初中英语现在完成时用法归纳.doc

优胜教育
现在完成时
1、用法：① 用于表示“过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果”。→强调对现在造成的影响或结果，常与
“ever/never/already/yet/just”连用。如：She has gone to Shanghai. She is not here.
② 用于表示“过去开始的动作一直持续到现在”。→强调动作的持续性，常与“for/since+时间”连用。
如： I have lived in Kunming for ten years.
2、时态标志词：for/since+时间，just，never，ever，already，yet，before，so far，in the past/last few years等。
3、常考易错点：
（1）辨析have gone to，have been to与have been in
have/has gone to：“已经去了某地（去而未归）”→去了某地还没回来，常用来回答where开头的问句
have/has been to：“曾经去过某地（去而已归）”→去过某地但已回来，常与ever/never/次数(two/many times)连用。
have/has been in：“在某地待了(多长时间)”，常与 “for/since+时间” 连用。
① He is not here. He has gone to Beijing. ② He has been to Beijing for many times.
③ He has been in Beijing for 20 years.
（2） 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
时态类别
用途
构成
时态标志
例句
一般过去时
强调动作发生在过去(但不强调对现在造成的影响)。
动词用过去式
表“过去时间”的词或短语:
yesterday, last night, two days ago， just now，in 2010
I lost my English book yesterday.
现在完成时
强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响

have/has +过去分词

already，yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice，for three years，since 9:00，since+从句
I have lost my English book. I can’t find it now. (过去把书弄丢，现在找不到了。强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响)
（3）already与yet：肯定句用already，否定句和问句用yet.
（4）for与since：for+时间段 (多少分钟/小时/天/周/月/年，如：two weeks/five years等)
since+时间点 (某天/周/月/年，如：last week/2016等)
since +时间段+ago，如：since two weeks ago=for two weeks
since+从句（从句动词用过去式）
常见句式：现完+since+过去式
（5） 短暂(动词)变延续
句中有“for+时间/how long”用现在完成时且短暂性动词需转换为have/has been格式，如：

①. die → have/has been dead
②. marry → have/has been married
③. leave → have/has been away
④. begin/start → have/has been on
⑤. join → have/has been in
口诀：有for+时间用have/has been

特殊 ①. borrow/lend → have kept (保管) ②. buy → have had(拥有)
比较：I borrowed a book a week ago. I have kept the book for a week.
I bought a car last year. I have had the car for a year.