2021年北京市高考英语试卷（原卷版）.pdf

2021 年北京市高考真年北京市高考真题题英英语试语试卷卷 北京卷北京卷英语英语 本试卷共本试卷共 11 页，共页，共 100 分考试时长分考试时长 90 分钟分钟 考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回 第一部分第一部分 知识运用（共两节，知识运用（共两节，30 分）分）第一节（共第一节（共 10 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.5 分，共分，共 15 分）分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑卡上将该项涂黑 Recently，I took a trip home by trainI got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes，who kept_1_a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lapThe womans eye fell on the mans face，and she immediately looked down and_2_her scarf As the night wore on，people began to close their eyes，but the seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get any_3_The woman looked over at the manHe was still staring at herShe looked back at him with fire in her eyesI was beginning to get_4_，too The train moved onThe little boy was _5_ awake on his mothers lap，but the woman dropped off to sleepA moment later，he began to_6_the half-open windowone leg went over itThe man jumped up and _7_the child just before he fell out The_8_ woke up the womanShe seemed to be in_9_，and then reality dawned（显现）“Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window，”the man said as he gave the child back to her.“So I have been watching the whole time”The woman was _10_，and so was I 1.A.guiding B.bothering C.watching D.monitoring 2.A.adjusted B.changed C.packed D.waved 3.A.air B.joy C.space D.rest 4.A.nervous B.embarrassed C.angry D.disappointed 5.A.almost B.still C.hardly D.even 6.A.drag B.climb C.knock D.push 7.A.grabbed B.rocked C.touched D.picked 8.A.alarm B.quarrel C.risk D.noise 9.A.sorrow B.relief C.panic D.pain 10.A.astonished B.confused C.concerned D.inspired 第二节（共第二节（共 10 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.5 分，共分，共 15 分）分）A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Why do we dream？Scientists arent completely sure,and they have diverse_11_(idea)Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything _12_ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.As it _13_(connect)things，your brain tums them into a story,and you get a dream B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Sam is an in-real-life streamer（播主），and he live streams himself just going about his dayWhile riding his bike home _14_ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herselfThe poor woman wasnt able to give him any information about _15_ she livedSam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could _16_（safe）wait for the police to take her home C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。There _17_(be)a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,_18_(cause)largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations.From 2000 to 2019,there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,_19_(result)in USD 2,970 billion in economic lossMuch of this increase can be due to climate change.The findings show a critical need _20_(invest)in disaster prevention.第二部分第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，阅读理解（共两节，38 分）分）第一节（共第一节（共 14 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 分，共分，共 28 分）分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑黑 A If you are planning to start a career in the field of education，science，or culture，then an internship（实习）at UNESCO will be ideal for you Who can apply？You have completed your full-time university studies；or You are studying in a graduate program for a masters degree Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution What are the requirements？You must be at least 20 years old You should have a good command（掌握）of either English or French You must have an excellent knowledge of office-related software You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills What do you need to prepare？Visa：You should obtain the necessary visas Travel：You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your internship Medical insurance：You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid（有效的）in the target country for the entire period of the internshipUNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30,000 for the internship period Medical certificate：You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work Motivation letter：You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six monthsWe do not respond to every candidateIf selected，you will be contacted by a managerIf you do not receive any update within six months，it means that your application has not been successful 21.According to this passage，applicants are required to_ A.hold a masters degree in science B.have international work experience C.be fluent in either English or French D.present a letter from a technical institution 22.What will UNESCO provide for the internship period？A.Limited medical insurance coverage B.Training in communication skills C.A medical certificate for work D.Financial support for travel 23.What should applicants do before filling out the application form？A.Contact UNESCO managers B.Get access to the database C.Keep a motivation letter at hand D.Work in a team for six months B I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester（学期）project of volunteering at a non-profit organizationWhen the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help，my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children（OIC）My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind Then，an OIC representative gave us some details，which somewhat interested meAfter doing some research，I believed that we could really do something for those kidsWhen I went online to the OIC website，I saw pictures of the Iraqi childrenTheir faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝望）and need that I joined this project without hesitationWe decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make them into kitsone kit，one child The most rewarding day for our group was project day，when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came togetherWhen I saw the various supplies we had collected，it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi childOver the past four months，I had never imagined how I would feel once our project was completedWhile making the kits，I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind itI had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade onWhen the kits were completed，and ready to be sent overseas，the warm feeling I had was one I would never forget In the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another personNow that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but tenWith our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education 24.How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning？A.It would affect his/her initial plans B.It would involve traveling overseas C.It would not bring him/her a good grade D.It would not live up to his/her expectations 25.What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project？A.Images of Iraqi children B.Research by his/her classmates C.A teachers introduction D.A representatives comments 26.The authors OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to_.A.become OIC volunteers B.further their education C.study in foreign countries D.influence other children 27.What can we conclude from this passage？A.Ones potential cannot always be underrated B.First impression cannot always be trusted C.Actions speak louder than words D.He who hesitates is lost C Hundreds of scientists,writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December:Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse.Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as“a credible scenario(情景)this century”.A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events,food insecurity,and freshwater shortages might create global collapse.Of course,if you are a non-human species,collapse is well underway.The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the worlds most technologically advanced nations.Not very long ago,it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility.The international scholars warning letter doesnt say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen.Collapseology,the study of collapse,is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization.Among the signatories(签署者)of the warning was Bob Johnson,the originator of the“ecological footprint”concept,which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle.With the current footprint of humanity,“it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form,possibly within a decade,certainly within this century,”Johnson said in an email.“Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits,”the December warning letter says,“can we have the hope to reduce their speed,severity and harm”.And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored.We all want to hope things will turn out fine.As a poet wrote,Man is a victim of dope(麻醉品)In the incurable form of hope.The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent(执着)on quieting hope that ignores preparedness.“Lets look directly into the issue of collapse,”they say,“and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.”28.What does the underlined word“germane”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Scientific.B.Credible.C.Original.D.Relevant.29.As for the public awareness of global collapse,the author is_.A.worried B.puzzled C.surprised D.scared 30.What can we learn from this passage?A.The signatories may change the biophysical limits.B.The author agrees with the message of the poem.C.The issue of collapse is being prioritized.D.The global collapse is well underway.D Early fifth-century philosopher StAugustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked himAlbert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure itTodays state-of-the-art atomic（原子的）clocks have proven Einstein rightEven advanced physics cant decisively tell us what time is,because the answer depends on the question youre asking Forget about time as an absoluteWhat if，instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,we related time to ecology？What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo（节奏）of human life？Were increasingly aware of the fact that we cant control Earth systems with engineering alone，and realizing that we need to moderate（调节）our actions if we hope to live in balanceWhat if our definition of time reflected that？Recently，I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping thats connected to circumstances on our planet，conditions that might change as a result of global warmingWere now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive to local and global environmental changesWeve programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rateIf the rivers run faster in the future on average，the clock will get ahead of standard timeIf they run slower，youll see the opposite effect The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamicsIts a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame（时间框架），and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phonesAnyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planetAnyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomenaIn pre-Classical Greece，for instance，people“corrected”official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of seasonTemporal connection to the environment was vital to their survivalLikewise，river time and other timekeeping systems were developing may encourage environmental awareness When StAugustine admitted his inability to define time，he highlighted one of time s most noticeable qualities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined contextAny timekeeping system is valid，and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose 31.What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？A.Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature B.Everyone can define time on their own terms C.The qualities of time vary with how you measure it D.Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists 32.The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to_ A.present an assumption B.evaluate an argument C.highlight an experiment D.introduce an approach 33.What can we learn from this passage？A.Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life B.New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems C.Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower D.Modern technology may help to shape the rivers temporal frame 34.What can we infer from this passage？A.It is crucial to improve the definition of time B.A fixed frame will make time meaningless C.We should live in harmony with nature D.History is a mirror reflecting reality 第二节（共第二节（共 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 分，共分，共 10 分）分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑选项中有两项为多余选项黑选项中有两项为多余选项 Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people _35_ The mental health benefits from music cant be arguedMusic could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes _36_However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in painBy distracting（分心）the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levelsThis，of course，can lead to less pain Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed_37_While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressureSimilarly,according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft mus