小学英语语法内容总结及练习.doc

小学英语语法及习题
一:小学英语语法总结:
小学英语语法总体上有如下四大块:
1. 名词的单数和复数变化规则.
2. 时态 (小学阶段有学系了四种时态:即一般现在时,现在进行时, 一般将来时,一般过去时)
包含
一般现在时: 一般现在时的功能,构成,变化(包括动词的变化和句式的变化)
现在进行时: 现在进行时的概念, 构成, 变化(包括动词的变化: 动词+ing的变化规则; 句式的变化)
一般将来时: 一般将来时的概念, 构成, 变化 (句式的变化)
一般过去时: 一般过去时的功能, 构成, 变化 (包括动词的变化: 动词的过去式的变化规则, 不规则动词的过去式列表)

上述语法内容主要的操练方式是两种: 1.动词的恰当方式填空
2.按要求进行句式变换. (肯定句，否定句，疑问句之间的互相转化)

一、名词复数规则
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives
5．不规则名词复数：
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children
foot-feet,.tooth-teeth
fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
写出下列各词的复数
I _________him _________this ___________her ______
watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______
day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________
tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____
thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______
man______ woman_______ paper_______       juice___________
water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________
二、一般现在时
一般现在时基本用法介绍
　　【No. 1】一般现在时的功能
　　1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
　　2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
　　3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
　　一般现在时的构成
　　1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：
　　I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
　　2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：
　　We study English.我们学习英语。
　　当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
　　一般现在时的变化
　　1. be动词的变化。
　　否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。
　　如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。
　　一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。
　　如：-Are you a student?
　　　　-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
　　特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?
　　2.行为动词的变化。
　　否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：
　　I don't like bread.
　　当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：
　　He doesn't often play.
　　一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：
　　- Do you often play football?
　　- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
　　当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：
　　- Does she go to work by bike?
　　- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
　　特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?
动词+s的变化规则
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
一般现在时用法专练:
一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______     carry ____
come________      watch______ plant_______ fly ________
study_______ brush________ do_________     teach_______
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20.     －What day _______(be) it today?
－ It’s Saturday.三、按照要求改写句子
1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)
___________________________
4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
___________________________________________________
5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)
_______________________________________________________
6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)
___________________________________________________
9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)
1. Is     your brother speak English?         __________________
2. Does he likes going fishing?             __________________
3. He likes play games after class.         __________________
4. Mr. Wu teachs us English.                __________________
5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _________________
三、现在进行时
1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.
3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
5．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：
疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词ing?
      但疑问词当主语时其结构为：
       疑问词 + be + 动词ing?
动词加ing的变化规则
1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking
2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting
3．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping
现在进行时专项练习：
一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________
go_________ like________     write________ _ski___________
read________ have_________ sing     ________ dance_________
put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________
live_______ take_________ come ________     get_________
stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food     now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
     9. It’s     5     o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
三、句型转换：
1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2．The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3．I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)
_________________________________________________________________
4．Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)
四、将来时
一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。
二、基本结构：①be going to + do；
②will+ do.
三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。
例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
四、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。
例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。
1.         问人。Who 例如：I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.
2.         问干什么。What … do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this   
afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.
3.        问什么时候。When.例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going    
to bed?
六、同义句：be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.
练习：
填空。
1.     我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2.     下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。
What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.
What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.
3.           你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。
_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________?
Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.
4.           你们打算什么时候见面。
What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?
改句子。
5.           Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）
Nancy ________ going to go camping.
6.           I’ll go and join them.（改否定）
I _______ go ______ join them.
7.           I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）
________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?
8.           We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）
_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.
9.           She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问）
________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?
10.           My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)
_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow