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仁爱版七年级下册各单元知识点归纳
Unit 5 Topic1
重点语法
一般现在时(常与频度副词 never, seldom, sometimes, often,usually, always 等连用)
重点句型 — How do you usually come to school?
— I usually come to school by subway.
— How often do you go to the library?
—Once/Twice/Three times a week/Very often/Every day/Seldom
重点详解
1.I always come to school by bus.
by+交通工具 名称,表示使用某种交通方式,中间不加限定词
,如果交通工具前
有 a, the, my
等限定词,就不能用 by,而是用 in 或是 on.
on the train=by train
on his bike=by bike
in my car=by car.
巧辩异同
on foot 与 walk
on foot “走路 ”,是介词短语,不能作谓语,只作
方式状语,位于句末。
walk “走路 ”,是动词,可以作谓语。
go to ⋯on foot= walk to
I often go to school on foot. =I often walk to school.
同样, go to
⋯ .by bike = ride a bike to
go to
⋯ . by car = drive a car to
go to
⋯ by plane = fly to
go to
⋯ by bus = take a bus to
2
.Come on! It
’ s time forcomeclass.on
快点,“加油,来吧 ”。
It ’s time for sth该.做某“事了 ”,与 It ’s time to do sth意.思一样。
3
.look 的短语
look the same 看起来一样
look like 看起来像 ⋯⋯
look for
寻找
look after
照顾
4
.do my homework at school 在学校做作业
do one ’s homework做家庭作业 (注意 :one’s要随主语的变化而变化,常用形容
词性物主代词 my, your, their, our, his, her
等)。
5 we want to know about the school life of American students.
我们想了解一下美国学
生的学校生活。
know about
了解,知“道关于 ⋯”。
6
巧辩异同 a few 与 few
a few 一些“”, few 很“少,几乎没有 ”,修饰可数名词。
a little 与 little
a little
一些“ ”, little 很“少,几乎没有 ”,修饰不可数名词。
7
They often play basketball or soccer, go swimming and so on.
go swimming 去游泳
and so on 等等 ”,“表示还有很多。
拓展 go+v.-ing 表示去做某事 ,类似的有:
go fishing 去钓鱼 go
shopping
去买东西
go boating 去划船
go skating
去滑冰
8
How often do you go to the library?
你多久去一次图书馆?
how often 多久一“次 ”, 问频率。答语常用频度副词
never, always,often 等或单位时
间内的次数 once a week 一周一次 twice a month 每月两次 three times a year
每年三次
--
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语法讲解
一般现在时:
一般现在时表示:
( 1 )现在所处的状态。 Jane is at school.
( 2 )经常或习惯性的动作。 I often go to school by bus.
( 3 )主语具备的性格和能力。 He likes playing football.
( 4 )客观真理。 The earth goes round the sun.
常用的时间状语: often, always, usually, sometimes, every day 等等。
行为动词的一般现在时,助动词是 do/don 和’tdoes/doesn 当主语’是第t.一、二
人称和所有复数形式时,行为动词用原形。
肯定式: I go to school on foot. 否定式: I don ’ t go to school on foot.
疑问式: Do you go to school on foot? —Yes, I do. — No, I don ’ t.
当主语是第三人称单数时,动词用第三人称单数形式,在词尾加 -s 或-es。
肯定式: He goes to work by bus. 否定式: He doesn ’ t go to work by bus.
疑问式: Does he go to work by bus? — Yes, he does.— No, he doesn ’ t.
Topic2
重点语法 现在进行时态。
重点句型 What are you doing? He is cleaning the dormitory.
Are you doing your homework? Yes, I am./No, I am not.
How long can I keep them? Two weeks.
重点详解
1 at the moment 此刻,现在“ ”,相当于 now.
2 巧辩异同 go to sleep 与 go to bed
1 go to bed 上床 ”就“寝 ” I often go to bed at ten.
2 go to sleep 入睡 ”“睡着“” Last night I went to sleep at two o
’ clo
3
巧辩异同 some, a few 与 a little
“一些,有些 ”三者都修饰名词。
some 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词
。
We want some apples and some water.
a few 用在可数名词复数之前,
a little 用在不可数名词之前 。
There are a few books and a little waterin the classroom.
4
与 how 相关的短语how often
多常 how many 多少 how much 多少钱how
old 多大
5
And you must return them on time.
你必须按时归还它们。 Return 意为 “归还,回归 ”
1 return sth. to sb. 把某物归还某人 =give back sth. to sb.
2 return to 回到 ⋯”“,相当于 come back to
⋯
6
Maria and a girl are talking at the lost and found.
talk 交谈“”,常用的短语 talk to/with sb. 与某人交谈 ”“
巧辩异同 talk, say, speak 与 tell
(1) talk 交谈“”,表示通过谈话方式交换意见、消息等。常用短语
talk with sb
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与⋯ 交谈 take about sth 谈论 ⋯..talk with sb about sth 与 ⋯谈论 ⋯.
(2) speak 说话 ”,“强调开口发声,后常接某种语言。
(3) say 说 ”,强“调所说的话的内容。
(4) tell 告诉 ”,“有时兼含 “嘱咐 ”“命令 ”等。 tell a truth 说真话, tell a lie 说谎 , tell a story 讲故事等固定搭配。
7.I can ’ t find my purse and I am looking forlookit. for 寻找 ”,“强调寻找的过程; find 找到“”强调找的结果。
8
.look(at), see 与 read look(at) 指看的动作, see 指看的结果,意为
“看见 ”, read 常
指看书、看报纸等。
9
.Here are some photos of his. 这有他的一些照片。
photos of his 是双重所有格。 his 是名词性物主代词,后还可以接名词所格。
a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 a classmate of my brother 我弟弟的一个同学 ’s
10 .I also want to go there one day. 我也希望有一天到那儿。
also 意为 “也 ”,常用于 be 动词和情态动词后面,实义动词的前面。
巧辩异同 also 与 too also 放在句中, too 用于句末。
语法讲解
现在进行时:
1.现在进行时表示:现在正在进行或发生的动作。
2.常用的时间状语: now, at the moment, look, listen 等。
3.谓语动词构成: be(am/is/are)+v.-ing 形式。
4.现在进行时态的肯定、否定和疑问式。
( 1 )肯定式: I am running. You are running. He/She is running.
( 2 )否定式: I ’m not running. You aren ’t running. He/She isn ’t running.
( 3 )一般疑问句及回答: — Are you running? — Yes, I am./— No, I am not.
— Is he/she running? —Yes, he/she is./ — No. he/she isn ’ t.
Topic3
重点语法 一般现在时和现在进行时的使用和异同。
重点句型 What day is ti today? It ’s Wednesday.
Why do you like it? it and interesting’. s easy
What class are they having? They are having a music class.
重点详解
1 询问星期几用 What day ?回⋯答: It ’ s Wednesday/Sunday。 ⋯
与特殊疑问句词 what 有关的短语:
what class 什么班 what color 什么颜色 what time 几点 what date 几号(日期)
2 How many lessons does he have every weekday?
How many+ 可数名词的复数形式; How much+ 不可数名词。
3 一个星期的第一天是 Sunday, 在星期几前用介词 on, 在具体点钟前用 at.
4 learning about the past 了解过去 learn about 了解
拓展 learn from 向 ⋯⋯ 学习 learn by oneself 自学
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5
What do you think of
⋯ ? = How你认do为 you⋯⋯like怎么样?
⋯?
6
— Why? — Because it
eresting’. s用intwhy 提问必须用 because 回答 。
7 Which subject do you like best? 你最喜欢什么科目? like best 最喜欢,可用 favorite 特别喜“爱的 ”转换。
8 be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
9 I can learn a lot from it. 我能从中学到很多东西。
(1) learn ⋯从 ⋯⋯from学习“”。
(2) a lot = much 许多 ”,后接宾“语时要说 a lot of 也可以表示 “非常,十分 ”。
Unit6 Topic1
重点语法 There be 句型和方位介词短语。
重点句型 There are two bedrooms and a a small study.
There is a lamp, a computer, some books and so on.
— Is there a computer in your study? — Yes, there is.
Don't put them here. Put them away.
重点讲解
1 It ’ s on the second floor.
在哪一层楼,用介词 on 。on 表示在 ⋯⋯ 上面。 second 是序数词,前面要用定冠词 the, 意为第二(的) 。
巧辩异同 two 与 second
two 是基数词, second 是序数词, “第二 ”或 “第二的 ”,指排列顺序。
2 in 在 ⋯⋯ 里面,是方位介词。 in the box in the classroom
Is there 表示⋯某?地存在 ⋯⋯ 吗?其肯定回答是: Yes, there is. 否定回答 No,
there isn 它的复’数形t.式为 Are there 其肯⋯定?回答是: Yes, there are. 否定回
答 No, there aren ’t.
3 巧辩异同 there be 与 have
(1) there be 有 ”,指(某“地)存在 “有 ”。
(2) have 有 ”,指“人或某物 “拥有 ”。 The is a dog in the picture. The dog has two
big eyes.
注: there be 遵循就近原则。 be 用 is 还是 are,取决于离该动词最近的那个
名词。如果该名词是单数或不可数名词就用 is,如果是复数就用 are。
4 have a look 看看 。 后面接名词时要用 at. 如 have a look at your watch.
5 talk about 谈论,议“论 ”,后接名词或动名词。 talk with/to 与某人交谈 “”
6
用来询问某地有某物,其结构为:
What ’介词s+短语,回答时应用
there be 句
型。
7
play with 和 ⋯⋯“玩耍 ”, “玩 ”
play with sb. “与某人一起玩 ”
8 put away 把 ⋯⋯ 放好
9 look after 保管,照“顾 ”,相当于 take care of.
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look at 看 ⋯⋯ look like 看起来像 ⋯⋯ look for寻找 look the same 看起来一样
10 巧辩异同 in the tree 与 on the tree
(1) in the tree 指外来物体在树上。
(2) on the tree 树木本身长出来的花、树叶等。
11 巧辩异同 like doing 与 like to do
like doing 表示经经常性或习惯性的兴趣、爱好 。与 love doing 相似。
like to do 表示偶尔的、一次性的喜欢 。与 love to do 相似。
12 I ’ m very glad to get a letter from you我.很高兴收到你的来信。
get a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信= hear from sb.
Topic2
重点语法 There be 句型 Wh-questions
重点句型 What’s your home like? What’s the matter?
Sorry, I can ’ t hear youI’. ll get someone to check it right now.
There is something wrong with my kitchen fan.
重点讲解
1 house with three bedrooms. 有三间卧室的房子。 with 有,“带有 ”。
With 还可以意为 “和(某人 /某物)在一起 ”
2 apartment for a family of two. 适合两口之家的公寓。
(1) for 表示 “给⋯⋯”表示目的或功能。后接物主代词或名词,但通常带 ’或s者.
后接表示无生命物体的名词。 Here is a letter for you.
(2)of 的含义为 “属于某人 /某事物 ”。 She is a friend of Lily ’ s. = Shes is
3 What ’ smatter?the 怎么了?该句常用来询问某或某物出了什么什么问题或毛
病;询问具体某人或某物出了什么问题时,还可以表达为:
What’s the matter
with sb./sth. 某人或某物出了什么毛病。
What ’ s the matter? = What
’ s
4
I see you playing the piano. 我听见你在弹钢琴。
see
⋯ doing sth看.见 ⋯⋯ 在“做某事 ”,强调正在进行的动作。
see
⋯ do sth看见. ⋯⋯“做了某事 ”,强调全过程。
5
a lot of = lots of 许多 后接可数名词,相当于
many ;后接不可数名词,相当于
much, 用于肯定句中; 但是注意:如果是否定句,刚常用
many 或 much.
6
be far from离 ⋯⋯远 (抽象距离)
be ⋯ away from 离 ⋯⋯⋯远(具体距
离)
My school is not far from the bookstore.
The sea is 2 miles away from the hotel.
7
There is something wrong with sb./sth.
某人或某物出问题
/有毛病了。
8
someone=somebody 某人
right now= at once= right away 马上,立刻
语法讲解
There be (表⋯示 “有 ”)用法
1.“ There + be+主语 +地点状语 ”表示 “某处有某物 ”;地点状语也可放在句首,有时可
用 “, ”与后面的部分隔开。 There are some pictures on the wall.=On the wall, there
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are some pictures.
2.它的疑问形式是将 “ be提到”“ there之前。”Are thery any books on the desk?
3. 它的否定形式是在 “ be后加”“ not ”.
4. There be 如果后面接两个名词作主语,那么 “ be的人”称和数与邻近的名词一致。
Topic3
重点语法 特殊疑问句和问路、指路的方式。
重点句型 —Excuse me, how can I get to ⋯—Go along ⋯ and turn left at the first
street.
Be careful! Don't play on the street.
重点讲解
1 go up 沿着“⋯⋯ 走 ”与它相近的词有 go along/down
2 get to 到达 ,后接地点名词 get to =reach=arrive in/at
与 get 有关的短语: get in 收获 get on 上车 get off 下车
get out 出去 get out of 从 ⋯⋯ 出来 get up 起床
3 across from 在 ⋯⋯ 对面
4 It ’ s good to help children and old people to cross the road帮助.孩子和老人过马路是一种助人为乐的行为。 It ’s good to do sth做.某事是助人为乐的行为。
5 on the corner of = at the corner of 在⋯⋯ 拐角处 ”,表示在某一地方“或建筑物
外面的拐角处。 in the corner of 表示在某一建筑物内的拐角处。
6 有关 come 的短语
come to 来到 come form 来自于 ⋯⋯ come on 加油,赶快 come in 进来
come out 出来,开花 come down 下来 come back 回来
Unit7 Topic1
重点语法 掌握 be 动词的一般过去式。
重点句型 —Were you born in Hebei? Yes, I was./ No, I wasn ’t.
— When was your daughter born? — She was born on October 22 nd,
1996.
What's the shape of your present? What does it look like?
How long/wide is it? What do we use it for? We use it to study English.
重点讲解
1 英语中日期可以有两种表达法:
st
st
(1) 月日,年。 May 1 ,2008
(2) 日月,年。 1 May,2008
2
plan to do sth. 计划做某事
a plan for sth. 某事的计划
3
基数词变序数词的规律:
基变序,有规律,五、十二
ve 用 f 替再加 th
一二三,特殊记,整几十改
y 为 ie 再加 th
八去 t 九去 e 再加 th,几十几只改个位就可以。
4 表示确切 “几百 ”时, hundred 后面不加 “ ,s但”表示不确定数目的 “数以百计 ” 时, hundred 后面应加 “,s”用 “hundreds of表”示。
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three hundred students 三百名学生 hundreds of students 几百名学生
5 英语中表达物体的长、宽、高,先说数字,再说单位,最后加上一个表示
长、宽、高的形容词。 “. ”读做 “point。”
6.4 米长
six point four meters long
6
What do we use it for? 我们用它来做什么 ?
use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事 . = use sth. for doing sth.
语法讲解
be 动词的一般过去时
1. be 动词的一般过去时,表示过去存在的状态。
My brother was at school yesterday.
2. be 动词的过去式为
was/were,其否定式为 was not/wasn
和 were’tnot/weren
’ t.
3.
一般疑问句以及简略回答:
— Were you born in July,1999?
— Yes, I was./No,I wasn
’ t.
Topic2
重点语法
掌握情态动词 can/can ’t,could/couldn 的’t用法。
重点句型
— Can/Could you dance?
— Yes, I can/could.
No, I can ’t/couldn
’t.
— What can you do? — I can speak English.
He can
’ t sing English songs.
重点讲解
1
— Do you want to sing Chinese songs or English songs?
— Chinese songs.
选择疑问句中,回答时只能选择一者作答,不能用
“ Yes或“”No回答”。
2
I ’ d like to take these flowers to the party. take sb./sth. to sw.带某人 /某物去某地
巧辩异同 take 与 bring
take (从说话人处带到别处)带去,带走
bring
(由别处带到说话人处)带来
3
一段时间 +ago 是表示过去的时间状语 。 two years ago
at the age of
在 ⋯⋯ 岁的时候
4
be good at doing sth. = do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事,在 ⋯⋯ 方面做得好。
5
with one
’ s help = with the help在 ⋯⋯of
的帮助下
⋯
6 can 和 could 的使用
(1) can(could) 可以,同意,“准许 ”表示请求,允许。 could 语气较 can 委婉。
(2) can 会,能“”,表示能力, could 表示过去的能力。
Topic3
重点语法 行为动词的一般过去时及其回答。
重点句型 — Did you sing a song at the party? — Yes, I did/No, I didn ’t.
I missed the chair and fell down. How could you lie to me?
Kangkang made a silent wish and them he blew the candles out in one breath.
重点讲解
1 Did Kangkang enjoy himself? 康康玩得开心吗? Enjoy 是及物动词,后接名
词,代词或是动名词,意为 “喜爱,欣赏,享受 ⋯⋯ 的乐趣。 ”
enjoy oneself = have a good/great time 玩得愉快 enjoy doning sth. 喜欢做某事
巧辩异同 like, love 与 enjoy
(1)like 喜欢(程度较弱) like doing/to do
(2) love 热爱(程度较强) love doing/to do
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(3)enjoy 喜爱,欣赏,享受 ⋯⋯ 的乐趣 enjoy doing
2 It ’ s your 该turn你.了。
turn 是名词,意思是 “轮流 ”,It ’ s one ’ s turn轮到to某do人sth做某.事。还可以做连系动词,意为 “变成 ⋯⋯”,后接形容词做表语。
3 反身代词 oneself 变化如下:
1 第一二人称用形容词性物主代词 +self(selves)
I→ myself you→ yourself(yourselves)
2 第三人称用人称代词宾格 +self(selves)
he→ himself they → themselves
4 What happened to Michael at the party? 聚会上迈克发生什么事情了?
happen to sb. 某人发生某事, to 是介词 happen to do 碰巧干某⋯事, to 是不定式
符号
语法讲解 一般过去式
一、一般过去式表示: ( 1)过去存在的状态 。 My father wat at work yesterday
afternoon. (2) 过去某个时间发生的动作 。 I got up at 6:30 yesterday. (3) 过去经常或反复发生的动作。 He always went to work by bus last year. 常用的时间状
语: two days/months/years ago, last year, in those days, just now, in 2002 等。
二、动词过去式的构成:
1. 规则动词
1 在动词后面直接加 “ ”ed。 play-played
2 动词以 “ 结e尾”加 “ 。d move”-moved
3 动词以辅音字母加 y 结尾改 y 为 i 加 ed. study-studied
4 动词为重读闭音节,双写词尾的辅音字母加 ed. plan-planned stop-stopped
2. 不规则动词 am/is-was are-were do-did (详情见书后不规则动词表 )
三、行为动词一般过去时态陈述句变否定句和一般疑问句:
肯定句: I bought some books yesterday.
否定句: I didn ’t buy any books yesterday.
一般疑问句: Did you buy any books yesterday?
Unit5 — Unit7 中出现的 冠词用法
1.弹乐器前要带定冠词 the,而进行球类运动,刚不带 the。 play the guitar/piano
play soccer/basketball
2.序数词,前面要用定冠词 the 。on the second floor
3.三餐前面不用冠词 。 have breakfast/lunch/supper
介词的用法
1. 在几点常用介词 at, 在星期几常用 on。在早上、下午、晚上常用 in. 在具体某是
前,用介词 on ;在月份或年份前用介词 in ,在具体到某一天的早上 /下午 /晚上,也
用 on at seven o ’clock; on Sunday; in the morning.
2.在哪一层楼用介词 on.
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