音标讲义(整理版).doc

新旧英语国际音标对照表Vowels元音新i:e:u:旧i:ie:u:u:新:eIaIIaIe旧:eiaiiuauiuConsonants辅音无变化pbtdkgfvszmnlrhwjtdtrdrtsdz14音标整理讲义-英语国际音标表（48个）元音（20个）长元音/:/:/:/i:/u:/ class door her tea lose短元音/ love lock teacher it book /e/ leg bag/e/a/ late likeboy双元音/e/ here bear hour/a/ No house辅音（28个）轻辅音/p/t/k/f/s/ park it look wife think small浊辅音/b/d/g/v/z/ bike dive glass live mother whose轻辅音/h/ts/t/tr/ ship hard chair tree浊辅音/r/dz/d/dr/ pleasure red age dress鼻音/m/n/ moon thank半元音/j/w/ Yes wide边音/ table元音音素可分单元音和双元音两大类。单元音又可分为前元音，央元音和后元音。单元音：发音时舌位、唇形、开口度始终不变的元音音素，英语中单元音共12个。双元音：两个单元音混合在一起的元音因素，英语中双元音共8个。元音音素单元音第一节 前元音/i:/ /i/Part 1发音秘诀牙床：上下齿分开，距离能容纳一根火柴。舌位：舌部及下颚肌肉紧张，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向硬腭尽量抬起。唇形：上下唇微开，口型扁平。发音长短：发音时要尽量拉长，让它超过两秒，就像古人喝醉酒以后饮食的感觉。小提示：嘴角尽量往两边拉，像微笑的样子，所以说英语国家的人拍照喜欢说“cheese”Part 2常见字母和字母组合e be /bi:/ me /mi:/ he /hi;/ evening/i:vning/ she /i:/ea tea /ti:/ sea /si:/ seat/si:t/ easy /i:zi/ eat /i:t/ eesee /si:/ feet /fi:t/ cheese /tfi:z/ teeth /ti:/ green /gri:n/ ie thief /i:f/ piece /pi:s/ niece /ni:s/侄女 ey key /ki:/ Part 3: Try to Readsheep leave please dream speak secret Chinese bee read Part 4精品句练习Theres a bee in the tree.Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。The Chinese is a great people./i/ /I/Part 1发音秘诀牙床：上下齿分开，距离能容纳一个小指尖。舌位：舌尖抵下齿，舌向硬腭抬起，但舌位比/i:/稍低、稍后。唇形：上下唇微开，口型扁平。口腔肌肉：舌部及下颚肌肉比/i:/松弛。发音长短：短。小提示：发好这个的秘诀是一定要收小腹。Part 2常见字母和字母组合e pretty reply repair remember isit history little missubusy business ymarry Januaryeymonkey moneyPart 3 Try to ReadEnglish gift guitar ticket difficult chick hill ticket Part 4精品句练习I want to have a ticket to the moon.She is always as busy as a bee.Im sick of this weather.This guitar is cool. I love it./e/ Part 1发音秘诀牙床：上下齿分开，距离能容纳一个中指。舌位：舌尖抵下齿，舌部稍微抬起，舌位比短衣音/i/低。唇形：嘴唇向两边微分，比短衣音/i/少松开，口型扁平。发音长短：短元音，急促。小提示：发音时下巴逐渐向下移动，直至上下嘴唇张开的角度大约呈45度，同时发出声音。Part 2常见字母和字母组合a any anybody e desk very American bed ea bread dead ready healthai saidPart 3 Try to ReadRespect parent sweater friend bell never friend head elephant forget better restPart 4 精品句练习More jelly, please.再要点果冻。Make the bed yourself. 自己把床铺好。Never let your parents down. 永远不要让父母失望！We have a test next Wednesday. Id better study./ Part 1发音秘诀牙床：介于开和半开之间，上下齿距离能容纳食指加中指尖。舌位：舌尖轻触下齿，舌前部微微抬起，但舌位比/e/低，发音时逐渐压低舌头和下颚，尽可能夸张。唇形：双唇向两边平伸，张开嘴，嘴唇放松。小提示：越夸张越到位，美国味越浓。Part 2常见字母和字母组合a flag black plan fat chat Part 3 Try to Readmap glad cap（cape/keip/披风,斗篷） catch back passion hand handsome /hnsm/(same/seim/ some/sm sm/) laugh happy familyPart 4 精品句练习Catch you latter.Hes a handsome man.Can you give me a hand? 可以帮下忙吗？The fat cat大腕has a backpack.第二节 中元音（央元音） /:/Part 1发音秘诀牙床：介于开和半开之间。舌位：舌端离下齿，舌尖轻触下齿，舌中部微微抬起，舌位介于低和中低之间，整个舌身在口腔里处于低平状态。唇形：双唇扁平。Part 2常见字母和字母组合er her herself nervous mermaid/m:meid/美人鱼 ir birthday third skirt birdcage鸟笼 or word work world worm ur turn hurt fur purseear earth learn earlyPart 3 Try to ReadThursday shirt perfume bird turtle dirty first nurse Part 4精品句练习She bought a small bottle of French perfume.The turtle cant bear the bird.Girls love skirts.The earth is our home. We should care about her./ Part 1发音秘诀牙床：半合，与/:/类似。舌位：舌端离下齿，舌中部微微抬起，舌位中低。唇形：嘴唇少松开，口型略扁平。发音长短：短一点，弱一点。小提示：带r出现在词尾时常卷舌。Part 2常见字母和字母组合a ago breakfast/brekfst/（break/breik/） arrive sofa/suf/ e open happen/hpen/ o collect computer or inventor actor er letter order sweater/swet/ rulerour color ure picture nature/neit/Part 3 Try to Readwater/w:t/ mother doctor Saturday/stdi/ matter better aboard workersbanana/bna:n/ panda paper moment the breakfast future dinner cinema/sinm/ potato Part 4精品句练习See you on Saturday.Whats the matter with you?My mother is the best in the world!Youd better drink more water.Lets go to the cinema.Would you please open the door?The policeman is a hero./Part 1发音秘诀牙床：介于开和半开之间。舌位：舌端离下齿，舌尖轻触下齿，舌中部微微抬起，舌位介于低和中低之间，整个舌身在口腔里处于低平状态。唇形：双唇扁平。短促。Part 2常见字母和字母组合o love come mother money u must lunch lucky underoo blood flood ou country enough touch cousinPart 3 Try to Readcup sun run bus butterfly hurry study enough monkey flood touchPart 4精品句练习Amy goes to school by bus every day.Dont touch the machine. Its dangerous.I study English just for fun.我学英语只是为了好玩Monkeys like to run and jump.第三节 后元音 /：/ Part 1发音秘诀口张大，舌舌头压低后缩，舌尖不抵下齿。长元音，发音不要太短，长度比短元音长两倍多，发音时声带振动。就像汉语中发“啊”一样。Part 2常见字母和字母组合a father after fast classar card farm party bar (卷舌)al half calm au aunt laugh Part 3 Try to Readglass water March parking arm ask car Part 4精品句练习The farm seems so far in the darkness.He who laughs last laughs best.They cant start the party until dark.The park is far from the farm./:/ Part 1发音秘诀舌后伸，舌后部抬起，舌尖不抵下齿。双唇呈中圆形，并向前突出。长元音，发音时声带振动。就像汉语中发“喔”一样。Part 2常见字母和字母组合al walk talk call wall or forty corn sport morning（卷舌）au fault autumn aw paw（爪子） law ar war quarter（卷舌）oor floor（卷舌）our fourth pour（卷舌）augh daughter ough bought Part 3 Try to Readhorse ball door your short floor story four story short born more Part 4精品句练习Open the door, please.The short daughter is reading books.I saw forty horses./ Part 1发音秘诀口自然张开，舌后伸，舌后部抬起比/:/略低。双唇呈中圆口形，比发/:/时稍大，向前微伸，不要太突出。短元音，发音时声带振动。短促有力。Part 2常见字母和字母组合a want watch wash quarrel o song pot job bodyPart 3 Try to Readbox stop cock lot frog fox hot dog pot holiday/hldi/ knockPart 4精品句练习Thanks a lot.He lost his wallet and his job.He got a job at a coffee shop./u:/Part 1发音秘诀舌后伸，舌后部向软腭高高抬起。双唇呈小圆口形，并向前突出。长元音，发音时声带振动肌肉始终保持紧张状态。就像汉语中发“乌”一样。Part 2常见字母和字母组合o move shoe do whose u ruler June oo school tooth noon noodle ui fruit juice ou group you soup/s u:p/汤 soap/sup/肥皂 香皂（fancy soap toilet soap） ew drew grew Part 3 Try to ReadGoose pool zoo cool blue food Part 4精品句练习What can I do for you?It is very cool in the zoo. /u/ Part 1发音秘诀舌后伸，舌后部向软腭高高抬起,但比/u:/略低。双唇收圆，稍向前突出。短元音，发音时声带振动，肌肉尽量放松。Part 2常见字母和字母组合u pull push sugar butcher屠夫oo foot stood bookshop classroomou should couldPart 3 Try to Readput full look woman cook book wood Part 4精品句练习Look before you leap.三思而行Should we put some sugar in the milk?Thats a good question.第四章 元音音素双元音双元音：两个单元音混合在一起的元音因素，英语中双元音共8个/ei/ /ai/ /u/ /au/ /i/ /i/ /e/ /u/第一节 合口双元音/ei/Part 1发音秘诀口型由/e/向/i/滑动。下颚向上合拢，舌位随之抬高。发声时声带振动，/e/音响亮清晰，较长，/i/音轻弱模糊，较短。Part 2常见字母和字母组合a make snake name face ai mail pain paint gain rain wait ay day play way May ey they hey eigh eight weightPart 3 Try to Readcake same train table plane lake say mistake great Part 4精品句练习Its a great day today.Dont be late.no pain, no gain 不劳则无获/ai/ Part 1发音秘诀舌尖抵住下齿。从舌位低、口型大的/a/向舌位高、口型小的/i/滑动。发声时声带振动，饱满圆润/a/音响亮清晰，较长，/i/音轻弱模糊，较短。Part 2常见字母和字母组合i fine nice knife ridey shy why dry sky ie die pie ye bye igh high light night Part 3 Try to ReadBike kite right time white fly high ice eye tie Part 4精品句练习All right.A cat has nine lives.猫有九命.What dose she look like?Never say die! Try! Try! Try!别气馁!Mike likes riding a bike./u/ Part 1发音秘诀由/向/u/滑动。双唇由扁平变为收圆，口型从半开到合拢。发声时声带振动，/音响亮清晰，较长，/u/音轻弱模糊，较短。Part 2常见字母和字母组合o post old open Olympic oa boat road ou soul shoulder ow slow know bowough though although Part 3 Try to ReadNote home hope coat rose smoke hole window bowl Part 4精品句练习Id like a bowl of soup.I want to go home. Its very late.Theres a hole in my coat.I hope I can go swimming tomorrow./au/ Part 1发音秘诀由/a/向/u/滑动。口型由大到小，舌位由低到高，双唇逐渐合圆并稍向前突出。发声时声带振动，/a/音响亮清晰，较长，/u/音轻弱模糊，较短。Part 2常见字母和字母组合ou about around south hour ow how Part 3 Try to ReadShout out mountain down mouth power flower allow sound cloud mouse Part 4精品句练习I wont let you down.There is a mouse on a cow.How about going downtown now?Knowledge is power!What beautiful flowers!/i/Part 1发音秘诀由/向/i/滑动，由圆唇变为扁唇，口型从开到合。发声时声带振动，/音响亮清晰，较长，/i/音轻弱模糊，较短。Part 2常见字母和字母组合oy enjoy roy oi boil point noise Part 3 Try to Readchoice boy oil voice toilet toy noise join coin Part 4精品句练习I lose my voice.我嗓子哑了。Join our game, and youll enjoy it.The boy is playing with his toys. He has great joy.Enjoy yourself. 过得快活, 感到愉快The other boys joined in the noise.第二节 集中双元音/i/ Part 1发音秘诀由/i/向/滑动，由扁唇变为半开的中唇，发声时声带振动，注意不要把/i/发成/i：/Part 2常见字母和字母组合ea real reallyear hear beard tear eer deer pioneer Part 3 Try to ReadDear idea here year ear near clear beard tears beer year clear hear Part 4精品句练习Walls have ears.隔墙有耳Is there a post-office near here?Do you live near here?Dry your tears. cheer up. 擦干你的泪水/e/Part 1发音秘诀由/e/很快向/滑动，舌位由舌前改为舌中，口型由中常改为扁平。发声时声带振动，前重后轻前长后短。Part 2常见字母和字母组合are dare careful air hair stair ear wear pear eir their Part 3 Try to ReadWhere pear chair air care there share chair there fair care bear pair wear square Part 4精品句练习Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者,事竟成The air is fresh here./u/Part 1发音秘诀由/u/很快向/ /滑动，舌位由拱到平，口型由圆到扁发声时声带振动，注意不要把/u/发成/u:/Part 2常见字母和字母组合oor moore poor ure assure sure Part 3 Try to ReadUnsure insure tourist tour pure endure secure Europe yourPart 4精品句练习My grandma has a poor memory. Shes always losing things.Take your time. 别着急第五章 辅音音素辅音音素共24个（一般不将/ts/ /dz/ /tr/ /dr/单独列为音标），按声带是否振动可分为清辅音和浊辅音两类，其中有16（20）个是成对出现的：清辅音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /s/ / / /h/ /t/ (/ts/) (/tr/) 浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /z/ / / / /r/ /d/ (/dz/) (/dr/) /m/ /n/ / / /l/ /w/ /j/ 按发音的方法可分为： 爆破音 /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ 气流从口腔冲出，送气有力。 磨擦音 /f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ / / / / /r/ /h/ 气流发发音器官的缝隙，发生磨擦而发音 破擦音 /ts/dz/ /tr/dr/ / t/ d/ 是爆破音和磨擦音的结合 鼻辅音 /m/ /n/ / / 气流从鼻腔通过 旁流音 /l/ 气流从舌的两旁空隙处流过 半元音 /w/ /j/ (这两个也属磨擦音) 像元音一样，气流直接从口腔通过，但又像辅音一样，气流通过时与发音器官稍有磨擦。第一节 爆破音/p/ 和/b/Part 1发音秘诀口型相同双唇紧闭，然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音Part 2常见字母和字母组合/p/ p pen put cap zip pp happy apple /b/ b bird boat table crab bb rabbit Part 3 Try to ReadHope map picture pupil plane pig book bed basketbox bus big pick piece paper people parkpopular bank black brother beef baby believe Part 4精品句练习Its as pretty as a picture.Please pass the slippers. 拖鞋He lost his basketball./t/ 和/d/ Part 1发音秘诀口型相同舌尖紧贴上齿龈形成阻碍，然后突然放开，气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音Part 2常见字母和字母组合t tell tall eat water tt little litter pretty d doll good blind bad dd middle daddy Part 3 Try to Readshort goat late time tiger post doctor hand bed dogdoor dance rest letter cost idea good day down toothtable sheet bottle tomato study decide dance Part 4精品句练习Ill keep that in mind.记住Diamond cut diamond.棋逢对手Mary is good at dancing.There is a bottle on the table.Time flies. 光阴似箭Dont be late for school.Thats a good idea./k/ /g/Part 1发音秘诀口型相同舌后部抬起，紧贴软腭，形成阻碍，然后舌后部突然离开，气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音Part 2常见字母和字母组合k dark keep cook c cool can cry ck quick back g go get gay gu guest guess guy Part 3 Try to ReadCock desk duck clever car park dog game glassground bag girl care clock like gate great gamekind music forgive begin language glad hungry queenPart 4精品句练习Lets go together.Its very kind of you.Good luck.第二节 摩擦音/f/ 和/v/Part 1发音秘诀口型相同下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间的缝隙间通过，引起摩擦成音Part 2常见字母和字母组合/f/ f food fire half ph phone photo gh cough enough rough /v/ v five move visit Part 3 Try to ReadLaugh fat fish family face fox very save love save live eleven feel farmer leave Part 4精品句练习Im very well.Love me, love my dogs .爱屋及乌 ( He that loves the tree loves the branch)Tell me who is both fat and foolish./s/ 和/z/Part 1发音秘诀口型相同。舌端靠近上齿龈，气流由舌端与齿龈间泻出，形成摩擦音。Part 2常见字母和字母组合/s/ s sun school us ss class pass boss ce face rice se horse house /z/ s as his is Z zone zebra Part 3 Try to Readsister skirt sea