古希腊神话神的家族.pptx

Lecture 2 Greek Mythology II.Ancient Greek CivilizationsII.ReadingsIII.Creation of Human BeingsIV.TheogonyV.Twelve major Gods and goddesses I.Ancient Greek Civilizations1.Minoan Civilization(Cretan Civilization;30001100 B.C.)2.Mycenean Civilization(fall 13001000 B.C.)II.Readings汉语译本1。周作人译本希腊神话，北师大图书馆2。杨周翰译本变形记，人民文学出版社楚图南译本希腊神话和传说德国 斯威布人民文学出版社1959年、2003年版定价：26元罗念生、王焕生译本荷马史诗人民文学出版社97年，00年版English VersionThe Iliad,The Odysseytrans.by George Chapman by Alexander Popeby Samuel Butler by Ian JohnstonTheogony,by Hesiod MetamorphosesOvidTrans.A.D.MelvilleOUPThe AeneidVirgilTrans.by C.D.LewisOUPIII.Creation of Human Being1.Prometheus2.Athena3.Cura4.AutochthonousResources奥维德：变形记第一卷 第1449行Hesiod:TheogonyFive transformations1.Golden Age2.Silver Age3.Bronze Age 4.Age of Heroes5.Age of IronThe Golden AgeGolden AgeEverlasting spring,streams of milk and nectar flowed,and honey was distilled from the oak.No law was necessary.No war was necessary.No one believes in it.The Golden Age of mortal people was wonderful.They extended friendship to all mortals and respect to all immortals.They lived without disease or hardship.When it came time for them to die,they laid down to sleep and awoke as a blessed spirit,roaming the earth and doing good deeds for all the righteous souls they meet.The Silver Age Silver AgeWorse than its predecessorDestroyed by ZeusThe Bronze and Heroic AgesThe Age of BronzeMortals were made from the ash spear.Men of warcraft and violenceExtinguished themselves and Hesiod does not say if they were turned into spirits.The Age of HeroesMade by ZeusAge of Blood and GlorySons and daughters of the immortals populated the earth alongside the mere mortalsNobler and more righteous:a god-like race of heroes,called demigodsThe pawns of Heroes and the toys of the immortals.Zeus established a godly domain for the spirits for the deceased heroes at the end of the world.Zeus also released his father Cronos from Tartaros to join the heroes in their paradise.Iron AgeThe age of Hesiod(800 B.C.)and also the age we live in now.We are doomed to hardship and finally,pitiless destruction.“men never rest from labor and sorrow by day,and from perishing by night.Modesty,truth,and faith leave the earth,and in their place come tricks,plots,traps,violence,and unbridled love of profit.IV.TheogonyChaosGaeaUranusThe 1st and 2nd GenerationChaosResource:Hesiod,Theogony,ll.116-123the void which came into being before anything else.not a void,but a rough unordered mass of things.some say that Chaos was born from Mist,and that Mist was the first to exist Followed by Gaea,and Erostogether with Erebus and Nyx&TartarusGaeaResource:Hesiod,Theogony,ll.116-200,233-239,453-506,617-735,820-900Mother and wife of UranusMother of Titans,the Cyclopes,and the HecatoncheiresGaea(Gaia)prophetic powersDaphnis a Mountain Nymph(Oread)ThemisPhoebePhoebus ApolloUranus1.No starry sky2.Cruel against his children3.Castration of UranusMy children,gotten of a sinful father,if you will obey me,we should punish the vile outrage of your father;for he first thought of doing shameful things.Gaia to the TITANS.Hesiod,Theogony 165Cronos/Kronos and ChronosChronosTime,father of Horae,of Aether and Eros Aeschylus,Sophocles,Pindar,CiceroSometimes identified with CronosCronos/KronosMother,I will undertake to do this deed,for I reverence not our father of evil name,for he first thought of doing shameful things.Cronos to Gaea.Hesiod,Theogony,l.1701.Cronos eager to revolt2.Castration of Uranus3.Imprisonment of his brothers 4.the Punishment of Neoptolemus5.Cronos Meets Philyra6.the Divine Vomit7.Banished by ZeusRheaThe 4th GenerationHestia-VestaDemeter-CeresHera-JunoHades-PlutoDispater,OrcusPoseidon-NeptuneZeus-JupiterOther DeitiesAphrodite-VenusApolloAres-MarsArtemis-DianaAthena,MinervaDionysusBacchusHephaestus-VulcanHermes-MercuryQuestionsCompare the narrations of 5 ages of human being and work out the differences among them.It would be better to tell the roles which moral played in each Age of human being.