河海大学研究生英语教材课文翻译1-6单元.doc

Unit 1Tenpenceforaviewoverthebay.saidtheoldmanwiththetelescope.Lovelyclearmorning.Havealookattheoldlighthouseandtheremainsofthegreatshipwreck of1935.十便士看一次海湾风光，”那个带着一架望远镜的老头说道：“多么晴朗美丽的早晨。请来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年失事的大轮船残骸吧。”Tenpencewassheerrobbery,buttheviewwascertainlymagnificent.要十便士简直是敲诈勒索，可是海湾的景色确实壮丽。Cliffsstretchedintothedistance,sparklingwaveswhippedbythewindwereunrollingontothe beach,andafewyachts,withcreamy-whitesails,werecurvinganddodginggracefullyonthesea.Justbelow,aflockofseagullswerescreamingatoneanotherastheytwistedandglidedover thewater.Amileouttosea,theoldlighthousestoodonastoneplatformontherocks,which werebeinggreedilylickedbythewaves.InnowayindeeddidIgrudgemymoney.AsIdirected thetelescopetowardsthelighthouse,themanbesidemetappedmywrist.峭壁向远方伸展，海风激起的阵阵波浪泛着白花，冲上海滩。海面上几艘游艇张着乳白色的风帆优雅地避开浪头蜿蜓前进。山崖下面，一群海鸥相互叫唤着，在海面上盘旋飞翔。离岸一英里处，在海浪贪婪地吮舔着的岩岸上，那座古老的灯塔矗立在一座石头平台上。说实话，我毫不吝惜那几个钱。当我把望远镜转朝灯塔时，站在我身旁的那个老头拍了拍我的手腕。Haveyouheardabouttheterribletragedythatoccurredthereinthatlighthouse?heaskedinahushedwhisper.Iimaginetheremaybeplentyoflegendsattachedtosuchadramatic-lookingplace,Isuggested.“您听过在那座灯塔里发生的一起骇人听闻的惨案吗?”他压低了嗓声对我说。“我想这个地方看起来非常富有戏剧性，有关它的传说一定不少，”我说。Itsnolegend,declaredtheoldman.Myfatherknewthetwomeninvolved.Italltookplacefiftyyearsagoto-day.Letmetellyou.Hisvoiceseemedtogrowdeeperandmoredramatic.“这可不是传说，”那老头郑重其事地说。“我父亲认识那起惨案的两个当事人。一切都发生在50年前的今天。让我说给您听听吧。”他的声音似乎变得更低沉、更富有戏剧性了。Forawholeweekthatlighthousehadbeenisolatedbystorms,hebegan,withterrifyingseas surgingandcrashingovertherocks.Peopleonshorewereanxiousaboutthetwomenworkingthere.Theydbeenonthebestoftermsuntiltwoorthreeweeksbefore,whentheyhadquarrelledovercardsinthevillageinn.MartinhadaccusedBlakeofcheating.Blakehadvowedtoavengetheinsulttohishonour.Butthankstothewiseadviceofamantheybothrespected,theyapologisedtoeachother,andsoonseemedtohavegotovertheirdisagreement.Butsomeslightresentmentandbitternessremained.anditwasfearedthatthestrainofcontinuedisolationandroughweathermightaffecttheirnerves,though,needlesstosay,theirfriendshadnoideahowserioustheconsequenceswouldbe.“整整一个礼拜，风暴困住了那座灯塔，”他开始说。“咆啸的大海波涛汹涌，海浪拍打着岩石，轰然作响。岸上的人们十分担心在那儿工作的两个人。他们俩是多年的挚友，但在两三个礼拜前，他们在乡村酒店里玩牌时吵了一架。马丁指责布莱克打牌时耍赖，布莱克则发誓要对侮辱他人格的不实之辞进行报复。多亏一位他们俩都尊敬的人好言相劝，他们才互相道了歉，并以乎很快地结束了他们之间的不快。不过各自心里还有些怨恨。因此，人们担心长时间与世隔绝所造成的极度紧张和恶劣的天气会使他们俩神经过敏，尽管两人的朋友们不消说还根本没意识到后果会有多么严重。”Fiftyyearsagoto-night,nolightappearedinthetower,andonlyattwooclockinthemorningdidthebeamsuddenlystarttoflashoutitswarningagain.Thenextmorningthelightwasstillvisible.Thestormhadalmostblownitselfout,soareliefboatsetouttoinvestigate.Agrimdiscoveryawaitedthecrew.Themensliving-roomwasinahorrifyingstate.Thetablewasover-turned:apackofplayingcardswasscatteredeverywhere:bloodstainssplashedthefloor.ThereliefmenclimbedthewindingstairtothelanternroomandtherediscoveredMartinsbody,crouchedbesidetheburninglamp.Hehadbeenstabbedandwasdead.Twodayslater,Blakesbodywaswashedup.scratched,bruised,andterriblyinjured.“离今50年前的那个晚上，灯塔上没有出现灯光，直到凌晨两点钟左右才有一束灯光突然发出警告信号。“第二天早上，灯光依然可见。风暴已经平息了，人们派出一条救生船前去查看情况。等待人们的却是一个不忍目睹的场面马丁和布莱克的起居室一片骇人景象，桌子翻倒在地，一副牌散得到处都是，地板上溅满了血迹。营救人员爬上旋梯来到灯塔间，在那儿发现了马丁的尸体蜷缩在仍然亮着的灯旁。他是被戳死的。两天后，布莱克的尸体被潮水冲了上来，他身上划破多处，浑身青肿，伤得不轻。Onlythencouldwereallystartguessingwhathadhappened.Thisgreattragedycouldonlyhavebeenduetoarenewaloftheirquarrel.Boredanddepressedasaresultoftheirisolation,MartinandBlakemusthavestartedtoplaycards.Againsuspectingcheating,Martinhadaccusedhisformerfriendofdishonesty;afighthadbrokenoutandBlakehadseizedhisknife.Inafitofmadnesshehadattackedhiscompanion,whohadfallenmortallywounded.Then,appalledbywhathehaddone,theloneliness,thebatteringofwindandwaves,Blakehadrushedtotheparapetandflunghimselfontotherocksbelow,wheretheseahadclaimedhim.“我们只是在那时才猜测到究竟发生了什么事。这场大惨剧只是由于他们俩再次争吵而引起的。他们准是因为与世隔绝而心烦意孔，于是开始玩牌。马丁又怀疑布莱克耍赖，指责这位原先的朋友不老实。接着一场格斗发生了，布莱克一把操起刀子，在一阵狂怒之下向他的伙伴刺去，马丁受了致命伤而倒下。布莱克被自己的行为惊呆了。他受不了这里的孤独寂寞以及风浪的拍击声，于是狂奔到栏杆边纵身投向下面的岩石。接着大海吞噬了他。ButMartinwasstillalive.Hourslater,afterdarknesshadfallen,hehadrecoveredconsciousness.Herememberedhisjoboflightingthelamp;sufferingintensepain,thepoorwretchcrawledslowlyupthewindingstaircase,dragginghimselffromsteptosteptillhegottothelantern.Athislastgasphemanagedtolightthisbeforefinallycollapsing.“但当时马丁还活着。过了几小时，也就是在天色暗下来以后，他苏醒过来，想起了自己点灯的职责。于是，可怜的马丁忍着剧痛，慢慢地爬上旋梯，一步一步地爬到灯前。用最后剩下的一口气，他点亮了灯塔，然后倒下。Foryearsafterwardsitwassaidthatthelighthousewashaunted,and,owingtothesestories,theydidnthaveanyapplicantsforthejoboflighthouse-keeperfromamongthesuperstitiouslocalinhabitants.Andnowtheysaythatoneveryanniversaryofthatday,especiallywhentheseaisrough,youcanstandintheliving-room,hearthecardsfailingandthesoundofangrycries,seetheflashofablade,andthenglimpseafigurerushingtotheparapet.Andthenyouheartheslowdraggingofabodyfromsteptosteptowardstheroomabove.“数年后，据说那座灯塔闹鬼了。就因为这些传说，当地迷信的居民中没有人愿意接替做灯塔管理员。如今人们都说，每年到出事的那一天，尤其是当海上风急浪高的时候，人们站在起居室里就能听到摔牌声和怒吼声，就能看到刀刃的寒光，还会瞥见一个人影奔向栏杆，然后听到一个人缓慢地向塔顶爬去。”TheoldmanpausedandIturnedtogo.Bytheway,headded,haveyouanyfreetimethisafternoon?Ifso,whydontyouhaveteainthelighthouse?Weareputtingonaspecialboattripto-day.Werechargingapound.Andmybrother,whoboughttheoldlighthousewhentheybuiltthenewonejustonthepoint,canserveverygoodteasthere-includedinthepriceoftheboattrip-abargain,consideringtheproblemofobtainingthefood.Andifyouareatallsensitivetothesupernatural,yourelikelytohaveanunusual,perhapsanuncannyexperiencethere.老头停了停，我转身欲走。“对了，”他又开口了，“今天下午您有空吗?要是有空，干吗不到那座灯塔去喝杯茶?今天我们开专船，收费一镑，人们在原址建造了一座新灯塔，我兄弟买下了那座旧的。他能沏好茶茶钱都算在船费里了价钱公道，要知道搞到食品是很费事的。如果您对鬼之类的神奇东西有那么一点儿兴趣的话，这可能是一次不寻常的，大概还是不可思议的经历呢。”Ieyedhimappreciatively.Yourewastingyourtalents,Isaid.Youshouldhavebeenafictionwriter.我以赏识的目光打量了他一下说：“您真是在浪费您的才能。您应该当个小说家。”Youdontbelieveit?exclaimedtheoldmanindignantly.Idfinditajob,Ianswered.Myfather,HenryCox,startedaskeeperofthatlighthousefifty-twoyearsago,andheandJimDowley,nowretiredonapension,wereinchargefortenyears.Comeandseemydadonedaywiththattale;hedenjoyit.Buttheoldmanhadalreadyturnedhisattentiontoamorelikelyclient.“很难相信，”我回答说。“我父亲叫亨利?科克斯，52年前就开始在那里当灯塔管理员，现在他和吉姆?道利都已退休拿养老金。他们一起看守灯塔有十年之久。哪天您不妨去看看我的父亲，并把故事讲给他听，他一定会欣赏的。”但老头已把注意力转向一个更有可能上当的顾客身上去了。Unit 2Amanorwomanmakesdirectcontactwithsocietyintwoways:asamemberofsomefamilial,professionalorreligiousgroup,orasamemberofacrowd.Groupsarecapableofbeingasmoralandintelligentastheindividualswhoformthem;acrowdischaotic,hasnopurposeofitsownandiscapableofanythingexceptintelligentactionandrealisticthinking.Assembledinacrowd,peoplelosetheirpowersofreasoningandtheircapacityformoralchoice.Theirsuggestibilityisincreasedtothepointwheretheyceasetohaveanyjudgementorwilloftheirown.Theybecomeveryexcitable,theyloseallsenseofindividualorcollectiveresponsibility,theyaresubjecttosuddenexcessesofrage,enthusiasmandpanic.Inaword,amaninacrowdbehavesasthoughhehadswallowedalargedoseofsomepowerfulintoxicant.HeisavictimofwhatIhavecalledherd-poisoning.Likealcohol,herd-poisonisanactive,extravagantdrug.Thecrowd-intoxicatedindividualescapesfromresponsibility,intelligenceandmoralityintoakindoffrantic,animalmindlessness.一个人通过以下两种方式与社会直接接触：作为某个家庭、职业或宗教组织的成员，或者仅仅是隶属于某个群体。一个组织所表现出来的智慧和道义是与其成员的一致的，而一个群体却是无秩序的，没有特定的目的并且无法进行明智的行为和现实性的思考。在一个群体里，人们失去了用逻辑思维来推论和选择对与错的能力，取而代之的是那个群体的集体思维的选择。他们因此也变得极为亢奋，将作为个人和大众的责任全都抛之脑后，易受到意想不到的过多怒气、狂热以及恐惧而极度情绪化。总之，一个人身处某个群体里就好像吃了大量的烈性致醉药物，他自己便是这种有毒药物的牺牲品。和酒精一样，这种药物能使人兴奋，并且是极度兴奋。被这种群体药物麻醉的人逃避责任，不愿动脑子，失去道德感，变得和疯子、动物没两样。Readingisaprivate,notacollectiveactivity.Thewriterspeaksonlytoindividuals,sittingbythemselvesinastateofnormalsobriety.Theoratorspeakstomassesofindividuals,alreadywell-primedwithherd-poison.Theyareathismercyand,ifheknowshisbusiness,hecandowhathelikeswiththem.阅读是一种个人而不是集体的思维活动。作者叙述的对象是处于清醒状态的个人，而演讲家讲演的对象是由一个个被麻醉的个人组成的群体。这个群体已经处在他的控制当中，如果他知道这种情况的话，如果他愿意的话他可以随意的煽动这些人。Unlikethemasses,intellectualshaveatasteforrationalityandaninterestinfacts.Theircriticalhabitofmindmakesthemresistanttothekindofpropagandathatworkssowellonthemajority.Intellectualsarethekindofpeoplewhodemandevidenceandareshockedbylogicalinconsistenciesandfallacies.Theyregardover-simplificationastheoriginalsinofthemindandhavenousefortheslogans,theunqualifiedassertionsandsweepinggeneralizationswhicharethepropagandistsstock-in-trade.和大多数人不一样，知识分子崇尚理性，讲究事实。对大多数人都有影响的宣传在他们这失去了应有的效果便是得益于这种思维方式。知识分子就是这么一些注重证据以及对逻辑的不一致与欺骗性感到震惊的人。他们认为过于简单化是思想的原罪，标语、毫无道理的断言和大量的概括性用语等宣传家们常用的伎俩对他们毫无作用。Philosophyteachesustofeeluncertainaboutthethingsthatseemtousself-evident.Propaganda,ontheotherhand,teachesustoacceptasself-evidentmattersaboutwhichit wouldbereasonabletosuspendourjudgementortofeeldoubt.Thepropagandistmustthereforebeconsistentlydogmatic.Allhisstatementsaremadewithoutqualifications.Therearenogreysinhispictureoftheworld;everythingiseitherdiabolicallyblackorcelestiallywhite.Hemustneveradmitthathemightbewrongorthatpeoplewithadifferentpointofviewmightbeevenpartiallyright.Opponentsshouldnotbearguedwith;theyshouldbeattacked,shouteddown,oriftheybecometoomuchofanuisance,liquidated.哲学告诉我们要对那些不证自明的事情进行怀疑。而宣传家们却恰恰相反，他们教我们要无条件的接受这些本应该受到质疑东西。因此他们是始终如一的教条主义分子，说的话都是不允许他人质疑的。在他们的世界里，只存在邪恶的黑色和崇高的白色而没有处于中间的灰色。他们从不承认自己有一点点的错误，也决不会认为别人有部分是对的，更不会和对手讲道理，只会用蛮力对对手进行攻击压制，一旦他们感到这些反对者太过讨厌就把这些人终结了。Virtueandintelligencebelongtohumanbeingsasindividualsfreelyassociatingwithotherindividualsinsmallgroups.Sodosinandstupidity.Butthesubhumanmindlessnesstowhichthe demagoguemakeshisappeal,themoralimbecilityonwhichherelieswhenhegoadshisvictimsintoaction,arecharacteristicnotofmenandwomenasindividuals,butofmenandwomeninmasses.Mindlessnessandmoralidiocyarenotcharacteristicallyhumanattributes;theyaresymptomsofherd-poisoning.Inalltheworldshigherreligions,salvationandenlightenmentareforindividuals.Thekingdomofheaveniswithinthemindofaperson,notwithinthecollectivemindlessnessofacrowd.在小组织里，人与人作为个体而进行自由交往时美德和智慧就会成为他们个人的特点，罪孽和愚钝也是一样。但是煽动分子经常依靠的低人类的盲目和他们进行煽动时所凭借的被煽动者的道德障碍是人在群体里表现的特征而不是人本身的特征。盲目和道德障碍不是人的本性，而是被药物麻醉后的症状。在世界所有有更高宗教信仰的地区，超度和启蒙的对象都是个人。因知道上帝而获得的安详和快乐只会存在于个人的心里，而不是集体无知的群体里。Inanageofacceleratingover-population,ofacceleratingover-organizationandevermore efficientmeansofmasscommunication,howcanwepreservetheintegrityandreassertthevalueofthehumanindividual?Thisisaquestionthatcanstillbeaskedandperhapseffectivelyanswered.Agenerationfromnowitmaybetoolatetofindananswerandperhapsimpossible,inthe stiflingcollectiveclimateofthatfuturetime,eventoaskthequestion.在一个人口和社会组织急剧膨胀以及公众交流方式前所未有多的年代，我们要如何保护人类个体的完整性，重申人类个体的价值呢？这是一个仍需解答的也是一直被深刻探询的问题。也许等到下一代即使找到答案也为时过晚，也许在那样一个集体气候极为浓重的年代就是连问这个问题也变的不可能了。在这个人口不断膨胀，组织不断增多，大众交流越来越便利时代，个人应该如何保持正直，坚定个人信仰？这个问题仍然悬而未决，或许有人提出了有效的回答。或许一代人解决不了，或许在将来令人窒息的大众氛围下这种问题都不能提出来。Unit 3:On friendshipFew Americans stay put for a lifetime.We move from town to city to suburb,from high school to college in a different state,from a job in one region to a better job elsewhere,from the home where we raise our children to the home where we plan to live in retirement.With each move we are forever making new friends ,who become part of our new life at that time.很少有美国人一辈子呆在一个地方，我们从镇上搬到城市再搬到郊区，我们在一个州上高中又在另一个州上大学，我们在一个地区找到一份工作，又在别的地方找到一份更好的工作，我们从那个抚养我们孩子的家再搬到一个我们退休居住的家。每一次迁徙我们都会一直结交新朋友，而这些朋友会从那时起成为我们新生活的一部分。For many of us the summer is a special time for forming new friendships.Today millions of Americans vacation abroad,and they go not only to see new sights but also-in those places where they do not feel too strange-with the hope of meeting new people.No one really expects a vacation trip to produce a close friend.But surely the beginning of a friendship is possible?Surely in every country people value friendship?对我们很多人来说，夏天是一个建立新友谊的特殊时期。如今，数百万的美国人在国外度假，他们不仅仅是去欣赏风景，同时也希望在那里预见新的人们而使那个地方不再那么陌生。没有人会指望通过一个假期就结交一个密友。但是是不是一定可能开始一段友谊呢？是不是每个国家的人都理所当然的很珍惜友谊呢？They do.The difficulty when strangers from two countries meet is not a lack of appreciation of friendship but different expectation about what constitutes friendship and how it comes into being.In those European countries that Americans are most likely to visit,friendship is quite sharply distinguished from other, more casual relations,and is differently related to family life.For a Frenchman,a German or an Englishman friendship is usually more particularized and carries a heavier burden of commitment.是的，人们都很珍惜友谊。当两个来自不同国家的陌生人相处产生的困难不是缺乏对友谊的珍惜，而是他们对于友谊里包含什么和怎么形成友谊的期望不同。在那些美国人最喜欢去造访的欧洲国家，友谊与其他很随便的关系有着绝对的不同，并且与家庭生活也很不一样。对于法国人、德国人和英国人，友谊通常显得更加特别，并且承载着更重的需要承诺的负担。But as we use the word,”friend” can be applied to a wide range of relationships-to someone one has known for a few weeks in a new place,to a close business associate,to a childhood playmate,to a man or women,to a trusted confidant.There are real differences among these relations for Americans-a friendship may be superficial,casual,situational or deep and enduring.But to a European,who sees only our surface behavior,the differences are not clear.但是就像我们对这个词的使用一样，“朋友”可以用在许多各种不同的关系上，我们可以称一个几星期前在一个新地方认识的人为朋友，成一个亲近的生意伙伴为朋友，称儿时的玩伴为朋友，对任意一个男人女人或者是一个新任的知己。对于美国人而言，这些关系有着本质的区别，一段友谊可能是表面化的，随便的，环境形成的，或者是深刻和持久的。但是，对于只看重表面行为的欧洲人而言，区别就不那么明显了。As they see it,people known and accepted temporarily,casually,flow in and out of Americans homes with little ceremony and often with little personal commitment.They may be parents of the childrens friends,house guests of neighbors,members of a committee,business associates from another town or even another country.Coming as a guest into an American home,the European visitor finds no visible landmarks.The atmosphere is relaxing.