1、一语法点(理解) 1.There be句型表示“某处有某物” (1)其中there is 用于单数名词或不可数名词,如: There is a pencil case in the school bag. There is some soup/milk /tea/coffee/juice/water/chocolate. (2)There are用于可数名词的复数,如: There are some desks in the classroom. (3)There be 句型的就近原则:be动词后面如果跟的是不止一种物品,就根据离它最近的物品选用is或are.如:There are some
2、pictures and a telephone. There is a telephone and some pictures. 2.There be 句型的否定形式:在be动词的后面加not(is not可以缩写为isnt,are not可以缩写为 arent)把some 改成any。 例:There is a pencil in the pencil-box.(改为否定句) There isnt a pencil in the pencil-box.There are some crayons on the desk.(改为否定句) There arent any crayons on
3、the desk. 3.“some”和“any”都有“一些”的意思.“some”一般用于肯定句,“any”用于否定句和一般疑问句。但在一些表示委婉请求,想得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中,也用“some”. 例:1.There are some watermelons in the basket.(肯定句) 2.There arent any birds in the tree.(否定句) 3.Are there any toy trains on the table?(疑问句) 4.Would you like some tea?(表委婉请求) 4.can在否定句中的用法:表示某人不能做某事时,通
4、常在can后面加否定词not, 后面加动词原形。 Bobby cannot(cant) see any cakes in the fridge. 5. 感叹句的结构:感叹句常用how或what来引导 (1)what引导的感叹句 a.What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数!What a beautiful house! b.What+形容词+可数名词复数! What nice dresses! c. What+形容词+不可数名词! What delicious milk! (2)how引导的感叹句 How+形容词/副词! How nice!二 四、语法点(理解) 1.How many.(可数名
5、词复数) are there.? 用于询问某处有多少. 例:How many classrooms are there in our school? 2.There be 的一般疑问句,是将be动词提前到there的前面,表示“有.?” (1)Is there.? Yes, there is ./ No, there isnt . 例:Is there a music room ? (2)Are there any.? Yes, there are./ No, there arent. 例:Are there any books? 3.几个缩写 isnt = is not arent= are
6、 not its = it is theyre= they are 4.序数词 one - first two - second three- third four-fourth five-fifth six-sixth 5.在楼层前用介词on , on the first /second/ third floor 在一/二/三楼.三、语法 have / has 的用法 1、表示某人有某物。 2、主语是第一、第二人称单数和复数时用 have, 如 I, you, we, they, the students 主语是第三人称单数时用 has, 如 he, she, it, Helen, the
7、bird, my father 3、肯定句: have / has We have a PE lesson on Monday morning. / It has a long tail. 否定句: dont / doesnt +have They dont have animal friends. / She doesnt have a dog. 一般疑问句: Do / Does have Yes, do / does. No, dont / dont. Do you have a football? Yes, I do. / No, I dont. Does he have a toy c
8、ar? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.四、语法 1. 询问别人喜欢干某事,What do/ does like doing ? 喜欢干某事 like doing sth, doing表示喜欢经常做一件事。主语是第三人称单数时注意like后面加s. 不喜欢干某事 dont/ doesnt like doing sth 2.动名词的变化规律: a. 一般情况下在动词后面加 ing. 如 going, reading, drawing, playing b. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e再加ing. 如 dancing, making c. 以“元音+辅音”结尾的重
9、读闭音节单词,先双写辅音字母再加ing. 如 swimming, running, getting, putting五【语法知识】 1. 如何询问他人的职业 1)What does + 某人 (your father, David.)do ? He / She is a / an +职业(farmer, teacher, doctor.) 例如:What does your father do? He is a doctor. 你爸爸做什么的? 他是一个医生。 还可以这么问他人的职业: 2)What is + 某人? What is your father? 你爸爸做什么的? 3)Whats
10、somebodys job? Whats your fathers job? 你爸爸做什么的? 2. 询问“你”的职业 1) Whats your job? 你是做什么的? I am an English teacher. 我是一个英语老师。 2)What do you do? 你是做什么的 I am a worker. 我是一名工人。 动词在第三人称单数形式的变化规则 规则 例词 一般情况下,直接在动词的词尾加-s。 run - runs look - looks see -sees say -says 以-s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o结尾的动词,一般在词尾加-es. teach-
11、teaches go-goes fix-fixes wash-washes pass-passes 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先边y为i, 再加-es. study-studies try- tries 以元音字母加y结尾的动词,直接在词尾加-s。 play-plays stay-stays 注意:go(三单)goes have(三单)has 六 语法 1. Does he / she ? 一般疑问句 句中没有be动词,变为一般疑问句要借助助动词do / does。助动词形态由主语的人称决定。 Does he / she ? 主语为第三人称单数,用does其结构为:Does +主语+谓语动词+
12、其他? 2. What subjects does like? 特殊疑问句 这个句子用来询问他人喜欢什么科目的疑问句。用于第三人称单数,在本句中用助动词does。注意回答时like后面要加s。 七、语法:1.频率副词always , usually, often , sometimes ,按其频率高低排列为:always usually often sometimes。 2. 询问某人在周末做什么的句型What (do /does ) 主语do at weekends? 答句: 主语+动词原形/动词三单形式. do / does: 助动词,由主语的人称数而定. 主语是第三人称单数时,用does, 主语是第一人称、第二人称、第三人称复数时,用do. 答句: 如果主语是第三人称单数,则要用动词三单形式;主语是第一人称、第二人称、第三人称复数时用动词原形。