slices 煤柱――块――切块
Coal property 煤矿
Area 盘区
Set of entries 巷道群
Engineer vt.设计
Slough 脱落,剥落,碎落;崩落,坍塌,滑坍
Crush 压碎
A function of 是…的函数,随…而变。
Relative strength 相对强度
Clearance 净空
Block of coal
Room work
Cutting consequence 切割顺序
Face mining cycle 工作面开采循环
Mining practice 开采
Colloquial [ kE5lEukwiEl ] adj.口语的, 通俗的
Dictate 规定,制定
Outline 形成…轮廓
Incorporate … as …
Ample 充足的,丰富的
solid work
chain pillar 巷道煤柱
lessen 减少,减轻
lift 小煤块、
slice 切块
physical condition n.实际条件
post 柱子,支柱
stump 煤柱
slab 平板
fender 煤柱,窄煤柱
hand loading 人工装载
common practice 惯例
concurrently n.同时发生地,并行地
in place 就地,原地;在地层内
ride over 骑马来,跨在…上
masonry n.砖石工程,砖石建筑 砌筑。
Masonry stopping 砌筑风墙
Canvas stopping 帆布风帘
Line Brattice 纵向风障
Loading station 装车点
Chapter 6 Roadway excavation and support
1 Roadway section巷道断面
掘进 drive, tunnel, excavate
平巷掘进Drifting
巷道掘进 roadway excavation
平巷掘进 n. drifting
沉井,凿井 n. sinking
上山掘进 n. raising
下山掘进 n.
1)The shape of roadway section断面形状
巷道断面形状重要取决于地层条件、服务年限和支护材料。
The shape of roadway section depends mainly on strata conditions,the serving life and supporting materials.
井筒Shaft , circular
大巷Main entry , arched, horseshoe
上山 rise, ladder-shaped, trapezoidal
顺槽Gateway , ladder-shaped, trapezoidal
2)The size of roadway section断面尺寸
巷道断面尺寸重要取决于巷道的用途。
The size of roadway section depends mainly on its use.
它取决于运送或提高设备或其它设备的尺寸,还要根据通风规定对巷道断面尺寸加以修改。
It is dependent on haulage or hoisting equipment or other devices used,and it is modified according to the ventilation requirement.
净宽,net width;净高 net height;净断面面积 net section area。
2 Roadway excavation in rocks岩巷掘进
炮掘,爆破掘进:blasting excavation
装岩,除渣:mucking
掘进工艺涉及重要作业和辅助作业
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