新目标八年级英语上册第9单元知识点-总结.doc

Unit9 Can you come to my party?
话题：Invitations
教学目标：
1. Learn how to make, accept, decline invitation.
2. Talk about obligations with“have to”
3. Talk about the schedule.
教学重难点：情态动词Can的用法
知识点：
1. 情态动词 can
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成复合谓语，没有人称和数的变化情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有：can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) can是一个常见的情态动词
含义 5点
1) 表示能力（如体力和脑力方面），意为“能、会”
Can you speak Chinese?
Can you play basketball?
2) 表示请求或者允许，多用在口语中，意为“可以、能”等客观条件的允许。用于疑问句中用来提出要求，用于否定句中表示不允许。
Can you help me?
You can’t play the computer
3) 表示可能，理论上的可能
He can be out now.
It can’t bu sunny all the time.
4)表示说话人的猜测、怀疑、不肯定等，主要用于否定句、疑问句、感叹句中，带哟感情色彩。
How can yo be so rude!
Can he be back?
5)could可以作为can的过去式，也可以在提出请求时表示委婉。
He could save the little boy.
Could you help me?
拓展 辨析can 与may 4点
1)表示“许可、准许”，此时与can同义，可以互换使用You may/can go to the cinema this evening.
☆注意：表许可时其答语可以用“Yes,you may.”但是由于用may做肯定回答语气显得生硬、严肃，因此
一般用Yes, please. /Certainly. / Of course.这些回答显得热情、客气。拒绝对方时，其答语可以用No, you mustn’t. / No, you can’t. / Sorry, you can’t. / No, please don’t
--May I come in?
--Yes, please
--May I use your ruler?
--Certainly. Here you are.
2)表示可能性时，常用在肯定句中，意为“可能、也许”
He may be very busy now.
He said that she might not be at work today.
3) can和may都可以表示推测。can通常用在否定句和疑问句中，may通常用在肯定句和否定句中。虽然两者都可以用于否定句，但是程度不同，can’t的语气比may not更强。
It can’t be true.
It may not be true.
4) 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可以译为“祝愿”
May you have a good time.
May you be happy.
练习题
1)— Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon?
— I’d love to, but I’m afraid I _______. I have too much work to do.
2) — ________ I use your dictionary?
— Of course you can.
3) — ________ I know your name?
— Sure. My name is Han Huimei.
4) I don’t understand this sentence. ________ you explain it to me?
5) — That sweater _______ be yours.
— No, it _______ be mine. Mine is over there.
6) Jim left his English book at home. He _______ borrow one from other students.
7)_______ you have a merry Christmas and happy New Year!
8) — May I pick a flower in the garden?
— No, you _______.
2. must与have to 表示义务，即必须或者不得不做的事
表示“必须、一定要”，多强调说话人的主观看法，否定式mustn’t表示“一定不要，禁止”
You must see the doctor.
Must you go soon?
对于must开头的一般疑问句，如果要做否定回答，可以用
needn’t, don’t have to，不能用mustn’t
--Must I come over tonight?
--No, you needn’t
表示客观需要时，常用have to, have to 为情态动词词组，第三人称单数为has to.过去式为had to. Have to的疑问句，否定句都要借助于助动词do,does.did来完成。
Eg. He has to stay at home. 他不得不呆在家里。
Why do I have to do everything? 为什么事事都得我来干。
练习题
1) You _______ swim in this part of the lake. It’s dangerous.
2)— ________ I tell him the truth right now?
— No, you ________. You can tell him about it later.
3)---Do we mush finish our homework this afternoon?
---Yes, you______.
A.must B.can C.may D.need
4)我不必呆在这里。
___________________________________________________________________________
5)杰克生病了，他不得不呆在家里。

3.prepare v.做好准备，把……准备好
eg. My mother always prepares a big breakfast for me every morning.
妈妈每天早上总是为我准备一顿丰盛的早餐。
为……做准备
prepare for 为……做准备
make preparations for
get ready for……
eg.Their teacher told them to prepare for the coming speech contest.
The smiths are making preparations for this journey.
准备去做
prepare to do sth. 准备去做……
get ready to do
Make preparations to do

prepare sb. for 使某人为……而准备
We must prepare him for the bad news. 我们必须使他为这个坏消息做好准备。
be prepared for/ to do
They are prepared for anything that might happen.
他们已准备好了应对任何可能发生的事情。
preparation 准备，准备工作 可数名词
be in preparation 正在准备中
Her daughter’s wedding is in preparation.
她女儿的婚礼正在准备中。
4.so that 以至于，以便于
Eg.This little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mother’s Day.
这个小男孩省下每一枚硬币，这样才能在母亲节那天给他的妈妈买份礼物。
1) 辨析 so that 与so…that

so that 表示目的(多) 表结果
She worked hard so that everything would be ready in time.
so…that 表结果
She spoke so quietly that I could hardly hear her.

2) so that 与 in order that 都表示目的后加从句

3) in order to 与so as to 后加动词原形

4) so …that such…that

He is so good a student that we all like him.

= He is such a good student that we all like him.

名前such 形副so 多多少少都用so

5) so…that 后从句用否定

太……而不能 too…to 本身有否定

not…enough to do形容词副词置于enough，前用not 表否定

5. by
表示时间，意为“不迟于，在……之前”
Please hand in your homework by 6p.m.
请在下午六点前交作业。
表示方式，方法，手段等，后常接无冠词的名词或者动名词，意为“通过；靠；用”
Don’t judge a person by appearance.
请不要以貌取人。
I learned this song by listening to the radio.
我通过听广播学了这首歌。
表示交通路线或者工具，后接不用冠词的名词，意为“乘；坐；骑；”
by bus/plane/train/taxi 乘公交车/飞机/火车/出租车
by bike 骑自行车
by land/sea/air 经陆路 海陆 空中路线
表示位置，意为“在……旁边”
They went camping by the river. 他们去了河边露营。
6. refuse v. 拒绝
eg.She refused their invitation.
她拒绝了他们的邀请。
refuse sb./sth. 拒绝某人/某事
refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
I refuse to answer that question.
refuse 范围较广 refuse a fact 不承认事实

turn down 把音量调低，拒绝 对象通常是提案，建议

decline 谢绝；婉拒 She declined to have dinner with her friend.
7. available adj. 有空的，可获得的
Eg. The doctor is not available now. 医生现在没空。
有空的 不用于名词前 Will she be available today?
Available
可获得的 常用于名词前 This is the only room available.
8. until conj.&prep. 到……时，直到……时

介词 表示动作状态继续道……为止 I waited until three o’clock.
动词为可延续动词
用于否定句到……为止；直到……才The noise didn’t stop until midnight.
动词为短暂性
表动作状态继续直到另一个动作或状态出现
连词 He lived with his parents until he got married. 主句动词为延续性
用于否定句直到……才；不到……不
The children won’t come home until it’s dark.
主句动词为短暂词
9. hang v.悬挂；垂下
I’m hanging this picture on the wall.
我正在把这幅画挂在墙上。
hang 意为 悬挂
I always hang my coat on the chair after I get home.
到家后我总是把衣服挂在椅子上。
hang out 常去某处；泡在某处；出去玩
hang about/around 闲逛
hang up 挂断电话
hang 还有绞死，上吊 过去式 hanged hanged
Eg. The man was hanged for murder.
那男人因谋杀罪被处绞刑。
10. catch v. 及时赶上；接住；抓住
The cat catches mice. 猫捉老鼠。
catch a cold 得感冒
catch the bus 赶公交
catch fire 着火
catch one’s breath 喘口气
catch up with 赶上
catch you later 稍后联系你；回头见

11. without prep. 没有，不
eg.She entered the room without knocking.
名/代
without +

6、重新使用是指多次或用另一种方法来使用已用过的物品，它也是减少垃圾的重要方法。 动名词

2、人们通常处理垃圾的方法有填埋或焚烧。 It wasn’t polite of you to serve yourself without asking.
----Jack, is maths difficult to learn in high school?
---Sure. No subject can be learned well _____hard work.
A. without B.through C.by D.with

5、在咀嚼米饭过程中，米饭出现了甜味，说明了什么？
12. accept v.接受
eg.He asked her to marry him and she accepted.
他向她求婚，他同意了。
Accept 客观 被动 通常是接受 accept a gift

10、由于人口迅速增长、环境污染和全球气候变暖，世界人均供水量自1970年以来开始减少，而且持续下降。
Receive 主观 主动 通常是收到 receive an education
13. invite v. 邀请

15、经过有效处理的废水，可以排放到湖泊、河流和海洋中，也可以渗入地下。 eg.Tony invited the whole class to his birthday party.
托尼邀请了全班同学去他的生日派对。

21、人们发现银河系以外还有类似银河系一样庞大的恒星集团，如：仙女座星系、猎犬座星系，目前人类已发现了超过100亿个河外星系。 invite sb. to do 邀请某人做……

14、在太阳周围的八颗大行星，它们是水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星、海王星。 Maybe we should invite them to join us.
也许我们应邀请他们加入我们。
make an invitation 提出/发出邀请
accept an invitation 接受邀请

8、对生活垃圾进行分类和分装，这是我们每个公民应尽的义务。 decline/refuse an invitation 拒绝邀请
Thank you for _____me.

答：如蚂蚁、蝗虫、蚕蛾、蚜虫、蟋蟀、蝉、蝴蝶、蜜蜂、七星瓢虫等。Thanks for your_______.

答：如蚂蚁、蝗虫、蚕蛾、蚜虫、蟋蟀、蝉、蝴蝶、蜜蜂、七星瓢虫等。