初中英语相似(易混)短语辨析.doc

初中英语相似（易混）短语辨析（一）1.a bit ;a little【辨析】两者均可作程度状语，修饰形容词或副词，常可换用。如：He came here a little (a bit)early.他来的有点早。a little可用作形容词，直接修饰不可数名词，a bit则不能，但可与of构成短语，其功能与a little相似。如:Give me a bit of (=a little)milk ,please.请给我一点牛奶。注意：not a little(much)“很多”，“不少”；not a bit (=not at all)意为“一点也不”，“一点儿也没有”。练习用a little a bit填空 He is_ taller than Tom. There is _water in the glass.Keys:a bita bit/a littlea little/a bit of2.a few ;a little【辨析】这两者均可表示“一点（儿），一些”。但a few 修饰可数名词，而a little 修饰不可数名词。练习用a few a little填空 He knows_English. I am going to buy _apples.Keys; a little a few3.afraid of afraid to;afraid for(about)【辨析】afraid of-意为“害怕；忧虑；担忧”，后可接名词、动名词或从句，它着重强调对可能产生的后果担忧或忧虑。如：She was afraid of walking her husband up.她担心会吵醒她的丈夫。afraid to -意为“害怕，不敢”，后接原形动词，它着重指不敢或害怕去做某事。如：I am afraid to see him,我不敢见他。afraid for (about)意为“替某人（事）担心”，其后接人或事。如：He is afraid for(about) his own safety.他为自己的安全担心。练习用afraid of afraid to;afraid for(about) 填空 He is_his mothers health She was_what he might say . She was _wake her mother.Keys: afraid for(about) afraid of; afraid to;4.agree with ;agree to; agree on ,agree about【辨析】agree with后接某人，意为“同意某人（的意见）”。如：I cant agree with you. agree to后接“建议、计划”意为“同意某一建议、安排”等。后接原形动词意为“同意做某事”。如：He agreed to this plan immdiately.他立即同意了这个计划。I do agree to help you with the work.我确实愿意帮你做这项工作。Agree on 意为“就-取得一致意见”。如：We agree on the question。对这一问题，我们意见一致。agree about“对-有相同的看法”。如：We agree about some books and disagree about others.对有些书我们看法一致；对另一些看法不一致。练习用agree with ;agree to; agree on ,agree about填空 They havet_the price. Do you _this arrangement? I quite _his teacher. We _some viewpoints.Keys: agree on, agree to, agree with; agree about.5.a number of ;the number of【辨析】这两个短语虽只有一冠词之差，但词义则大不一样；a number of意为“许多”，后接可数名词的复数形式，用作主语时，其谓语动词一般用复数形式，number前往往有形容词small或large加以修饰，起强调作用。如：A large number of books are lent at the library every day.图书馆每天借出许许多多的书。the number of意为“-的总数；数量”，后接可数名词复数，做主语时，谓语动词采用单数形式。如：T he number of my books is five hundred and forty .我的书总数是540本。练习用a number of ;the number of 填空 Quite_students in our school are from the south . _students is very large.Keys: a number of; The number of初中英语相似（易混）短语辨析（二）6.a lot of ;plenty of; a number of【辨析】a lot of意为“大量、许多”，后接可数名词或不可数名词，动词分别为复数或单数，它主要用于肯定句中，疑问句和否定句中改用为many,much.如：A lot of students are going there.plenty of意为“大量、许多、足够”。后接可数名词或不可数名词，动词分别为复数或单数，它主要也用于肯定句中，疑问句和否定句中改用为enough,many如:There is plenty of rain here. a number of意为“一些，许多”，后接复数可数名词，动词用复数。如：A number of guests have come.练习用a lot of ;plenty of; a number of 填空 Are _people studying in the room? He borrowed_books from the library this morning.Keys: a number of; a lot of/plenty of7.at night ;in the night【辨析】at night 意为“天黑时；晚上；在夜里”包括的时间从下午6点到深夜16点之间，可指在黄昏、在夜晚、在上半夜等。He came back at night .他晚上才回来。in the night意为“在夜间，在夜里”，包括的时间比at night更长，从日落到日出之间的时间都可以说是in the night可指在夜间（里），在上半夜，在下半夜等，不过用得不广，通常用during the night如：I woke up twice in the night. 我夜间醒来两次。练习用at night ;in the night 填空 There was a rain _.I do my homework from 7to 9 oclock_Keys: in the night at night8.at table ;at the table【辨析】at table意为“在进餐（时），table前面不加冠词，这是一个固定搭配。（注意不要把wait at table 和at table弄混，wait at table是固定短语，意为“当招待。伺候进餐”） at table长与be连用做表语，与其它动词搭配使用做状语。例如：He was at table when we called.我们去拜访他时，他正在进餐。at the table意为“在桌子旁”，用搭配词组，table前可有定冠词，不定冠词或其它形容词修饰。如：They were at the table playing cards.他们在桌边玩牌练习用at table ;at the table 填空 He read the newspaper_. He seldom talks_.Keys: at the table at table9. before long；long beforebefore long意为“很快，不久，”是指以说话当时或所述事件当时为准的“不久的未来”，而long before意为“很久以前”，后面跟从句或名词时，指该名词或从句所表示的“很久以前”；后面不跟从句或名词时，指主句谓语动词所表示的“很久以前”如：Ill see film before long 我不久就去看这部电影。He said he had seen the film long before.他说很久以前看过这部电影练习用before long；long before填空 He received my letter_-. I had heard about him _I saw him.Keys: before longlong before10.by oneself; for oneself ;to oneself【辨析】by oneself意为“独自的，无助的，”强调某人独自作某事，而不需别人帮助，还可说all by oneself以加强语气; for oneself意为“为自己（的利益而做某事）”还可作 ;to oneself意为“暗自，在心中”；常talk,say think等词连用。注意：say to oneself 意为“在心里想”，而talk/speak to oneself 长译为“自言自语”两者不可混淆。例如：You must do your work by yourself?你必须独立做你的工作？Do you have anything to say for yourself?你还有什么要为自己说的吗？What are you talking to say for yourself?你自言自语谢什么？练习用by oneself; for oneself ;to oneself填空 This box is too heavy for me to lift _- He said _that there was something wrong .He has built a house_.Keys: by myselfto himselffor himself11.as many ;as many as【辨析】as many意为“一样多的；同样的目的”，如：He read books in as many days.他四天里读了四本书。 ;as many as意为“和-一样多”；“多达-”如：Take as many as you want.你要多少就拿多少。练习用as many ;as many as填空_a hundred people aftended the meeting_I have ring him up three in _days .Keys: as manyas many初中英语相似（易混）短语辨析（三）12.as much as ;as much as【辨析】as much as意为“同样的”。如：You hate him as much as I do.你恨他象我恨他一样的深 ;as muchas意为“与一样多”， much为形容词，后接不可数名词，much前的as为副词，后面的as引出定语从句。注：so much as 或（so much as）多用于否定句或疑问句中。如：I have as much money as you think.我没有你想象的那么有钱He didnt so much as say thank you 他甚至连句道谢的话也没有。练习用as much as ;as much as填空 Its_our responsibility_yours He can carry _200 jin.Keys: as much asas much as13.at the end of ;by the end of【辨析】at the end of 意为“在-尽头”；“在-结束时”，后接表达事件，场所、动作、时间等的名词，如：His house is at the end of the lane.她的房子在这条小巷的尽头。;by the end of意为“到-结束时，到-的末尾”，后常接表时间的名词。如：He will be here by the end of this week。他本周末要来这里的。练习用.at the end of ;by the end of填空_this year they shall have completed the work.Others were planning to go _the term.Keys: by the end of.at the end of13.at last; in the end【辨析】两者都可解作“最后”。 at last表示经过一定曲折之后某事才发生，强调努力的后果，带有较强的感情色彩，需用过去时。如：Did the man in the shop understand him at last?这位店员最后理解他的话了吗? in the end表示事物的发展的自然顺序的“终结”；以及预测未来。如：I hope that everything will turn out all right in the end.我希望一切最终都会顺利。练习用. at last; in the end填空When a piece of ice is taken into a warm room,it becomes smaller and smaller,until_it disappers completely.Keys: in the end14.be going to ; be about to【辨析】这两者均可以表示将来。区别在于be going to表示“即将或马上就要发生的事”以及“打算，准备做某事”，是一种主观的意图和预见，常与表示将来的时间状语连用；而 be about to意为“正要，不久就要做某事”，它要表示一种客观的叙述，且后不加时间状语，例如：We are going to have a meeting tomorrow.我们明天开一次会；I havent gone yet ,but Im about to (go).我还没去 ，但我就要去。练习用. be going to ; be about to填空 The meeting_begin It _rain .Wed better stay at home .Keys: is about to is going to15.be up; get up【辨析】be up和 get up在表示抽象概念时间状语连用，表示“起床”时这一对短语意义无区别，可互相使用。若句中有较具体的时间状语时，常使用get up。另外，做及物动词用，表示“使-起床”，“叫醒某人”强调起床这一动作时，只能用get up例如：He is always up(always gets up)early.他总是习惯早起。Mary got up at 6:00 this moring ,but Tom isnt up yet 玛丽今早6点钟就起床了，但汤姆还未起床。Its time to get the child up for breakfast .该是叫醒孩子吃早饭的时间了。练习用. be up; get up填空 My father _early this moring. He _me _at first light to clean the room.Keys: was up /got upgot- up16.because of; thanks to【辨析】这两者均属复合名词，后接名词构成状语，because of 意为“因为”、“由于”，它构成的状语，在句中的位置较灵活；而thanks to意为“多亏，由于“，它所构成事物状语多位于句子前部（多用逗号分开）。当其单一表示原因时，两者可互换使用。但含感激之情时，用thanks to，不用.because of。例如：I said nothing about it ,because of his mother being there .我对这事一字未提，因为他母亲在场。Thanks to your advice ,much trouble was saved多亏你出主意，省了许多麻烦。练习用. .because of; thanks to填空 We were successful ,_your help. The football match was cancelled_rainKeys: thanks to.because of17.believe(sb.),believe in (sb.)【辨析】.believe(sb.)意为“相信某人的话（真实）”而believe in (sb.)意为“信任某人”“相信某人是诚实的。可靠的，”“相信-存在（人格，价值）例如：Dont believe him ,he always tells lie .别相信他的话，他向来撒谎。练习用. believe(sb.),believe in (sb.)填空 You can _him ,hell never let you down . I _him but I dont _him.Keys: believebelieve- believe in初中英语相似（易混）短语辨析（四）18 by the way ;in ones way; on ones way【辨析】. by the way的意思是“顺便说，附带说”，常用于插入语中；in ones way的意思是“挡住去路”，“妨碍着” on ones way的意思是“在路上”后接介词to（跟副词不用介词）表示“往-的路上”。例如：By the way,wheres Li Ping?顺便说一下，李平在什么地方？The box is in my way.这只箱子挡着我的路了I met him on my way to school.在我上学的路上，我遇见了他练习用. by the way ;in ones way; on ones way填空 I bought a pen when I am _home. _,have you seen her dance ? Please dont be _his _Keys: on my wayBy the way in -way19.keep on doing keep doing【辨析】keep on doing 意为“不断的做，连续做”着重指动作的一再重复而keep doing意为“不断的做，一直做”，着重强调动作连续不断例如：He kept on asking questions他不断的提问That young man kept standing during the meeting开会时，那个青年又一直站着。练习用. keep on doing keep doing填空 He _(tell)us the the same story over and over. We _(hope) that they would have a chance to come to China some day.Keys: kept on tellingkept hoping20 keep up ;keep up with【辨析】keep up意为“保持：继续”，可用于主动和被动结构中；而keep up with意为“跟上,与-齐步前进”，只能用于主动语态。例如：They entered into a correspondence which was kept up for almost ten years.他们开始通信了，并且把这种通信联系了十年。She had to run to keep up with him.她只有跑步才能跟上他。练习用. keep up ;keep up with填空 The rain _for two days and the roads were flooded. With friends help ,he_the class.Keys: kept uphas kept up with21.known for ;known as【辨析】known意为“因-而出名”，其后指明原因，for短语在句中做状语 ;而known as意为“以-闻名；被称为-”其后主要指称号，名称as短语在句中作补语。例如：He is known for readiness to help others .大家都知道他助人为乐。He was better known as a poet.作为诗人。他的名望更大。练习用. known for ;known as填空 Dr. White is _in the town _a good family doctor. Guilin is _its beautiful secenery.Keys: ;known asknown for22.many a(an);a great (good) many【辨析】many a(an)意为“许多”，后接单数可数名词，如作主语，谓语用单数形式;a great (good) many意为“许多，相当多”，后接复数可数名词，如作主语，谓语用复数，例如：Many a man comes or goes 许多人来来往往A good many people come or go许多人来来往往练习用. many a(an);a great (good) many填空_student has seen the film before .I have _things to do today.Keys: many aa great many初中英语相似（易混）短语辨析（五）23.much as ;as much【辨析】much as 意为“虽然、尽管”，它是连词，引导出一个让步状语从句；而as much作为名词短语，意为同样的或同样多少的（事物）。例如：Much as she hated cruely,she couldnt help watching the fight 尽管她不喜欢残酷行为，但是她任然控制不住自己要来看这场斗殴。You have always helped me and I will always do as much for you.你总是帮助我，我也要帮助你。练习用. much as ;as much填空 Dont thank me .I would do _for anyone . _I should like to go . I cant go right now .Keys: as muchMuch as24.one or two ;once or twice 【辨析】one or two意为“若干，几个；少数几个” 在句中常起形容词作用，修饰名词；而once or twice 则为“几次，有时，偶尔”之意在句中起副词作用，做状语。例如：Ive invited one or two friends round this evening .我邀请了一两个朋友今晚来我家里来。I went to see him once or twice when I was there .我在那里时，曾去看过他几次。练习用. one or two ;once or twice 填空 My father reads newspaper_hours every day. He stopped _and looked back .Keys: one or twoonce or twice25.search sb.; search for sb.【辨析】search sb.意为“搜查某人（身体以便找出某物）”而 search for sb.意为“搜查（某地）为找某人。”例如：They seached him but nothing was found on him.他们搜了他的身，但他身上什么也没搜出来。They seached for him,but in vain.他们搜查他，但是徒劳一场。练习用. search sb.; search for sb.填空They _him everywhere ,but they didnt find him .They _him for a hidden weaponKeys: seached for seached26. take to ; take-to【辨析】take to 意为“开始工作（或者做某事）”它属于固定用法，其后接名词、动名词等，这一结构只能用主动语态；而 take-to是灵活搭配用法，其中take 为及物动词，后接人或物，to 与其后面得成分构成状语。例如：He took to studying English with great zeal.他开始以巨大的热情学习英语。We usually take the children to school in the car.我们经常用车把孩子们送到学校去练习用. take to ; take-to填空Lets _Mary _the cinema.Tom _helping me with my lessons.Keys: take-totakes to