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一.语法点(理解)
1.There be句型表示“某处有某物”
(1)其中there is 用于单数名词或不可数名词,如:
There is a pencil case in the school bag. There is some soup/milk /tea/coffee/juice/water/chocolate.
(2)There are用于可数名词的复数,如: There are some desks in the classroom.
(3)There be 句型的就近原则:be
动词后面如果跟的是不止一种物品,就根据离它最近的物品选用is或are.如:There are some pictures and a telephone. There is a telephone and some pictures.
2.There be 句型的否定形式:在be动词的后面加not(is not可以缩写为isn't,are not可以缩写为 aren't)把some 改成any。
例:There is a pencil in the pencil-box.(改为否定句) There isn't a pencil in the pencil-box.
There are some crayons on the desk.(改为否定句) There aren't any crayons on the desk.
3.“some”和“any”都有“一些”的意思.“some”一般用于肯定句,“any”用于否定句和一般疑问句。但在一些表示委婉请求,想得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中,也用“some”.
例:1.There are some watermelons in the basket.(肯定句)
2.There aren't any birds in the tree.(否定句)
3.Are there any toy trains on the table?(疑问句
) 4.Would you like some tea?(表委婉请求)
4.can在否定句中的用法:表示某人不能做某事时,通常在can后面加否定词not, 后面加动词原形。 Bobby cannot(can’t) see any cakes in the fridge.
5. 感叹句的结构:感叹句常用how或what来引导
(1)what引导的感叹句
a.What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数!What a beautiful house!
b.What+形容词+可数名词复数! What nice dresses!
c. What+形容词+不可数名词! What delicious milk!
(2)how引导的感叹句 How+形容词/副词! How nice!
二. 四、语法点(理解)
1.How many...(可数名词复数) are there...? 用于询问某处有多少...
例:
How many classrooms are there in our school? 2.There be 的一般疑问句,是将be动词提前到there的前面,表示“有......?”
(1)Is there...? Yes, there is ./ No, there isn’t . 例:Is there a music room ?
(2)Are there any...? Yes, there are./ No, there aren’t. 例:Are there any books?
3.几个缩写 isn’t = is not aren’t= are not it’s = it is they’re= they are
4.序数词
one ----- first two --- second three---- third four---fourth five---fifth six---sixth
5.在楼层前用介词on , on the first /second/ third floor 在一/二/三楼...
三、语法 have / has 的用法
1、表示某人有某物。
2、主语是第一、第二人称单数和复数时用 have, 如 I, you, we, they, the students „
主语是第三人称单数时用 has, 如 he, she, it, Helen, the bird, my father „
3、肯定句: „ have / has „
We have a PE lesson on Monday morning. / It has a long tail. 否定句: „ don’t / doesn’t +have „
They don’t have animal friends. / She doesn’t have a dog.
一般疑问句: Do / Does „ have „ Yes, „do / does. No, „ don’t / don’t.
Do you have a football? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
Does he have a toy car? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
四、语法
1. 询问别人喜欢干某事,What do/ does „ like doing ?
喜欢干某事 like doing sth, doing
表示喜欢经常做一件事。主语是第三人称单数时注意like后面加s.
不喜欢干某事 don’t/ doesn’t like doing sth
2.动名词的变化规律:
a. 一般情况下在动词后面加 ing. 如 going, reading, drawing, playing„
b. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e再加ing. 如 dancing, making„
c. 以“元音+辅音”结尾的重读闭音节单词,先双写辅音字母再加ing. 如 swimming, running, getting, putting„
五【语法知识】
1. 如何询问他人的职业
1)What does + 某人 (your father, David...)do ? He / She is a / an +职业(farmer, teacher, doctor...)
例如:What does your father do? He is a doctor. 你爸爸做什么的? 他是一个医生。
还可以这么问他人的职业:
2)What is + 某人? What is your father? 你爸爸做什么的?
3)What’s somebody’s job? What’s your father’s job? 你爸爸做什么的?
2. 询问“你”的职业
1) What’s your job? 你是做什么的? I am an English teacher. 我是一个英语老师。
2)What do you do? 你是做什么的 I am a worker. 我是一名工人。
动词在第三人称单数形式的变化规则
规则 例词
一般情况下,直接在动词的词尾加-s。 run - runs look - looks see -sees say -says
以-s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o结尾的动词,一般在词尾加-es. teach-teaches go-goes fix-fixes wash-washes
pass-passes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先边y为i, 再加-es. study-studies try- tries
以元音字母加y结尾的动词,直接在词尾加-s。 play-plays stay-stays
注意:go(三单)——goes have(三单)——has
六 语法
1. Does he / she „? 一般疑问句 句中没有be动词,变为一般疑问句要借助助动词do / does。助动词形态由主语的人称决定。
Does he / she „? 主语为第三人称单数,用does其结构为:Does +主语+谓语动词+其他?
2. What subjects does „ like? 特殊疑问句 这个句子用来询问他人喜欢什么科目的疑问句。用于第三人称单数,在本句中用助动词does。注意回答时like后面要加s。
七、语法:1.频率副词always , usually, often , sometimes ,按其频率高低排列为:always > usually > often > sometimes。
2. 询问某人在周末做什么的句型—What (do /does ) 主语do at weekends? 答句: 主语+动词原形/动词三单形式„„
. ★do / does: 助动词,由主语的人称数而定. 主语是第三人称单数时,用does, 主语是第一人称、第二人称、第三人称复数时,用do.
★答句: 如果主语是第三人称单数,则要用动词三单形式;主语是第一人称、第二人称、第三人称复数时用动词原形。
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