音标讲义(整理版).doc

新旧英语国际音标对照表
Vowels
元音
新
i:
І
e
æ
З:
ə
Λ
u:
ʊ
ɔ:
旧
i:
i
e
æ
ə:
ə
Λ
u:
u
ɔ:
新
ɒ
ɑ:
eI
aI
ɔI
əʊ
aʊ
Iə
eə
ʊə
旧
ɔ
ɑ:
ei
ai
ɔi
əu
au
iə
εə
uə

Consonants
辅音
无变化
p
b
t
d
k
g
f
v
s
z
ϑ
ð
m
n
ŋ
l
r
h
w
j
∫
ʒ
t∫
dʒ
tr
dr
ts
dz

14
音标整理讲义-
英语国际音标表（48个）

元音（20个）
长元音 /ɑ:/ /ɔ:/ /ɜ:/ /i:/ /u:/
class door her tea lose
短元音 /ʌ/ /ɒ/ /ə/ /ɪ/ /ʊ/
love lock teacher it book
/e/ /æ/
leg bag
/eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/
late like boy
双元音 /ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/
here bear hour
/əʊ/ /aʊ/
No house

辅音（28个）
轻辅音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/
park it look wife think small
浊辅音 /b/ /d/  /g/ /v/ /ð/  /z/
bike dive glass live mother whose
轻辅音 /ʃ/ /h/ /ts/ /tʃ/ /tr/ 
ship hard chair tree
浊辅音 /ʒ/ /r/  /dz/  /dʒ/ /dr/ 
pleasure red age dress
鼻音 /m/ /n/  /ŋ/ 
moon thank
半元音 /j/ /w/
Yes wide
边音 /ǀ/
table
元音音素可分单元音和双元音两大类。单元音又可分为前元音，央元音和后元音。
单元音：发音时舌位、唇形、开口度始终不变的元音音素，英语中单元音共12个。
双元音：两个单元音混合在一起的元音因素，英语中双元音共8个。
元音音素——单元音
第一节 前元音
/i:/ /i/
Part 1发音秘诀
牙床：上下齿分开，距离能容纳一根火柴。
舌位：舌部及下颚肌肉紧张，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向硬腭尽量抬起。
唇形：上下唇微开，口型扁平。
发音长短：发音时要尽量拉长，让它超过两秒，就像古人喝醉酒以后饮食的感觉。
小提示：嘴角尽量往两边拉，像微笑的样子，所以说英语国家的人拍照喜欢说“cheese”
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
e be /bi:/ me /mi:/ he /hi;/ evening/i:vning/ she /ʃi:/
ea tea /ti:/ sea /si:/ seat/si:t/ easy /i:zi/ eat /i:t/
ee see /si:/ feet /fi:t/ cheese /tfi:z/ teeth /ti:θ/ green /gri:n/
ie thief /θi:f/ piece /pi:s/ niece /ni:s/侄女
ey key /ki:/
Part 3: Try to Read
sheep leave please dream speak secret Chinese bee read
Part 4精品句练习
There’s a bee in the tree.
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
The Chinese is a great people.
/i/ /I/
Part 1发音秘诀
牙床：上下齿分开，距离能容纳一个小指尖。
舌位：舌尖抵下齿，舌向硬腭抬起，但舌位比/i:/稍低、稍后。
唇形：上下唇微开，口型扁平。
口腔肌肉：舌部及下颚肌肉比/i:/松弛。
发音长短：短。
小提示：发好这个的秘诀是一定要收小腹。
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
e pretty reply repair remember
i sit history little miss
u busy business
y marry January
ey monkey money
Part 3 Try to Read
English gift guitar ticket difficult chick hill ticket
Part 4精品句练习
I want to have a ticket to the moon.
She is always as busy as a bee.
I’m sick of this weather.
This guitar is cool. I love it.

/e/
Part 1发音秘诀
牙床：上下齿分开，距离能容纳一个中指。
舌位：舌尖抵下齿，舌部稍微抬起，舌位比短衣音/i/低。
唇形：嘴唇向两边微分，比短衣音/i/少松开，口型扁平。
发音长短：短元音，急促。
小提示：发音时下巴逐渐向下移动，直至上下嘴唇张开的角度大约呈45度，同时发出声音。
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
a any anybody
e desk very American bed
ea bread dead ready health
ai said
Part 3 Try to Read
Respect parent sweater friend bell never friend
head elephant forget better rest
Part 4 精品句练习
More jelly, please.再要点果冻。
Make the bed yourself. 自己把床铺好。
Never let your parents down. 永远不要让父母失望！
We have a test next Wednesday. I’d better study.

/æ/
Part 1发音秘诀
牙床：介于开和半开之间，上下齿距离能容纳食指加中指尖。
舌位：舌尖轻触下齿，舌前部微微抬起，但舌位比/e/低，发音时逐渐压低舌头和下颚，尽可能夸张。
唇形：双唇向两边平伸，张开嘴，嘴唇放松。
小提示：越夸张越到位，美国味越浓。
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
a flag black plan fat chat
Part 3 Try to Read
map glad cap（cape/keip/披风,斗篷） catch back passion hand
handsome /hænsəm/(same/seim/ some/sʌm səm/) laugh happy family
Part 4 精品句练习
Catch you latter.
He’s a handsome man.
Can you give me a hand? 可以帮下忙吗？
The fat cat大腕has a backpack.
第二节 中元音（央元音）
/ə:/
Part 1发音秘诀
牙床：介于开和半开之间。
舌位：舌端离下齿，舌尖轻触下齿，舌中部微微抬起，舌位介于低和中低之间，整个舌身在口腔里处于低平状态。
唇形：双唇扁平。
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
er her herself nervous mermaid/mə:meid/美人鱼
ir birthday third skirt birdcage鸟笼
or word work world worm
ur turn hurt fur purse
ear earth learn early
Part 3 Try to Read
Thursday shirt perfume bird turtle dirty first nurse
Part 4精品句练习
She bought a small bottle of French perfume.
The turtle can’t bear the bird.
Girls love skirts.
The earth is our home. We should care about her.

/ə/
Part 1发音秘诀
牙床：半合，与/ə:/类似。
舌位：舌端离下齿，舌中部微微抬起，舌位中低。
唇形：嘴唇少松开，口型略扁平。
发音长短：短一点，弱一点。
小提示：带r出现在词尾时常卷舌。
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
a ago breakfast/brekfəst/（break/breik/） arrive sofa/səufə/
e open happen/hæpen/
o collect computer
or inventor actor
er letter order sweater/swetə/ ruler
our color
ure picture nature/neitʃə/
Part 3 Try to Read
water/wɔ:tə/ mother doctor Saturday/sætədi/ matter better aboard workers
banana/bəna:nə/ panda paper moment the breakfast future dinner cinema/sinəmə/ potato
Part 4精品句练习
See you on Saturday.
What’s the matter with you?
My mother is the best in the world!
You’d better drink more water.
Let’s go to the cinema.
Would you please open the door?
The policeman is a hero.
/ʌ/
Part 1发音秘诀
牙床：介于开和半开之间。
舌位：舌端离下齿，舌尖轻触下齿，舌中部微微抬起，舌位介于低和中低之间，整个舌身在口腔里处于低平状态。
唇形：双唇扁平。
短促。
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
o love come mother money
u must lunch lucky under
oo blood flood
ou country enough touch cousin
Part 3 Try to Read
cup sun run bus butterfly hurry study enough
monkey flood touch
Part 4精品句练习
Amy goes to school by bus every day.
Don’t touch the machine. It’s dangerous.
I study English just for fun.我学英语只是为了好玩
Monkeys like to run and jump.
第三节 后元音
/ɑ：/
Part 1发音秘诀
口张大，舌舌头压低后缩，舌尖不抵下齿。
长元音，发音不要太短，长度比短元音长两倍多，发音时声带振动。就像汉语中发“啊”一样。
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
a father after fast class
ar card farm party bar (卷舌)
al half calm
au aunt laugh
Part 3 Try to Read
glass water March parking arm ask car
Part 4精品句练习
The farm seems so far in the darkness.
He who laughs last laughs best.
They can’t start the party until dark.
The park is far from the farm.

/ɔ:/
Part 1发音秘诀
舌后伸，舌后部抬起，舌尖不抵下齿。
双唇呈中圆形，并向前突出。
长元音，发音时声带振动。就像汉语中发“喔”一样。
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
al walk talk call wall
or forty corn sport morning（卷舌）
au fault autumn
aw paw（爪子） law
ar war quarter（卷舌）
oor floor（卷舌）
our fourth pour（卷舌）
augh daughter
ough bought
Part 3 Try to Read
horse ball door your short floor story four story short born more
Part 4精品句练习
Open the door, please.
The short daughter is reading books.
I saw forty horses.

/ɔ/
Part 1发音秘诀
口自然张开，舌后伸，舌后部抬起比/ɔ:/略低。
双唇呈中圆口形，比发/ɔ:/时稍大，向前微伸，不要太突出。
短元音，发音时声带振动。短促有力。
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
a want watch wash quarrel
o song pot job body
Part 3 Try to Read
box stop cock lot frog fox hot dog pot
holiday/hɔlədi/ knock
Part 4精品句练习
Thanks a lot.
He lost his wallet and his job.
He got a job at a coffee shop.

/u:/
Part 1发音秘诀
舌后伸，舌后部向软腭高高抬起。
双唇呈小圆口形，并向前突出。
长元音，发音时声带振动肌肉始终保持紧张状态。就像汉语中发“乌”一样。
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
o move shoe do whose
u ruler June
oo school tooth noon noodle
ui fruit juice
ou group you soup/s u:p/汤 soap/səup/肥皂 香皂（fancy soap toilet soap）
ew drew grew
Part 3 Try to Read
Goose pool zoo cool blue food
Part 4精品句练习
What can I do for you?
It is very cool in the zoo.

/u/
Part 1发音秘诀
舌后伸，舌后部向软腭高高抬起,但比/u:/略低。
双唇收圆，稍向前突出。
短元音，发音时声带振动，肌肉尽量放松。
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
u pull push sugar butcher屠夫
oo foot stood bookshop classroom
ou should could
Part 3 Try to Read
put full look woman cook book wood
Part 4精品句练习
Look before you leap.三思而行
Should we put some sugar in the milk?
That’s a good question.

第四章 元音音素——双元音
双元音：两个单元音混合在一起的元音因素，英语中双元音共8个
/ei/ /ai/ /əu/ /au/ /ɔi/ /iə/ /eə/ /uə/
第一节 合口双元音
/ei/
Part 1发音秘诀
口型由/e/向/i/滑动。
下颚向上合拢，舌位随之抬高。
发声时声带振动，/e/音响亮清晰，较长，/i/音轻弱模糊，较短。
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
a make snake name face
ai mail pain paint gain rain wait
ay day play way May
ey they hey
eigh eight weight
Part 3 Try to Read
cake same train table plane lake say mistake great
Part 4精品句练习
It’s a great day today.
Don’t be late.
no pain, no gain 不劳则无获

/ai/
Part 1发音秘诀
舌尖抵住下齿。
从舌位低、口型大的/a/向舌位高、口型小的/i/滑动。
发声时声带振动，饱满圆润/a/音响亮清晰，较长，/i/音轻弱模糊，较短。
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
i fine nice knife ride
y shy why dry sky
ie die pie
ye bye
igh high light night
Part 3 Try to Read
Bike kite right time white fly high ice eye tie
Part 4精品句练习
All right.
A cat has nine lives.猫有九命.
What dose she look like?
Never say die! Try! Try! Try!别气馁!
Mike likes riding a bike.
/əu/
Part 1发音秘诀
由/ə/向/u/滑动。
双唇由扁平变为收圆，口型从半开到合拢。
发声时声带振动，/ə/音响亮清晰，较长，/u/音轻弱模糊，较短。
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
o post old open Olympic
oa boat road
ou soul shoulder
ow slow know bow
ough though although
Part 3 Try to Read
Note home hope coat rose smoke hole window bowl
Part 4精品句练习
I’d like a bowl of soup.
I want to go home. It’s very late.
There’s a hole in my coat.
I hope I can go swimming tomorrow.

/au/
Part 1发音秘诀
由/a/向/u/滑动。
口型由大到小，舌位由低到高，双唇逐渐合圆并稍向前突出。
发声时声带振动，/a/音响亮清晰，较长，/u/音轻弱模糊，较短。
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
ou about around south hour
ow how
Part 3 Try to Read
Shout out mountain down mouth power flower
allow sound cloud mouse
Part 4精品句练习
I won’t let you down.
There is a mouse on a cow.
How about going downtown now?
Knowledge is power!
What beautiful flowers!

/ɔi/
Part 1发音秘诀
由/ɔ/向/i/滑动，
由圆唇变为扁唇，口型从开到合。
发声时声带振动，/ɔ/音响亮清晰，较长，/i/音轻弱模糊，较短。
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
oy enjoy roy
oi boil point noise
Part 3 Try to Read
choice boy oil voice toilet toy noise join coin
Part 4精品句练习
I lose my voice.我嗓子哑了。
Join our game, and you’ll enjoy it.
The boy is playing with his toys. He has great joy.
Enjoy yourself. 过得快活, 感到愉快
The other boys joined in the noise.
第二节 集中双元音
/iə/
Part 1发音秘诀
由/i/向/ə/滑动，
由扁唇变为半开的中唇，
发声时声带振动，注意不要把/i/发成/i：/
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
ea real really
ear hear beard tear
eer deer pioneer
Part 3 Try to Read
Dear idea here year ear near clear beard tears
beer year clear hear
Part 4精品句练习
Walls have ears.隔墙有耳
Is there a post-office near here?
Do you live near here?
Dry your tears. cheer up. 擦干你的泪水
/eə/
Part 1发音秘诀
由/e/很快向/ə/滑动，
舌位由舌前改为舌中，口型由中常改为扁平。
发声时声带振动，前重后轻前长后短。
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
are dare careful
air hair stair
ear wear pear
eir their
Part 3 Try to Read
Where pear chair air care there share chair
there fair care bear pair wear square
Part 4精品句练习
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者,事竟成
The air is fresh here.

/uə/
Part 1发音秘诀
由/u/很快向/ ə /滑动，
舌位由拱到平，口型由圆到扁
发声时声带振动，注意不要把/u/发成/u:/
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
oor moore poor
ure assure sure
Part 3 Try to Read
Unsure insure tourist tour pure endure secure Europe your
Part 4精品句练习
My grandma has a poor memory. She’s always losing things.
Take your time. 别着急

第五章 辅音音素
辅音音素共24个（一般不将/ts/ /dz/ /tr/ /dr/单独列为音标），按声带是否振动可分为清辅音和浊辅音两类，其中有16（20）个是成对出现的：
清辅音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /s/ /θ/ /ʃ/ /h/ /tʃ/ (/ts/) (/tr/)
浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /z/ / ð / /ʒ/ /r/ /dʒ/ (/dz/) (/dr/)
/m/ /n/ / ŋ / /l/ /w/ /j/
按发音的方法可分为：
爆破音 /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ 气流从口腔冲出，送气有力。
磨擦音 /f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ /θ/ /ð/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /r/ /h/ 气流发发音器官的缝隙，发生磨擦而发音
破擦音 /ts//dz/ /tr//dr/ / tʃ// dʒ/ 是爆破音和磨擦音的结合
鼻辅音 /m/ /n/ / ŋ / 气流从鼻腔通过
旁流音 /l/ 气流从舌的两旁空隙处流过
半元音 /w/ /j/ (这两个也属磨擦音) 像元音一样，气流直接从口腔通过，但又像辅音一样，气流通过时与发音器官稍有磨擦。
第一节 爆破音
/p/ 和/b/
Part 1发音秘诀
口型相同
双唇紧闭，然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
/p/ p pen put cap zip
pp happy apple
/b/ b bird boat table crab
bb rabbit
Part 3 Try to Read
Hope map picture pupil plane pig book bed basket
box bus big pick piece paper people park
popular bank black brother beef baby believe
Part 4精品句练习
It’s as pretty as a picture.
Please pass the slippers. 拖鞋
He lost his basketball.

/t/ 和/d/
Part 1发音秘诀
口型相同
舌尖紧贴上齿龈形成阻碍，然后突然放开，气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
t tell tall eat water
tt little litter pretty
d doll good blind bad
dd middle daddy
Part 3 Try to Read
short goat late time tiger post doctor hand bed dog
door dance rest letter cost idea good day down tooth
table sheet bottle tomato study decide dance
Part 4精品句练习
I’ll keep that in mind.记住
Diamond cut diamond.棋逢对手
Mary is good at dancing.
There is a bottle on the table.
Time flies. 光阴似箭
Don’t be late for school.
That’s a good idea.

/k/ /g/
Part 1发音秘诀
口型相同
舌后部抬起，紧贴软腭，形成阻碍，然后舌后部突然离开，气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
k dark keep cook
c cool can cry
ck quick back
g go get gay
gu guest guess guy
Part 3 Try to Read
Cock desk duck clever car park dog game glass
ground bag girl care clock like gate great game
kind music forgive begin language glad hungry queen
Part 4精品句练习
Let’s go together.
It’s very kind of you..
Good luck.
第二节 摩擦音
/f/ 和/v/
Part 1发音秘诀
口型相同
下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间的缝隙间通过，引起摩擦成音
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
/f/ f food fire half
ph phone photo
gh cough enough rough
/v/ v five move visit
Part 3 Try to Read
Laugh fat fish family face fox very save love save live eleven feel farmer leave
Part 4精品句练习
I’m very well.
Love me, love my dogs .爱屋及乌 ( He that loves the tree loves the branch  )
Tell me who is both fat and foolish.

/s/ 和/z/
Part 1发音秘诀
口型相同。
舌端靠近上齿龈，气流由舌端与齿龈间泻出，形成摩擦音。
Part 2常见字母和字母组合
/s/ s sun school us
ss class pass boss
ce face rice
se horse house
/z/ s as his is
Z zone zebra
Part 3 Try to Read
sister skirt sea