2019年高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅰ）（含解析版）.pdf

2019 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国 I 卷）英英 语语 注意事项注意事项:1.1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。无效。3.3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分第一部分 听力听力(共两节，满分共两节，满分 3030 分分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。题卡上。第一节第一节 (共共 5 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.51.5 分，满分分，满分 7.57.5 分分)听下面听下面 5 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A A、B B、C C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有完每段对话后，你都有 1010 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:How much is the shirt?A.19.15.B.9.18.C.9.15.答案是 C。1.Where does this conversation take place?A.In a classroom.B.In a hospital.C.In a museum.【答案】B【解析】【详解】此为听力题，解析略。2.What does Jack want to do?A.Take fitness classes.B.Buy a pair of gym shoes.C.Change his work schedule.【答案】A【解析】【详解】此为听力题，解析略。3.What are the speakers talking about?A.What to drink.B.Where to meet.C.When to leave.【答案】B【解析】【详解】此为听力题，解析略。4.What is the relationship between the speakers?A.Colleges.B.Classmates.C.Strangers.【答案】C【解析】【详解】此为听力题，解析略。5.Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation?A.She might want a ticket.B.She is looking for the man.C.She has an extra ticket.【答案】A【解析】【详解】此为听力题，解析略。第二节第二节(共共 1515 小题，每小题小题，每小题 1.51.5 分，满分分，满分 22.522.5 分分)听下面听下面 5 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A A、B B、C C 三个选项中选出三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出给出 5 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.How long did James run his business？A.10 years.B.13years.C.15 years.7.How does the woman feel about James situation？A.Embarrassed.B.Concerned.C.Disappointed.【答案】6.C 7.B【解析】此为听力题，解析略。【6 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。【7 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.What has Kates mother decided to do？A.Return to school.B.Change her job.C.Retire from work.9.What did Kates mother study at college？A.Oil painting.B.Art history.C.Business administration.10.What is Kates attitude toward her mothers decision?A.Disapproving.B.Ambiguous.C.Understanding.【答案】8.A 9.C 10.C【解析】此为听力题，解析略。【8 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。【9 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。【10 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。11.What is the man doing？A.Chairing a meeting.B.Hosting a radio program.C.Conducting a job interview.12.What benefits Mary most in her job？A.Her wide reading.B.Her leaders guidance.C.Her friends help 13.Who will Mary talk about next？A.Her teacher.B.Her father C.Her mother.【答案】11.B 12.A 13.C【解析】此为听力题，解析略。【11 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。【12 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。【13 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。14.Why does the man seldom do exercise？A.He lacks motivation.B.He has a heart problem.C.He works all the time.15.What does Jacob Sattelmair probably do？A.Hes an athlete.B.Hes a researcher.C.Hes a journalist.16.Why does the woman speak of a study？A.To encourage the man.B.To recommend an exercise.C.To support her findings.17.How much time will the man probably spend exercising weekly？A.300 minutes.B.150 minute.C.75 minutes.【答案】14.A 15.B 16.A 17.C【解析】此为听力题，解析略。【14 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。【15 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。【16 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。【17 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.What did the scientists do to the road？A.They repaired it.B.They painted it.C.They blocked it 19.Why are young birds drawn to the road surface？A.Its warm.B.Its brown.C.Its smooth.20.What is the purpose of the scientists experiment？A.To keep the birds there for a whole year.B.To help students study the birds well.C.To prevent the birds from being killed.【答案】18.B 19.A 20.C【解析】此为听力题，解析略。【18 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。【19 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。【20 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。第二部分第二部分 阅读理解阅读理解(共两节，满分共两节，满分 4040 分分)第一节第一节 (共共 1515 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 2 分，满分分，满分 3030 分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A A、B B、C C 和和 D D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A A Need a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs.The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student?Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills,find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for Youth If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province,you could be eligible(符合条件)for this program.Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible:Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社区).Summer Company Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to$3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible:Students aged 15-29,returning to school in the fall.Stewardship Youth Ranger Program You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible:Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire,but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities(机会机会)Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program,students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service,its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible:Students aged 15 or older.Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.21.What is special about Summer Company?A.It requires no training before employment.B.It provides awards for running new businesses.C.It allows one to work in the natural environment.D.It offers more summer job opportunities.22.What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A.15-18.B.15-24.C.15-29.D.16-17.23.Which program favors the disabled?A.Jobs for Youth.B.Summer Company.C.Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.D.Summer Employment Opportunities.【答案】21.B 22.D 23.D【解析】本文为应用文。本文叙述了省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工作。【21 题详解】细节理解题。根据 Summer Company 部分中的“Summer Company provides students with.awards of up to 3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses”可知“Summer Company 为学生提供高达 3000 美 元 的 奖 励，来 开 始 和 经 营 他 们 自 己 的 暑 期 业 务”。“start and run their own summer businesses”即“为开办新的业务”，这对应 B 项中的“runn new businesses”，二者是词义之间的转述关系。故选 B。【22 题详解】细节理解题。根据 Stewardship Youth Ranger Program 部分中的第二段“Who is eligible:Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire,but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知“符合条件的学生：16岁或 17 岁的学生，但在今年 12 月 31 日之前未满 18 岁”。由此得出，这个项目要求年龄在 16-17 岁之间。分析选项可知 D 项符合题意，故选 D。【23 题详解】细 节 理 解 题。根 据 Summer Employment Opportunities 部 分 中 的 最 后 一 段 最 后 一 句“Who is eligible:.Some positions require students to be 15to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability”,可知 Summer Employment Opportunities 有些职位是给残疾人的。分析选项可知，D 项符合题意，故选 D。B B For Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue,N.Y.，today is speech day,and right now its Chris Palaezs turn.The 8-year-old is the joker of the class.With shining dark eyes,he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But hes,nervous.“Im here to tell you today why you should should”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a.pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.His teacher,Thomas Whaley,is next to him,whispering support.“Vote for me”Except for some stumbles,Chris is doing amazingly well.When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants,Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago.Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience.What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.“It takes a lot for any student，”Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，I dont know，but I want to know.”Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.The answer broke his heart.Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,”Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”24.What made Chris nervous？A.Telling a story.B.Making a speech.C.Taking a test.D.Answering a question.25.What does the underlined word“stumbles”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Improper pauses.B.Bad manners.C.Spelling mistakes.D.Silly jokes.26.We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to _.A.help students see their own strengths B.assess students public speaking skills C.prepare students for their future jobs D.inspire students love for politics 27.Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?A.Humorous.B.Ambitious.C.Caring.D.Demanding.【答案】24.B 25.A 26.A 27.C【解析】本文属于记叙文，讲述 Thomas Whaley 为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心专门开展了一个演讲课程。【24 题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段 today is speech day 和本段最后一句 with shining dark eyes,he seems like the kind of kids who would enjoy public speaking.以及第二段第一句 But hes nervous.可知，Chris 眼睛黑亮，似乎是那种喜欢公共演讲的孩子，但是他却很紧张，故可知 Chris 是因为做演讲紧张，故选 B。【25 题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段“Im here to tell you today why you shouldshould”Chris trips on the“-ld”,a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.以及后文 except for some stumbles,Chris is doing amazingly well 可知,Chris 发 ld 比较困难，这对于英语不是母语的学习者来说都是一个困难，总体来说 Chris 做得出奇的好。根据前文可知，ld 发音不准，因此有些结巴，停顿得不准，故选A。【26 题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.以及最后一段“boasting about yourself,and your best qualities,”Whaley says,“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”可知，这个课程不仅仅教孩子阅读以及公共演讲，还要让孩子学会夸耀自己，而夸耀自己对于那些进入教室没有信心的学生来说很困难，故可知，Whaley 老师这么做是为了帮助学生认识自己的优势增加信心，故选 A。【27 题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.和最后一段 He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves 可知，当他有一天问学生认为自己当不了总统请举手的时候，想到了一个想法，这个课程就是帮助学生树立自己的信心，故可以看出这位老师很关心学生的成长。humorous 幽默的，ambitious 有雄心壮志的；caring 关心的；demanding 要求高的。故选 C。C C As data and identity theft becomes more and more common,the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces.At present,these technologies are still expensive,though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique to each person.Thus,the keyboard can determine peoples identities,and by extension,whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with.Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology,the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word“touch”four times using the smart keyboard.Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed,with very low error rates.The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive,plastic-like parts.The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.28.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A.To reduce pressure on keys.B.To improve accuracy in typing C.To replace the password system.D.To cut the cost of e-space protection.29.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？A.Computers are much easier to operate.B.Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.D.Data security measures are guaranteed.30.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？all 1o soisgitieoco oll.A.Itll be environment-friendly.B.Itll reach consumers soon.C.Itll be made of plastics.D.Itll help speed up typing.31.Where is this text most likely from?A.A diary.B.A guidebook C.A novel.D.A magazine.【答案】28.D 29.C 30.B 31.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，目前，向指纹扫描等这些技术仍然是昂贵的。本文介绍了一种新的科技智能键盘，它能给 e-space 用户带来安全，而且这项技术也不贵。【28 题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的 At present,these technologies are still expensive,though.和第二段的Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem:a smart key board.可知，研究者们开发智能键盘是为了降低 e-space 保护的成本。故选 D。【29 题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的 The key board could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique to each person.Thus，the keyboard can determine peoples identities 可知，因为每个人的打字方式不同，使智能键盘能够识别人的身份。故选 C。【30 题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的 The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.可知，研究者们希望智能键盘能早日面世。故选 B。【31 题详解】推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技智能键盘，它能给 e-space 用户带来安全，由此可知，本文是关于科技，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本杂志。故选 D。D D During the rosy years of elementary school(小学),I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes,which allowed me to keep my high social status.I was the queen of the playground.Then came my tweens and teens,and mean girls and cool kids.They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes,breaking rules and playing jokes on others,among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology.Mitch Prinstein,a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories:the likable and the status seekers.The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships,jump-start interpersonal skills and,when tapped early,are employed ever after in life and work.Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence:status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed,Dr.Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences.Those who were highest in status in high school,as well as those least liked in elementary school,are“most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”In one study,Dr.Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents,scoring the least liked,the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究).“We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates.But so had those who were high in status.It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment,high status has just the opposite effect on us.Dr.Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing,kindness,openness carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research，Dr.Prinstein came to another conclusion:Not only i